e
hiragana
japanese hiragana e
katakana
japanese katakana e
transliteratione
hiragana origin
katakana origin
Man'yōgana衣 依 愛 榎 曳 延 要 遥 叡 兄 江 吉 枝
spelling kana英語のエ
(Eigo no "e")
Note: The Man'yōgana represented either the "E" or "Ye" syllable, which merged in later pronunciation

In Japanese writing, the kana (hiragana) and (katakana) (romanised e) occupy the fourth place, between and , in the modern Gojūon (五十音) system of collating kana. In the Iroha, they occupy the 34th, between and . In the table at right (ordered by columns, from right to left), え lies in the first column (あ行, "column A") and the fourth row (え段, "row E"). Both represent [e].

Form Rōmaji Hiragana Katakana
Normal a/i/u/e/o
(あ行 a-gyō)
e
ei
ee
ē
えい, えぃ
ええ, えぇ
えー
エイ, エィ
エエ, エェ
エー

Derivation

え and エ originate, via man'yōgana, from the kanji and , respectively.

The archaic kana (we), as well as many non-initial occurrences of the character (he), have entered the modern Japanese language as え. The directional particle へ is today pronounced "e", though not written as え. Compare this to (ha) and (wo), which are pronounced "wa" and "o" when used as grammatical particles.

For the kana romanized sometimes as "e", see we (kana).

Variant forms

Scaled-down versions of the kana (ぇ, ェ) are used to express morae foreign to the Japanese language, such as ヴェ (ve). In several Okinawan writing systems, a small ぇ is also combined with the kana く(ku) and ふ (fu or hu) to form the digraphs くぇ kwe and ふぇ hwe.

Transliteration

In the Hepburn, Kunrei-shiki and Nihon-shiki systems of romanization, both え and エ are transliterated as "e". In the Polivanov system of cyrillization, the kana are transliterated as "э".

Stroke order

Stroke order in writing え
Stroke order in writing え
Stroke order in writing エ
Stroke order in writing エ
Stroke order in writing え
Stroke order in writing え

The hiragana え is made with two strokes:

  1. At the top, a short diagonal stroke proceeding downward and to the right.
  2. At the bottom, a stroke composed of a horizontal line, a diagonal proceeding downward and to the left, and a rightward stroke resembling a tilde (~).
Stroke order in writing エ
Stroke order in writing エ

The katakana エ is made with three strokes:

  1. At the top, a horizontal stroke from left to right.
  2. A downward vertical stroke starting in the center of the first stroke.
  3. At the bottom, a horizontal stroke parallel to the first stroke, and touching the second. This stroke is usually slightly longer than the first.

This is also the way to make the Latin letter "I" (although the correct upper case form does not look like the lower case Latin letter "l")

Other communicative representations

  • Full Braille representation
え / エ in Japanese Braille
え / エ
e
えい / エー
ē/ei
⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) ⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) ⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)
Character information
Preview
Unicode name HIRAGANA LETTER E KATAKANA LETTER E HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER E CIRCLED KATAKANA E
Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechex
Unicode12360U+304812456U+30A865396U+FF7413011U+32D3
UTF-8227 129 136E3 81 88227 130 168E3 82 A8239 189 180EF BD B4227 139 147E3 8B 93
Numeric character referenceええエエエエ㋓㋓
Shift JIS[1]130 16682 A6131 7183 47180B4
EUC-JP[2]164 168A4 A8165 168A5 A8142 1808E B4
GB 18030[3]164 168A4 A8165 168A5 A8132 49 151 5484 31 97 36129 57 209 5781 39 D1 39
EUC-KR[4] / UHC[5]170 168AA A8171 168AB A8
Big5 (non-ETEN kana)[6]198 172C6 AC199 64C7 40
Big5 (ETEN / HKSCS)[7]198 238C6 EE199 164C7 A4
Character information
Preview
Unicode name HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL E KATAKANA LETTER SMALL E HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SMALL E
Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechex
Unicode12359U+304712455U+30A765386U+FF6A
UTF-8227 129 135E3 81 87227 130 167E3 82 A7239 189 170EF BD AA
Numeric character referenceぇぇェェェェ
Shift JIS[1]130 16582 A5131 7083 46170AA
EUC-JP[2]164 167A4 A7165 167A5 A7142 1708E AA
GB 18030[3]164 167A4 A7165 167A5 A7132 49 150 5484 31 96 36
EUC-KR[4] / UHC[5]170 167AA A7171 167AB A7
Big5 (non-ETEN kana)[6]198 171C6 AB198 254C6 FE
Big5 (ETEN / HKSCS)[7]198 237C6 ED199 163C7 A3
Character information
Preview𛀀𛀁
Unicode name KATAKANA LETTER ARCHAIC E HIRAGANA LETTER ARCHAIC YE
Encodingsdecimalhexdechex
Unicode110592U+1B000110593U+1B001
UTF-8240 155 128 128F0 9B 80 80240 155 128 129F0 9B 80 81
UTF-1655340 56320D82C DC0055340 56321D82C DC01
Numeric character reference𛀀𛀀𛀁𛀁

References

  1. 1 2 Unicode Consortium (2015-12-02) [1994-03-08]. "Shift-JIS to Unicode".
  2. 1 2 Unicode Consortium; IBM. "EUC-JP-2007". International Components for Unicode.
  3. 1 2 Standardization Administration of China (SAC) (2005-11-18). GB 18030-2005: Information Technology—Chinese coded character set.
  4. 1 2 Unicode Consortium; IBM. "IBM-970". International Components for Unicode.
  5. 1 2 Steele, Shawn (2000). "cp949 to Unicode table". Microsoft / Unicode Consortium.
  6. 1 2 Unicode Consortium (2015-12-02) [1994-02-11]. "BIG5 to Unicode table (complete)".
  7. 1 2 van Kesteren, Anne. "big5". Encoding Standard. WHATWG.
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