1800 United States census
August 4, 1800 (1800-08-04)
Seal of the United States Marshals Service, which administered the census
General information
CountryUnited States
AuthorityOffice of the United States Marshal
Results
Total population5,308,483 (Increase 35.1%)
Most populous ​stateVirginia
886,149
Least populous ​stateDelaware
64,273

The 1800 United States census was the second census conducted in the United States. It was conducted on August 4, 1800. It showed that 5,308,483 people were living in the United States, of whom 893,602 were enslaved. The 1800 census included the new District of Columbia. The census for the following states were lost: Georgia, Kentucky, New Jersey, Tennessee, and Virginia.

Census questions

The 1800 census asks the following information in columns, left to right:[1]

Column Title
1Name of the head
2Number of free white males under age 10
3Number of free white males of age 10 and under 16
4Number of free white males of age 16 and under 26
5Number of free white males of age 26 and under 45
6Number of free white males of age 45 and over.
7Number of free white females under age 10
8Number of free white females of age 10 and under 16
9Number of free white females of age 16 and under 26
10Number of free white females of age 26 and under 45
11Number of free white females of age 45 and over.
12Number of all other free persons
13Number of slaves

This census is one of the several for which some of the original data are no longer available. Original census returns for Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, New Jersey, Tennessee, and Virginia were lost over the years.[2]

Data availability

No microdata from the 1800 population census are available, but aggregate data for small areas, together with compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System.

State and regional populations

District Free white males under age 10, Free white males age 10–16 Free white males age 16–26 Free white males age 26–45 Free white males over age 45 Free white females under age 10 Free white females age 10–16 Free white females age 16–26 Free white females age 26–45 Free white females over age 45 All other free persons Slaves Total
New Hampshire 30,694 14,881 16,379 17,589 11,715 29,871 14,193 17,153 18,381 12,142 852 8 183,858
Massachusetts 63,646 32,507 37,905 39,729 31,348 60,920 30,674 40,491 43,833 35,340 6,452 0 422,845
Maine 27,970 12,305 12,900 15,318 8,339 26,899 11,338 13,295 14,496 8,041 818 0 151,719
Connecticut 37,946 19,408 21,683 23,180 18,976 35,736 18,218 23,561 25,186 20,827 5,330 951 251,002
Vermont 29,420 12,046 13,242 16,544 8,076 28,272 11,366 12,606 15,287 7,049 557 0 154,465
Rhode Island 9,945 5,352 5,889 5,785 4,887 9,524 5,026 6,463 6,919 5,648 3,304 380 69,122
New York (excluding Duchess, Ulster, Orange counties) 83,161 36,953 40,045 52,454 25,497 79,154 32,822 39,086 47,710 23,161 8,573 15,602 484,065
New York (Duchess, Ulster, Orange counties) 16,936 7,320 9,230 9,140 6,358 16,319 6,649 9,030 8,701 5,490 1,801 5,011 101,985
New Jersey 33,900 15,859 16,301 19,956 12,629 32,622 14,827 17,018 19,533 11,600 4,402 12,422 211,149
Pennsylvania (eastern district) 52,767 24,438 29,393 33,864 20,824 51,176 23,427 29,879 30,892 19,329 11,253 557 327,979
Pennsylvania (western district) 50,459 21,623 24,869 25,469 17,761 48,448 20,362 24,095 22,954 14,066 3,311 1,149 274,566
Delaware 8,250 4,437 5,121 5,012 2,213 7,628 4,277 5,543 4,981 2,390 8,268 6,153 64,273
Maryland (including Washington County in the District of Columbia[a], but excluding parts of Baltimore County) 33,520 16,581 20,560 22,169 12,617 32,463 15,718 21,506 20,363 11,240 18,646 102,465 317,348
Maryland (additional return for Baltimore County) 567 226 318 343 249 517 222 375 318 199 41 847 4,276
Virginia (eastern district) 57,837 25,998 32,444 34,588 19,087 54,597 25,469 34,807 32,641 18,821 13,194 322,199 676,682
Virginia (western district) 34,601 14,502 16,264 15,674 11,134 32,726 13,366 15,923 3,632 15,169 1,930 23,597 203,518
Virginia (Alexandria and part of Fairfax County in the District of Columbia[a]) 889 320 483 557 221 670 313 479 473 189 383 1,172 5,949
North Carolina 63,118 27,073 31,560 31,209 18,688 59,074 25,874 32,989 30,665 17,514 7,043 133,296 478,103
South Carolina 37,411 16,156 17,761 19,344 10,244 34,664 15,857 18,145 17,236 9,437 3,185 146,151 345,591
Georgia 19,841 8,469 9,787 10,914 4,957 18,407 7,914 9,243 8,835 3,894 1,919 59,699 162,686
Kentucky 37,274 14,045 15,705 17,699 9,238 34,949 13,433 15,524 14,934 7,075 741 40,343 220,959
Northwest Territory 9,362 3,647 4,636 4,833 1,955 8,644 3,353 3,861 3,342 1,395 337 0 45,365
Indiana Territory 854 347 466 645 262 791 280 424 393 115 163 135 5,641[b]
Mississippi Territory 999 356 482 780 290 953 376 352 462 165 182 3,489 8,850
District Free white males under age 10 Free white males age 10–16 Free white males age 16–26 Free white males age 26–45 Free white males over age 45 Free white females under age 10 Free white females age 10–16 Free white females age 16–26 Free white females age 26–45 Free white females over age 45 All other free persons Slaves Total
Uncorrected Total 741,367 334,849 383,423 422,795 257,526 705,024 315,354 391,848 392,167 250,296 102,685 875,626 5,172,312
Tennessee[c] 19,227 7,194 8,282 8,352 4,125 18,450 7,042 8,554 6,992 3,491 309 13,584 105,602
Maryland corrected[d] 36,751 17,743 21,929 23,553 13,712 34,703 16,787 22,915 21,725 12,180 19,987 107,707 349,692
Corrected Total 763,288 359,792 392,765 432,979 262,497 725,197 323,243 401,436 400,203 254,524 104,294 893,605 5,305,982

^ a: At the time of the 1800 census, the territory donated to form the District of Columbia was still being administered by the states of Maryland and Virginia. The state of Maryland included the population of the District under its control within its own return. The population of the District of Columbia within Maryland was 8,144 persons, including 5,672 whites, 400 free blacks, and 2,472 enslaved persons.[3]

^ b: Persons 766 added to the particular items of this return.

^ c: This return has been received since the communication of the above Aggregate to Congress.

^ d: This return has also been since received, and is stated by the Marshal to be more correct than the first.[4]

City populations

RankCityStatePopulation[5][6]Region (2016)[7]
01New YorkNew York60,515Northeast
02PhiladelphiaPennsylvania41,220Northeast
03BaltimoreMaryland26,514South
04BostonMassachusetts24,937Northeast
05CharlestonSouth Carolina18,824South
06Northern LibertiesPennsylvania10,718Northeast
07SouthwarkPennsylvania9,621Northeast
08SalemMassachusetts9,457Northeast
09ProvidenceRhode Island7,614Northeast
10LivingstonNew York7,405Northeast
11NorfolkVirginia6,926South
12NewportRhode Island6,739Northeast
13CambridgeNew York6,187Northeast
14FishkillNew York6,168Northeast
15NewburyportMassachusetts5,946Northeast
16RichmondVirginia5,737South
17NantucketMassachusetts5,617Northeast
18StoningtonConnecticut5,437Northeast
19PortsmouthNew Hampshire5,339Northeast
20GloucesterMassachusetts5,313Northeast
21AlbanyNew York5,289Northeast
21SchenectadyNew York5,289Northeast
23MarbleheadMassachusetts5,211Northeast
24ClintonNew York5,208Northeast
25BridgewaterMassachusetts5,200Northeast
26CanaanNew York5,157Northeast
27New LondonConnecticut5,150Northeast
28NorwalkConnecticut5,146Northeast
28SavannahGeorgia5,146South
30MiddletownConnecticut5,001Northeast
31WatervlietNew York4,992Northeast
32AlexandriaDistrict of Columbia[8]4,971South
33StephentownNew York4,968Northeast
34TroyNew York4,926Northeast
35HartfordConnecticut4,802Northeast
36RehobothMassachusetts4,743Northeast
37ParisNew York4,721Northeast
38HillsdaleNew York4,702Northeast
39CoxsackieNew York4,676Northeast
40KingstonNew York4,615Northeast
41ArgyleNew York4,597Northeast
42RensselaervilleNew York4,560Northeast
43Oyster BayNew York4,548Northeast
44MiddleboroughMassachusetts4,458Northeast
45ClaverackNew York4,414Northeast
46PetersburghNew York4,412Northeast
47LymeConnecticut4,380Northeast
48New BedfordMassachusetts4,361Northeast
49KinderhookNew York4,348Northeast
50GrotonConnecticut4,302Northeast
51LancasterPennsylvania4,292Northeast
52LitchfieldConnecticut4,285Northeast
53PawlingNew York4,269Northeast
54OtsegoNew York4,224Northeast
55WhitestownNew York4,212Northeast
56South HempsteadNew York4,141Northeast
57MontgomeryNew York4,106Northeast
58NewburyMassachusetts4,076Northeast
59New HavenConnecticut4,049Northeast
60BrookhavenNew York4,022Northeast
60RhinebeckNew York4,022Northeast
62GlocesterRhode Island4,009Northeast
63WethersfieldConnecticut3,992Northeast
64JohnstownNew York3,932Northeast
65HuntingtonNew York3,894Northeast
66BeverlyMassachusetts3,881Northeast
67TauntonMassachusetts3,860Northeast
68HalfmoonNew York3,851Northeast
69WarwickNew York3,816Northeast
70FreeholdNew York3,812Northeast
71BeekmanNew York3,756Northeast
72GilmantonNew Hampshire3,752Northeast
73FairfieldConnecticut3,735Northeast
74BethlehemNew York3,733Northeast
75ChathamNew York3,716Northeast
76PortlandMassachusetts[9]3,704Northeast
77WellsMassachusetts[9]3,692Northeast
78SchodackNew York3,688Northeast
79SouthamptonNew York3,670Northeast
80EarlPennsylvania3,669Northeast
81HudsonNew York3,664Northeast
82LebanonConnecticut3,652Northeast
83GuilfordConnecticut3,597Northeast
84WallkillNew York3,592Northeast
85MinisinkNew York3,584Northeast
86MiltonNew York3,553Northeast
87PlymouthMassachusetts3,524Northeast
88PetersburgVirginia3,521South
89PalatineNew York3,512Northeast
90BerneNew York3,486Northeast
91PittstownNew York3,483Northeast
92NorwichConnecticut3,476Northeast
93GreenbushNew York3,472Northeast
94PrestonConnecticut3,440Northeast
95South KingstownRhode Island3,438Northeast
96FalmouthMassachusetts[9]3,422Northeast
97EveshamNew Jersey3,381Northeast
98SaybrookConnecticut3,363Northeast
99AureliusNew York3,312Northeast
100IpswichMassachusetts3,305Northeast

References

  1. ↑ "1800 Census Questions". Archived from the original on April 27, 2010. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
  2. ↑ Dollarhide, William (2001). The Census Book: A Genealogists Guide to Federal Census Facts, Schedules and Indexes. North Salt Lake, Utah: HeritageQuest. p. 8.
  3. ↑ "District of Columbia – Race and Hispanic Origin: 1800 to 1990" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. September 13, 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 4, 2011. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
  4. ↑ "Enumeration of Persons in the several districts of The United States" (PDF). 1800. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 11, 2010. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
  5. ↑ Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, U.S. Census Bureau, 1998
  6. ↑ "Population of Connecticut Towns 1756-1820". Connecticut Secretary of the State. State of Connecticut. Archived from the original on January 13, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  7. ↑ "Regions and Divisions". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
  8. ↑ In present day Virginia.
  9. 1 2 3 In present day Maine.
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