Eurovision Song Contest 1983
Dates
Final23 April 1983
Host
VenueRudi-Sedlmayer-Halle
Munich, West Germany
Presenter(s)Marlene Charell
Musical directorDieter Reith
Directed byRainer Bertram
Executive supervisorFrank Naef
Executive producer
  • Christian Hayer
  • Günther Lebram
Host broadcasterArbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (ARD)
Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR)
Websiteeurovision.tv/event/munich-1983
Participants
Number of entries20
Debuting countriesNone
Returning countries
Non-returning countries Ireland
Participation map
  • A coloured map of the countries of Europe
         Participating countries     Countries that participated in the past but not in 1983
Vote
Voting systemEach country awarded 12, 10, 8-1 point(s) to their 10 favourite songs
Winning song Luxembourg
"Si la vie est cadeau"

The Eurovision Song Contest 1983 was the 28th edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It was held in Munich, West Germany, following the country's victory at the 1982 contest with the song "Ein bißchen Frieden" by Nicole. Although this was Germany's first victory, 1983 was the second time Germany had hosted the contest, having previously done so in 1957. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR) on behalf of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (ARD), the contest was held at the Rudi-Sedlmayer-Halle on 23 April 1983 and was hosted by German dancer Marlene Charell.

Twenty countries took part this year, with France, Greece and Italy all returning this year, while Ireland decided not to participate.

The winner was Luxembourg with the song "Si la vie est cadeau" by Corinne Hermes, which equalled the record of 5 victories set by France in 1977. This record would in turn be beaten by Ireland in 1994. It was also the second year in a row where the winning entry was performed last on the night and the second year in a row in which Israel won 2nd place. For the third year in a row, at least one country ended up with nul points, and in this case, it happened to be two countries, Spain and Turkey, neither of whom were able to get off the mark.

The 1983 contest was the first to be televised in Australia, via Channel 0/28 (now the Special Broadcasting Service) in Sydney and Melbourne. The contest went on to become popular in Australia, leading to the country's eventual debut at the 60th anniversary contest in 2015.

Location

Rudi-Sedlmayer-Halle, Munich – host venue of the 1983 contest.

Munich is a German city and capital of the Bavarian state. As the capital, Munich houses the parliament and state government. Rudi-Sedlmayer-Halle was chosen to host the contest.[1] It was initially named after the president of the Bavarian State Sport Association.[1] The hall opened in 1972 to host basketball events for the 1972 Summer Olympics.[1] Due to staging and production necessities, the 5500 seats of the arena had to be reduced to 3200 for the night of the final.[2][1] 2000 seats were reserved for the delegations and journalists, 1200 tickets were on sale for the general public.[3] The ticket prices ranged from 20 to 50 DM.[4]

Participating countries

Twenty countries took part in the contest, with France, Greece, and Italy returning to the competition. On the other hand, Ireland was absent this year for the first time because RTÉ workers were in strike action at the time.[5]

Participants of the Eurovision Song Contest 1983[6][7][8][9]
Country Broadcaster Artist Song Language Songwriter(s) Conductor
 Austria ORF Westend "Hurricane" German[lower-alpha 1]
  • Heli Deinboek
  • Heinz Nessizius
  • Peter Vieweger
 Richard Oesterreicher
 Belgium BRT Pas de Deux "Rendez-vous" Dutch
  • Paul Peyskens
  • Walter Verdin
 Freddy Sunder
 Cyprus CyBC Stavros and Constantina "I agapi akoma zi" (Η αγάπη ακόμα ζει) Greek Stavros Sideras Mihalis Rozakis
 Denmark DR Gry Johansen "Kloden drejer" Danish
  • Lars Christensen
  • Flemming Gernyx
  • Christian Jacobsen
 Allan Botschinsky
 Finland YLE Ami Aspelund "Fantasiaa" Finnish
  • Kari Kuusamo
  • Kaisu Liuhala
 Ossi Runne
 France Antenne 2 Guy Bonnet "Vivre" French
François Rauber
 Germany BR[lower-alpha 2] Hoffmann and Hoffmann "Rücksicht" German
Dieter Reith
 Greece ERT Christie "Mou les" (Μου λες) Greek
  • Sophia Fildissi
  • Antonis Plessas
 Mimis Plessas
 Israel IBA Ofra Haza "Hi" (חי) Hebrew Silvio Nanssi Brandes
 Italy RAI Riccardo Fogli "Per Lucia" Italian Maurizio Fabrizio
 Luxembourg CLT Corinne Hermès "Si la vie est cadeau" French
  • Alain Garcia
  • Jean-Pierre Millers
 Michel Bernholc
 Netherlands NOS Bernadette "Sing Me a Song" Dutch[lower-alpha 1]
Piet Souer
 Norway NRK Jahn Teigen "Do Re Mi" Norwegian Sigurd Jansen
 Portugal RTP Armando Gama "Esta balada que te dou" Portuguese Armando Gama Mike Sergeant
 Spain TVE Remedios Amaya "Quién maneja mi barca" Spanish
  • José Miguel Évoras
  • Isidro Muñoz
 José Miguel Évoras
 Sweden SVT Carola Häggkvist "Främling" Swedish Anders Ekdahl
  Switzerland SRG SSR Mariella Farré "Io così non ci sto" Italian
Robert Weber
 Turkey TRT Çetin Alp and the Short Wave "Opera" Turkish
Buğra Uğur
 United Kingdom BBC Sweet Dreams "I'm Never Giving Up" English
John Coleman
 Yugoslavia JRT Daniel "Džuli" (Џули) Serbo-Croatian
Radovan Papović

Returning artists

Artist Country Previous year(s)
Guy Bonnet  France 1970
Sandra Reemer (backing singer)  Netherlands 1972 (along with Andres Holten), 1976, 1979 (as Xandra)
Jahn Teigen  Norway 1978, 1982
Anita Skorgan (backing singer) 1977, 1979, 1981 (as backing singer for Finn Kalvik) 1982
Izolda Barudžija (backing singer)  Yugoslavia 1982 (part of Aska)

Production

Preparations for the production of the contest started in June 1982.[11] The final was produced by Bayerischer Rundfunk, with production costs of 1.2 million DM, further 1.5 million DM for the organisation and transmission, making a total of 2.7 million DM.[1][12] With the help of donations and other contributions, Bayerischer Rundfunk was able to reduce the costs at its own expense to about 1 million DM.[13] The city of Munich had to contribute 60 000 DM to a reception for the participating delegations.[14]

The contest was directed by Rainer Bertram.[15] Dieter Reith served as the general musical director of the 60-piece orchestra.[13] Christian Hayer and Günther Lebram served as the executive producers.[16] Other leading figures in the production included Wolf Mittler, Sylvia de Bruycker, Christof Schmid and Joachim Krausz.[17] Rehearsals started on 18 April 1983.[15]

Stage design

The stage was designed by Hans Gailling.[11] The set was an arc-shaped stage surrounding the orchestra section and had a size of 4 × 34 metres.[2] A 26 metres large and seven metres high steel construction with frames resembling giant electric heaters was used as the background.[1][18][11] The 33 frames were equipped with three light panels each, at which hundreds of light bulbs were suspended.[11] In total, 63 000 light bulbs, which could be controlled manually or by sound frequency, lit up and flashed in different sequences and combinations depending on the nature and rhythm of the songs.[1][11]

Format

Various receptions and events were organised in the week leading up to the final. On 19 April 1983, a cruise on Lake Starnberg with several participants was held by the German National Tourist Board as a press event for 250 journalists.[19][20][21] The Tourist Board also organised a bus tour for several participants to Linderhof Palace and Garmisch-Partenkirchen on 20 April 1983.[22][21] On 19 April 1983, a reception for the participants was held at the Antiquarium in the Munich Residenz, on behalf of Franz Josef Strauss, minister-president of the state of Bavaria.[1][23][24] Parties and receptions for the artists were also organised by the record labels Ariola, Polydor and Deutsche Grammophon.[21] Ralph Siegel, composer of the winning entry of 1982, and his own record label Jupiter Records, held a party for 1000 guests, including many artists, on 21 April 1983.[21][25][26]

A press centre with television monitors, typewriters, telephones and paper notebooks was installed for the 600 journalists covering the event.[27][28]

German Bundespost installed a post office from 18 to 23 April at the Rudi-Sedlmayr-Halle and stamped letters from there with a special Eurovision Song Contest postmark.[29]

Presentation format

Instead of pre-filmed "postcards", the name of the next country was shown on screen accompanied by music from the orchestra, followed by a presentation of the upcoming entry by Marlene Charell.[16]

After the first rehearsals, the Austrian and British commentators complained that, since there were no postcards, they felt that there was not enough time to introduce the upcoming entry to their viewers, and subsequently threatened to leave Munich.[30] As a reaction, for the live show, the name of the upcoming country was shown on screen for a certain time so that commentators had enough time.[4]

For the introduction of each entry, Charell stood in front of individual flower arrangements with flowers in the colours of the corresponding entry’s national flag.[1] The floral arrangements were provided by the International Garden Expo which opened in Munich a few days later.[3] Hostess Marlene Charell made all of her announcements in German before translating a repetition in both French and English.[17] In all three languages, Charell named the country, song title, performing artist, author, composer and conductor.

Due to host Charell's use of three languages instead of two, the voting went on for nearly an hour, stretching the Eurovision contest past three hours for the second time ever, after 1979.[31] In addition, Charell made 13 language mistakes throughout the voting,[31] some as innocuous as mixing up the words for "points" between the three languages, some as major as nearly awarding points to "Schweden" (Sweden) that were meant for "Schweiz" (Switzerland).

The language problems also occurred during the contest introductions, as Charell introduced the Finnish singer Ami Aspelund as "Ami Aspesund", furthermore she introduced the Norwegian conductor Sigurd Jansen as "...Johannes...Skorgan...",[32] having been forced to make up a name on the spot after forgetting the conductor's name.

Contest overview

The contest took place on 23 April 1983, beginning at 21:00 CEST (19:00 UTC).[33] At the start of the broadcast, a 7-minutes-film with views of various sights of Germany and of the host city Munich was shown.[34][35] As part of her introduction, presenter Marlene Charell called out each participating country, whose artists then appeared on stage.[16] The interval act was a dance number set to a medley of German songs which had become internationally famous, including "Strangers in the Night". The host, Marlene Charell, was the lead dancer, accompanied by 20 dancers.[36]

Director of the show Rainer Bertram and Roger Kreischer, program director at the Luxembourgish broadcaster RTL, criticised the behaviour of the audience in the hall towards the Luxembourgish entry:[30] During Luxembourg's performance, which was the last in the running order, a number of spectators had already left the auditorium to refresh themselves.[37] Observers also noted that a part of the audience whistled whenever the Luxembourgish entry received high votes during the voting and laughed or cheered when it was given few points.[30] When Corinne Hermès performed her reprise, a great part of the audience was already leaving.[30][38]

After the show, a reception for 1600 guests on behalf of the city of Munich took place in a tent of the International Garden Expo 83.[37][39]

Results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1983[40]
R/O Country Artist Song Points Place
1  France Guy Bonnet "Vivre" 56 8
2  Norway Jahn Teigen "Do Re Mi" 53 9
3  United Kingdom Sweet Dreams "I'm Never Giving Up" 79 6
4  Sweden Carola Häggkvist "Främling" 126 3
5  Italy Riccardo Fogli "Per Lucia" 41 11
6  Turkey Çetin Alp and the Short Wave "Opera" 0 19
7  Spain Remedios Amaya "Quién maneja mi barca" 0 19
8   Switzerland Mariella Farré "Io così non ci sto" 28 15
9  Finland Ami Aspelund "Fantasiaa" 41 11
10  Greece Christie "Mou les" 32 14
11  Netherlands Bernadette "Sing Me a Song" 66 7
12  Yugoslavia Daniel "Džuli" 125 4
13  Cyprus Stavros and Constantina "I agapi akoma zi" 26 16
14  Germany Hoffmann and Hoffmann "Rücksicht" 94 5
15  Denmark Gry Johansen "Kloden drejer" 16 17
16  Israel Ofra Haza "Hi" 136 2
17  Portugal Armando Gama "Esta balada que te dou" 33 13
18  Austria Westend "Hurricane" 53 9
19  Belgium Pas de Deux "Rendez-vous" 13 18
20  Luxembourg Corinne Hermès "Si la vie est cadeau" 142 1

Spokespersons

Each country nominated a spokesperson who was responsible for announcing the votes for their respective country via telephone. Known spokespersons at the 1983 contest are listed below.

Detailed voting results

Each country had a jury consisting of 11 non-professional jurors who awarded 12, 10, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 point(s) to their top ten songs.[44]

Detailed voting results[45][46]
Total score
France
Norway
United Kingdom
Sweden
Italy
Turkey
Spain
Switzerland
Finland
Greece
Netherlands
Yugoslavia
Cyprus
Germany
Denmark
Israel
Portugal
Austria
Belgium
Luxembourg
Contestants
 France 5631010672344133
Norway 5353681846372
United Kingdom 795512258556352106
Sweden 12661288725101031712108485
Italy 417243128167
Turkey 0
Spain 0
Switzerland 281717615
Finland 411263487721
Greece 32312512
Netherlands 6627164212355243424
Yugoslavia 1258121121012678612101128
Cyprus 264165154
Germany 94101078624110387612
Denmark 1627142
Israel 1368610536773121010710121010
Portugal 3341562627
Austria 533451044436253
Belgium 13481
Luxembourg 1421210128738121121082121258

12 points

Below is a summary of all 12 points in the final:

N. Contestant Nation(s) giving 12 points
6  Luxembourg France,  Greece,  Israel,  Italy,  Portugal,  Yugoslavia
5  Yugoslavia Belgium,  Denmark,  Finland,  Turkey,  United Kingdom
2  Greece Cyprus,  Spain
 Israel Austria,  Netherlands
 Sweden Germany,  Norway
1  Germany Luxembourg
 Netherlands  Switzerland
 United Kingdom Sweden

Broadcasts

Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating EBU member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants". Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers.[47] Host broadcaster BR provided 30 commentator boxes for this purpose.[11]

No official accounts of the global viewing figures are known to exist. Estimates given in the press ranged from 300 to 600 million viewers.[1][48][28]

Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.

Broadcasters and commentators in participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref(s)
 Austria ORF FS2 Ernst Grissemann [49][50]
 Belgium BRT TV1 Luc Appermont [51][52]
RTBF Télé 2 Unknown [51]
 Cyprus CyBC RIK Fryni Papadopoulou [53]
 Denmark DR DR TV Jørgen de Mylius [54]
 Finland YLE TV1 Erkki Pohjanheimo [55]
Rinnakkaisohjelma Markus Similä
 France Antenne 2 Léon Zitrone [56]
 Germany ARD Deutsches Fernsehen Ado Schlier [49][57][33][30][17][58]
BR Bayern 1
HR Frankfurt 1
RIAS RIAS 1
 Greece ERT ERT1 Mako Georgiadou [59][60]
 Israel IBA Israeli Television Unknown [61][62]
Reshet Bet Unknown
 Italy RAI Rete Uno[lower-alpha 3] Paolo Frajese [63][64]
 Luxembourg CLT RTL Télévision Unknown [51]
 Netherlands NOS Nederland 1 Willem Duys [57]
 Norway NRK NRK Fjernsynet Ivar Dyrhaug [65]
NRK[lower-alpha 4] Erik Heyerdahl
 Portugal RTP RTP1 Eládio Clímaco [66][67][68]
Antena 1 Unknown
 Spain TVE TVE 1 José-Miguel Ullán [69][70]
 Sweden SVT TV1 Ulf Elfving [43][55][65][71]
RR SR P3 Kent Finell [43][65]
  Switzerland SRG SSR TV DRS Theodor Haller [49][56][72]
TSR[lower-alpha 5] Georges Hardy
TSI[lower-alpha 5] Giovanni Bertini
 Turkey TRT TRT Televizyon Unknown [73]
 United Kingdom BBC BBC1 Terry Wogan [7][74]
BFBS BFBS Radio Richard Nankivell [7]
 Yugoslavia JRT TV Beograd 1 Unknown [75][76][77]
TV Ljubljana 1 Unknown
TV Zagreb 1 Unknown
Broadcasters and commentators in non-participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref(s)
 Australia SBS Channel 0/28 Terry Wogan [7][78]
 Czechoslovakia ČST ČST2[lower-alpha 6] Unknown [79]
 Iceland RÚV Sjónvarpið Unknown [80]
 Ireland RTÉ RTÉ 1 Terry Wogan [7][81]
RTÉ Radio 1 Unknown [82]
 Poland TP TP1[lower-alpha 7] Unknown [83]


Notes

  1. 1 2 Contains some words in English
  2. ↑ On behalf of the German public broadcasting consortium ARD[10]
  3. ↑ Deferred broadcast at 22:00 CEST (20:00 UTC)[63]
  4. ↑ Deferred broadcast at 22:50 CEST (20:50 UTC)[65]
  5. 1 2 Broadcast through a second audio programme on TV DRS[56]
  6. ↑ Delayed broadcast on 20 May 1983 at 22:00 CEST (20:00 UTC)[79]
  7. ↑ Delayed broadcast on 21 May 1983 at 20:15 CEST (18:15 UTC)[83]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Wach, Gerlinde (22 April 1983). "Arena für 500 Millionen Zuschauer". Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). pp. 13–14. ISSN 0174-4917. OCLC 183207780.
  2. 1 2 Eckert, Christian (19 April 1983). "30 Kilometer Kabel und 99 Lichtflächen". Münchner Merkur (in German). p. 13. OCLC 643892534.
  3. 1 2 Wolf, Oswald (21 April 1983). "Auch ohne Strom gibt's 'Saft' beim Grand Prix". tz (in German). p. 13. OCLC 225542327.
  4. 1 2 Utermöhle, Elna (25 April 1983). "Warum hielt OB Kiesl keine Begrüßungsrede?". Münchner Merkur (in German). p. 18. OCLC 643892534.
  5. ↑ "Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest". Best Irish Facts. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
  6. ↑ "Participants of Munich 1983". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Roxburgh, Gordon (2017). Songs For Europe - The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Volume Three: The 1980s. UK: Telos Publishing. pp. 165–180. ISBN 978-1-84583-118-9.
  8. ↑ "1983 – 28th edition". diggiloo.net. Archived from the original on 22 March 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  9. ↑ "Detailed overview: conductors in 1983". And the conductor is... Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  10. ↑ "Alle deutschen ESC-Acts und ihre Titel" [All German ESC acts and their songs]. www.eurovision.de (in German). ARD. Archived from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Wolf, Oswald (21 April 1983). "Auch ohne Strom gibt's 'Saft' beim Grand Prix". tz (in German). p. 13. OCLC 225542327.
  12. ↑ Goslich, Lorenz (23 April 1983). "Nicole wurde ein teures Mädchen für das Fernsehen". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). p. 13. ISSN 0174-4909. OCLC 644830569.
  13. 1 2 "Meinung aller Teilnehmer: Ein 'Grand Prix' für Bayerns Gastfreundschaft". tz (in German). 25 April 1983. 10. OCLC 225542327.
  14. ↑ Fischer, Otto (8 October 1982). "Stadt bei Selbstdarstellung zu großzügig". Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). p. 15. ISSN 0174-4917. OCLC 183207780.
  15. 1 2 Jalowy, Stefan (19 April 1983). "Ein "Fremder" ist in München heißer Favorit". Abendzeitung (in German). p. 4. ISSN 0177-5367. OCLC 1367315706.
  16. 1 2 3 Eurovision Song Contest 1983 (Television production) (in German). Munich: Bayerischer Rundfunk. 23 April 1983.
  17. 1 2 3 Heller, Erich (25 April 1983). "Langeweile vor dem Grill". tz (in German). p. 11. OCLC 225542327.
  18. ↑ Seipel, Rainer-R. (19 April 1983). "Countdown zum Grand Prix: 500 000 000 sind dabei". tz (in German). p. 3. OCLC 225542327.
  19. ↑ "Sternchen im Fünfseenland". Süddeutsche Zeitung. Hauptausgabe München (in German). 21 April 1983. p. ROM (Landkreis Starnberg) VI. ISSN 0174-4917. OCLC 183207780.
  20. ↑ "Dampfer voller Schlager-Stars". tz (in German). 20 April 1983. p. 1. OCLC 225542327.
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  23. ↑ "Strauß über den Grand Prix". Abendzeitung (in German). 20 April 1983. p. 27. ISSN 0177-5367. OCLC 1367315706.
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  31. 1 2 Eurovision 1983 facts
  32. ↑ Boom-Bang-a-Bang: Eurovision's Funniest Moments, BBC-TV, hosted by Terry Wogan
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  54. ↑ "Programoversigt" (in Danish). LARM.fm. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  55. 1 2 "Radio · TV". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). 23 April 1983. p. 59. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
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  57. 1 2 "Radio televisie". Algemeen Dagblad (in Dutch). Rotterdam, Netherlands. 23 April 1983. p. 9. Retrieved 13 January 2023 – via Delpher.
  58. ↑ "Radioprogramm". Bild + Funk (in German). No. 16/1983. 23 April 1983. p. 95. OCLC 643528928.
  59. ↑ "TV – Sabbato, 23" TV – Σάββατο, 23 (PDF). Laos (in Greek). Veria, Greece. 23 April 1983. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023 – via Public Central Library of Veria.
  60. ↑ "Eurovision 2020: Giorgos Kapoutzidis -Maria Kozakou ston scholiasmo tou diagonismou gia tin ERT" Eurovision 2020: Γιώργος Καπουτζίδης -Μαρία Κοζάκου στον σχολιασμό του διαγωνισμού για την ΕΡΤ (in Greek). Matrix24. 12 February 2020. Archived from the original on 14 February 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  61. ↑ "Shabat – Televizia" שבת – טלוויזיה. Davar (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv, Israel. 22 April 1983. p. 67. Retrieved 13 January 2023 – via National Library of Israel.
  62. ↑ "Radio Shabat – 23.4.83" רדיו שבת – 23.4.83. Davar (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv, Israel. 22 April 1983. p. 69. Retrieved 13 January 2023 – via National Library of Israel.
  63. 1 2 "Alle televisioni". La Stampa (in Italian). Turin, Italy. 23 April 1983. p. 17. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  64. ↑ "In poltrona davati alla TV". Stampa Sera (in Italian). Turin, Italy. 23 April 1983. p. 34. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  65. 1 2 3 4 "Radio og TV i helgen". Tønsbergs Blad (in Norwegian). Tønsberg, Norway. 24 April 1982. p. 31. Retrieved 13 January 2023 – via National Library of Norway.
  66. ↑ "Televisão – Hoje". Diário de Lisboa (in Portuguese). Lisbon, Portugal. 23 April 1983. p. 17. Retrieved 13 January 2023 – via Casa Comum.
  67. ↑ "Rádio". Diário de Lisboa (in Portuguese). Lisbon, Portugal. 23 April 1983. p. 18. Retrieved 13 January 2023 – via Casa Comum.
  68. ↑ Firmino, Tiago (7 April 2018). "O número do dia. Quantos festivais comentou Eládio Clímaco na televisão portuguesa?" (in Portuguese). N-TV. Archived from the original on 4 November 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  69. ↑ "Televisión/Radio". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). Barcelona, Spain. 23 April 1983. p. 62. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  70. ↑ HerGar, Paula (28 March 2018). "Todos los comentaristas de la historia de España en Eurovisión (y una única mujer en solitario)" (in Spanish). Los 40. Archived from the original on 26 September 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  71. ↑ "Sweden – Munich 1983". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  72. ↑ "Die Kommentatoren wollten ihre Koffer packen". Bild+Funk (in German). Ismaning, Germany: Gong Verlag. 29 April 1983. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  73. ↑ "Televizyon". Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. 23 April 1983. p. 4. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  74. ↑ "Eurovision Song Contest 1983 – BBC1". Radio Times. 23 April 1983. Retrieved 13 January 2023 – via BBC Genome Project.
  75. ↑ "Jugoszláv televízió – szombat április 23". Rádió- és Televízió-újság (in Hungarian). 18 April 1983. p. 27. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023 – via MTVA Archívum.
  76. ↑ "Televizijski spored – sobota 23. IV" (PDF). Dolenjski list (in Slovenian). Novo Mesto, SR Slovenia, Yugoslavia. 23 April 1982. p. 10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 November 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  77. ↑ "TV – subota". Slobodna Dalmacija (in Serbo-Croatian). Split, SR Croatia, Yugoslavia. 23 April 1983. p. 14. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  78. ↑ "Australia". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 2 November 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  79. 1 2 "Csehszlovák televízió – péntek május 21". Rádió- és Televízió-újság (in Hungarian). 16 May 1983. p. 21. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023 – via MTVA Archívum.
  80. ↑ "Sjónvarp – Laugardagur 23. apríl". DV (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland. 22 April 1983. p. 19. Retrieved 13 January 2023 – via Timarit.is.
  81. ↑ "RTÉ 1 – Saturday". The Irish Times Weekend. 24 April 1982. p. 8. Retrieved 22 December 2022. (subscription required)
  82. ↑ "RTÉ Radio 1". The Irish Times Weekend. 24 April 1982. p. 7. Retrieved 22 December 2022. (subscription required)
  83. 1 2 "Program telewizji – sobota". Dziennik Polski (in Polish). Kraków, Poland. 20 May 1983. p. 7. Retrieved 14 January 2023 – via Digital Library of Małopolska.
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