1842–43 United States House of Representatives elections

August 1, 1842 – November 8, 1843[lower-alpha 1]
All 223 seats in the United States House of Representatives 112 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader John Jones John White Party Democratic Whig Leader's seat Virginia 6th Kentucky 6th Last election 98 seats 142 seats Seats won 147[lower-alpha 2] 72 Seat change 49 70 Popular vote 1,051,561 905,910 Percentage 51.27% 44.17% Swing 3.44% 6.89%   Third party Fourth party   Party Law and Order Independent Last election Pre-creation 2 seats[lower-alpha 3] Seats won 2 2[lower-alpha 4] Seat change 2 Popular vote 7,145 42,236 Percentage 0.35% 2.06% Swing New Party 1.21%
Speaker before election John White Whig Elected Speaker John Jones Democratic

The 1842–43 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 1, 1842, and November 8, 1843.^{[lower-alpha 1]} Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 28th United States Congress convened on December 4, 1843. The exception was Maryland, who held theirs so late that they ran into February 1844.^{[lower-alpha 1]} These elections occurred during President John Tyler's term. The congressional reapportionment based on the 1840 United States census unusually decreased the number of House seats, from 242 down to 223.

After Whig President William Henry Harrison died within a month of taking office, his successor as president, John Tyler was only nominally a Whig who had not been properly validated for alignment to Whig policy. Effectively an independent, Tyler was disliked by politicians and was unpopular with voters of both parties, leaving the Whigs unexpectedly leaderless and in visible disarray.

Despite the improving economy, rural voters favored Democrats, again rejecting Whig economic nationalism. The Whig Party lost 69 seats and their sizeable majority from the 1840 election, almost half their House delegation (one of the Whigs who won re-election was William Wright of New Jersey, elected as an "Independent Whig"^{[1] [2]}).

The Democrats won a majority, flipping 48 Whig seats (this includes Henry Nes of Pennsylvania, elected as an Independent Democrat^{[1][lower-alpha 5]}). In Rhode Island, the Law and Order Party, formed in response to the Dorr Rebellion, won both of Rhode Island's two seats.

Apportionment Act of 1842

Apportionment was based on the census of 1840 and was unusual in that the number of House seats was decreased, from 242 to 223:^[4] this came after the Apportionment Act of 1842 mandated that all members be elected from single-member contiguous districts, thus abolishing plural districts and at-large districts.^[5] Four states that did not comply with this new law delayed redistricting under a grandfather clause.

Election summaries

State	Type	Date	Total seats		Democratic		Whig		Law and Order
			Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Missouri	At-large	August 1, 1842	5	3	5	3	0		0
Tennessee	District	August 3, 1842	11	2	6	1	5	3	0
Illinois	District	August 7, 1842	7	4	6	4	1		0
Arkansas	At-large	October 3, 1842	1		1		0		0
Georgia	At-large	October 3, 1842	8	1	8	8	0	9	0
New Jersey	District[lower-alpha 7]	October 8, 1842	5	1	4	4	1[lower-alpha 8]	5	0
Delaware	At-large	November 8, 1842	1		0		1		0
New York	District	November 8, 1842	34	6	24	4	10	10	0
Massachusetts	District	November 14, 1842[lower-alpha 9]	10	2	2	1	8	3	0
South Carolina	District	February 20–21, 1843	7	2	7	1	0	1	0
New Hampshire	At-large	March 3, 1843	4	1	4	1	0		0
Late elections after the March 4, 1843 beginning of the term
Connecticut	District	April 5, 1843	4	2	4	4	0	6	0
Virginia	District	April 27, 1843	15	6	12	2	3	8	0
Louisiana	District	July 3–5, 1843	4	1	4	3	0	2	0
North Carolina	District	August 3, 1843	9	4	5		4	4	0
Alabama	District	August 7, 1843	7	2	6	1	1	1	0
Indiana	District	August 7, 1843	10	3	8	7	2	4	0
Kentucky	District	August 7, 1843	10	3	5	3	5	6	0
Rhode Island	District[lower-alpha 7]	August 29, 1843	2		0		0	2	2	2
Vermont	District	September 5, 1843	4	1	1	1	3	2	0
Maine	District	September 11, 1843	7	1	5	1	2	2	0
Ohio	District	October 10, 1843	21	2	12	5	9	3	0
Pennsylvania	District	October 10, 1843	24	4	12[lower-alpha 10]	3	12	1	0
Mississippi	At-large	November 6–7, 1843	4	2	4	2	0		0
Michigan	District[lower-alpha 7]	November 8, 1843	3	2	3	3	0	1	0
Maryland	District	February 14, 1844	6	2	0	2	6		0
Total			223	19	148[lower-alpha 10] 66.4%	50	73[lower-alpha 8] 32.7%	71	2 0.9%	2

Special elections

Alabama

Alabama gained 2 seats, going from 5 to 7 members. Elections were held August 7, 1843, after the March 4, 1843 beginning of the term. In the 1841 elections, Alabama briefly used at-large general-ticket elections, but in these elections it returned to districts.

Arkansas

1842 Arkansas at-large election

October 3, 1842

Nominee Edward Cross William Cummins Lemuel D. Evans Party Democratic Whig Independent Popular vote 9,413[12] 5,315 1,686 Percentage 57.4% 32.4% 10.3%

County Results Cross:     40-50%     50-60%     60-70%      70-80%     80-90%     >90% Cummins:     40-50%     50-60%     60-70%     70-80% Evans:     50-60%      No Data

U.S. Representative before election Edward Cross Democratic Elected U.S. Representative Edward Cross Democratic

Arkansas stayed at 1 seat, electing its one member at-large October 3, 1842.

Connecticut

Connecticut lost 2 seats, reduced from 6 to 4 members. Elections were held April 5, 1843, after the March 4, 1843 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1843.

Delaware

Delaware stayed at 1 seat, electing its one member at-large November 8, 1842.

The election was decided by a nine-vote margin.

Florida Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Georgia

Georgia lost 1 seat, going from 9 to 8 members. Elections were held at-large on a general ticket October 3, 1842.

Illinois

Illinois gained 4 seats, going from 3 to 7 members. Elections were held August 7, 1842.

Indiana

Indiana gained 3 seats, going from 7 to 10 members. Elections were held August 7, 1843, after the March 4, 1843 beginning of the term.

Kentucky

Kentucky lost 3 seats, going from 13 to 10 members. Elections were held August 7, 1843, after the March 4, 1843 beginning of the term.

Louisiana

Louisiana gained 1 seats, going from 3 to 4 members. Elections were held July 3–5, 1843, after the March 4, 1843 beginning of the term.

Maine

Maine lost 1 seat, going from 8 to 7 members. Elections were held September 11, 1843, after the March 4, 1843 beginning of the term.

Maryland

Maryland lost 2 seats, going from 8 to 6 members. Elections were held February 14, 1844, after the March 4, 1843 beginning of the term.

Maryland's elections to the next Congress were held February 14, 1844, after the 1842–1843 election cycle was passed and almost after the next Congress completed.

Massachusetts

Massachusetts lost 2 seats, going from 12 to 10 members. Elections were held November 14, 1842, but some districts' elections stretched to multiple ballots into 1843 and very early 1844.

Michigan

Michigan gained 2 seats, going from 1 to 3 members. Elections were held from districts November 8, 1843, after the March 4, 1843 beginning of the term, having previously elected a single member at-large.

Mississippi

Mississippi gained 2 seats, going from 2 to 4 members. Elections were held at-large on a general ticket November 6–7, 1843, after the March 4, 1843 beginning of the term. Due to a banking crisis in Mississippi, the state Democratic party was split into two factions; the Redemptions, which favored the repudiation of bank bonds, and Anti-Redemptions, which opposed it.^[55]

Missouri

Missouri gained 3 seats, going from 2 to 5 members. Elections were held at-large on a general ticket August 1, 1842.

New Hampshire

New Hampshire lost 1 seat, going from 5 to 4 members. Elections were held at-large on a general ticket March 3, 1843.

New Jersey

New Jersey lost 1 seats, going from 6 to 5 members. Elections were held from districts October 8, 1842, having previously elected them at-large.

New York

New York lost 6 seats, going from 40 to 34 members, but remaining the largest delegation. Its thirty-four members were elected November 8, 1842.

North Carolina

North Carolina lost 4 seats, going from 13 to 9 members. Elections were held August 3, 1843, after the March 4, 1843 beginning of the term.

Ohio

Ohio gained 2 seats, going from 19 to 21 members. Its twenty-one members were elected October 10, 1843, after the March 4, 1843 beginning of the term.

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania lost 4 seats, going from 28 to 24 members. Its twenty-four members were elected October 10, 1843, after the March 4, 1843 beginning of the term.

Rhode Island

Rhode Island stayed at 2 seats, but elected its members from districts, having previously elected them at-large. Elections were held August 29, 1843, after the March 4, 1843 beginning of the term.

South Carolina

South Carolina lost 2 seats, going from 9 to 7 members. Elections were held February 20–21, 1843.

Tennessee

Tennessee lost 2 seats, going from 13 to 11 members. Elections were held August 3, 1842.

Vermont

Vermont lost 1 seat, going from 5 to 4 members. Elections were held September 5, 1843, after the March 4, 1843 beginning of the term.

Virginia

Virginia lost 6 seats, going from 21 to 15 members. Elections were held April 27, 1843, after the March 4, 1843 beginning of the term.

Wisconsin Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Non-voting delegates

See also

• 1842 United States elections
  • 1842–43 United States Senate elections
• 27th United States Congress
• 28th United States Congress

Notes

References

Bibliography

• Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788–1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789–1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
• Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
• "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

• Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)