ΚΕΦΑΛΗΞΘ
A silhouette of an angel surrounded by clocks and other miscellaneous objects as border icons.
Studio album by
Ministry
ReleasedJuly 14, 1992
Recorded1991–1992
Studio
GenreIndustrial metal
Length44:41
LabelSire
Producer
Ministry chronology
In Case You Didn't Feel Like Showing Up
(1990)		 ΚΕΦΑΛΗΞΘ
(1992)		 Filth Pig
(1996)
Singles from Psalm 69
  1. "Jesus Built My Hotrod"
    Released: November 7, 1991
  2. "N.W.O."
    Released: July 1992
  3. "Just One Fix"
    Released: January 21, 1993

ΚΕΦΑΛΗΞΘ (commonly known as Psalm 69) is the fifth studio album by American industrial metal band Ministry, released on July 14, 1992, by Sire Records. It was produced by frontman Al Jourgensen and bassist Paul Barker, and was recorded from March 1991 to May 1992 in Chicago, Illinois and Lake Geneva, Wisconsin. The album's title, initially intended to be The Tapes of Wrath, ended up being derived from Aleister Crowley's The Book of Lies.

Psalm 69 features elements of speed metal, rockabilly, and psychobilly, with lyrics exploring social, political, and religious topics. With much anticipation following the success of Ministry's previous album The Mind Is a Terrible Thing to Taste (1989), pressures on the band were said to be high, in addition to the growing substance abuse of several members and worsening relationships between them. It was also the first time Mike Scaccia had been significantly involved in a Ministry album, after appearing on tours in support of The Mind....

Preceded by lead single "Jesus Built My Hotrod", Psalm 69 was a critical and commercial success upon its release, peaking at number 27 on the US Billboard 200 and number 33 on the UK Albums Chart. It was supported by two more singles: "N.W.O." and "Just One Fix", with accompanying music videos directed by Peter Christopherson. Psalm 69 is considered to be Ministry's most successful album, having been certified gold in Canada and Australia, and platinum in the US. Following its release, Ministry joined the second annual Lollapalooza tour before commencing a tour through Europe and the US; "N.W.O.", "Just One Fix", and the title track have become permanent features of the band's live setlist. "N.W.O." was nominated for the Best Metal Performance at the 35th Annual Grammy Awards.

Background and recording

In March 1991, following the conclusion of the year-long tour in support of Revolting Cocks album Beers, Steers, and Queers, Al Jourgensen returned with his bandmates at Chicago Trax! studios, to work on Ministry's next major release.[1][2][3] Jourgensen claimed that the record company Warner Bros. Records (to which Ministry were signed via their subsidiary, Sire Records) initially gave the band an enormous budget[lower-alpha 1] expecting a follow-up to The Mind... to become a big hit compared with Michael Jackson's album Thriller; actually, Jourgensen, as he claimed in 2013, with his then wife Patty (née Marsh) and guitarist Mike Scaccia spent most of the budget on drugs, paying $1,000 per day.[4][9][10] Meanwhile, the first Lollapalooza tour had arrived in Chicago in early August 1991. Jourgensen went backstage attending a show by the band Butthole Surfers. After the gig, he had invited Butthole Surfers' singer Gibby Haynes to Chicago Trax! to record what became the vocals and spoken word parts for the song "Jesus Built My Hotrod".[6]: 55 [1][7][4][11] While finishing "Jesus Built My Hotrod", Jourgensen was contacted by Sire/Warner Bros. executives, who asked if he had any completed material. Jourgensen sent them "Jesus Built My Hotrod" since it was the only song recorded by this time. While the label was not happy with just having "Jesus Built My Hotrod", Jourgensen told them either to give another advance for further work or sign the band off. The label was doubtful if the band would record anything else, but decided to release "Jesus Built My Hotrod"; following its success, they gave the band necessary budget, with the condition that the band would eventually finish the record.[4][12]

Besides drug problems, there was also growing animosity between the band's members, divided into two groups: while one group included Jourgensen and Scaccia, another—dubbed "the Book Club" by Jourgensen—included bassist Paul Barker, drummer Bill Rieflin and guest/live singer Chris Connelly.[13] Jourgensen claimed that he and Scaccia added their parts separately from Barker, Rieflin and Connelly; once Jourgensen and Scaccia would come in, they erased about 80 percent of what the Book Club associates did.[14]

The last songs included for the album, the instrumental tracks "Corrosion" and "Grace", were written mainly by Barker and recorded in February–March 1992;[15] the album's last session was held on May 7, 1992.[1] Over 15 months were spent on the recording, however, only nine of about 30 songs made its way onto the final cut, with the rest being distributed to side projects.[6]: 53 [7]

Etymology

The title of the album is linked to chapter 69 of The Book of Lies, a written work of Aleister Crowley, where he uses the expression "The way to succeed and the way to suck eggs" as a pun for the 69 sex position ("suck seed" and "suck eggs"). Moreover, Crowley titled the chapter ΚΕΦΑΛΗΞΘ (which translates literally as "shrugged" and contains the sound ΛΗΞ "licks") but has a second meaning as a compound of Greek κεφαλη ("head") and Ξ Θ (an encoded alphabetic reference to "69") which both have slang meanings in English for sexual acts.

Subsequent to the album's release, Ministry put multiple references to the number 69 in future albums. For example, the albums Dark Side of the Spoon and Houses of the Molé both have hidden tracks at track #69. A further reference to the number was exhibited on Houses of the Mole with a hidden track at #23 titled "Psalm 23", one third of 69.

Cover art

The cover art depicts a silhouette of an angel surrounded by clocks and other miscellaneous objects as border icons. It was designed by photographer Paul Elledge who conceived the layout after Jourgensen handed him a copy of Aleister Crowley's 1918 The Book of Lies. The final cover image was a triple exposure of three images on one piece of film. The angel was a model from Chicago's Art Institute, who was wearing angel wings crafted by the artist's wife at the time. It took Elledge a week to complete the cover art.[16]

Reception

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[17]
Encyclopedia of Popular Music[18]
Entertainment WeeklyA−[19]
Kerrang![20]
Los Angeles Times[21]
Q[22]
Rolling Stone[23]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide[24]
Spin Alternative Record Guide8/10[25]
The Village VoiceA−[26]

Psalm 69 was ranked No. 80 on the Rolling Stone's "Top 100 Greatest Metal Albums of All Time" list, with author Suzy Exposito concluding that "the result of the album was a manic drag race into a swampy hellmouth of thrash Americana – and it worked".[27] The album was also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.[28]

Accolades

"N.W.O." was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance at the Grammy Awards of 1993, but lost to Nine Inch Nails' "Wish".[29]

Legacy

Video game composer Frank Klepacki cited Psalm 69 album as a primary influence in creating the soundtrack for the 1995 video game Command & Conquer.[30]

Track listing

All songs credited to Ministry, except noted.[31] Writing credits taken from ASCAP and BMI databases.[32][33]

No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."N.W.O."
5:31
2."Just One Fix"
5:11
3."TV II"
3:04
4."Hero"
  • Jourgensen
  • Barker
  • Rieflin
4:13
5."Jesus Built My Hotrod" (featuring Gibby Haynes)
4:51
6."Scarecrow"
  • Jourgensen
  • Barker
  • Scaccia
  • Rieflin
  • Balch
8:21
7."Psalm 69"
  • Jourgensen
  • Barker
5:29
8."Corrosion"
  • Jourgensen
  • Barker
4:56
9."Grace"
  • Jourgensen
  • Barker
  • Howie Beno
3:05

Charts and certifications

Certifications

Year Country Award Copies sold
1992 Canada[42] Gold 50,000
1993 United States[43] Gold 500,000
1995 Platinum 1,000,000
2006 Australia[44] Gold 35,000

Personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of the album.[31]

Notes

  1. ↑ In 2013, Jourgensen claimed that Psalm 69's initial budget was $750,000, with $750,000 added during further production.[4][5] Contemporaneous 1990s articles on Ministry estimated Psalm 69's overall bill being three times over budget, with $329,000 being spent.[6]: 53 [7][8]

References

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 Punter, Jenine (November 1992). "Ministry: The Medium Is The Message" (scan). Spotlight. Music Express. Vol. 17, no. 177. p. 12 – via Prongs.org archive.
  2. ↑ "An Interview with Mr. Michael Balch". Last Sigh (Interview). Interviewed by Kim Alexander. September 24, 1999. Archived from the original on May 14, 2003. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
  3. ↑ Jourgensen & Wiederhorn 2013, p. 220: "[Mike Scaccia]: I came in right after the Mind was recorded, and after the tour we went to work on Psalm 69."
  4. 1 2 3 4 Dan MacIntosh (February 18, 2012). "Al Jourgensen of Ministry". Songfacts. Retrieved March 4, 2018.
  5. ↑ Jourgensen & Wiederhorn 2013, pp. 129–130, 132.
  6. 1 2 3 Gitter, Mike (October 1992). "Ministry". Pulse!. pp. 53–55. Retrieved May 18, 2018 – via Prongs.org archive.
  7. 1 2 3 Greene 1993, p. 40.
  8. ↑ Reed, S. Alexander (2013). Assimilate: A Critical History of Industrial Music. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 276. ISBN 9780199832606 – via Google Books.
  9. ↑ Jourgensen & Wiederhorn 2013, pp. 129–130.
  10. ↑ Acharya, Kiran (April 27, 2016). "Revolting Lots: Al Jourgensen's Favourite Ministry Albums". The Quietus. p. 7. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  11. ↑ Jourgensen & Wiederhorn 2013, pp. 131, 159–160.
  12. ↑ Jourgensen & Wiederhorn 2013, p. 132.
  13. ↑ Jourgensen & Wiederhorn 2013, pp. 130, 132.
  14. ↑ Jourgensen & Wiederhorn 2013, p. 133: "[...] The routine was the same as before. Mikey and I would go into the studio and record stuff all night, and then we'd leave. Then the Book Club would come in and add their parts. The next day we'd come in and erase 80 percent of what they'd done and continue what we were doing. It got really tense."
  15. ↑ Pettigrew, Jason (October 1992). "Ministry's Meddle in Metal" (scans). Alternative Press. No. 51. Photo by Lisa Johnson. pp. 27–29. ISSN 1065-1667 – via Prongs.org archive.
  16. ↑ Bennett, J. (December 2013). "Ministry's 'Psalm 69': The Story Behind The Cover Art". Revolver Magazine. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  17. ↑ Raggett, Ned. "Psalm 69: The Way to Succeed and the Way to Suck Eggs – Ministry". AllMusic. Archived from the original on June 20, 2012. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
  18. ↑ Larkin, Colin (2011). The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (5th concise ed.). Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-85712-595-8.
  19. ↑ DiMartino, Dave (July 31, 1992). "Psalm 69". Entertainment Weekly. No. 129. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
  20. ↑ Kaye, Don (July 11, 1992). "Ministry 'Psalm 69: The Way to Succeed and the Way to Suck Eggs'". Kerrang!. No. 400. London, UK: EMAP.
  21. ↑ Gold, Jonathan (July 12, 1992). "Ministry Crosses Over..." Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
  22. ↑ "Ministry: Psalm 69: The Way to Succeed and the Way to Suck Eggs". Q. No. 72. September 1992. p. 78.
  23. ↑ "Ministry: Psalm 69: The Way to Succeed and the Way to Suck Eggs". Rolling Stone. September 17, 1992. p. 91.
  24. ↑ McLeod, Kembrew (2004). "Ministry". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). Simon & Schuster. pp. 544-5. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
  25. ↑ Weisbard, Eric; Marks, Craig, eds. (1995). "Ministry". Spin Alternative Record Guide. New York: Vintage Books. pp. 250–251. ISBN 0-679-75574-8.
  26. ↑ Christgau, Robert (October 20, 1992). "Consumer Guide". The Village Voice. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
  27. ↑ "The 100 Greatest Metal Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. June 21, 2017.
  28. ↑ Andrew Tijs (2005). "Ministry: Psalm 69 (1992)". In Robert Dimery; Michael Lydon (eds.). 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. Universe. p. 695. ISBN 0789313715.
  29. ↑ Blabbermouth.net (December 4, 2008). "MINISTRY Mainman Comments On Fifth GRAMMY Nomination - Dec. 4, 2008". Blabbermouth.net. Warner Music Group. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
  30. ↑ Klepacki, Frank [@FrankKlepacki] (August 19, 2016). "Industrial Music" (Tweet). Retrieved August 27, 2016 – via Twitter.
  31. 1 2 ΚΕΦΑΛΗΞΘ (CD booklet). Ministry. Sire Records. 1992. 9 26727-2.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  32. ↑ "Ministry". American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
  33. ↑ "BMI | Repertoire Search". repertoire.bmi.com. BMI. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
  34. ↑ Ryan, Gavin (2011). Australia's Music Charts 1988–2010 (PDF ed.). Mt Martha, Victoria, Australia: Moonlight Publishing. p. 189.
  35. ↑ "Offizielle Deutsche Charts" (in German). offiziellecharts.de. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
  36. ↑ charts.org.nz (2012). "MINISTRY - ΚΕΦΑΛΗΞΘ (PSALM 69) (ALBUM)". charts.nz. Hung Medien. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
  37. ↑ "The Official Charts Company – Ministry | full Official Chart History". Official Charts Company. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
  38. ↑ "Ministry Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
  39. ↑ Billboard.com (2012). "Chart History". Billboard. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
  40. ↑ "Ministry Chart History (Dance Singles Sales)". Billboard. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
  41. ↑ Official Charts Company (2012). "MINISTRY". Official Charts Company. The Official UK Charts Company. Archived from the original on January 4, 2013. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
  42. ↑ "Gold & Platinum Certification". Canadian Recording Industry Association. Archived from the original on May 28, 2012.
  43. ↑ "Gold & Platinum Search "Ministry"". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
  44. ↑ "ARIA Charts - Accreditations - 2006 Albums". Australian Recording Industry Association.

Bibliography

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