1906–07 United States Senate elections
January 9, 1906 –
July 7, 1907
30 of the 90 seats in the United States Senate
(as well as special elections)
46 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader William B. Allison
(retired)		 Charles Culberson
Party Republican Democratic
Leader since March 4, 1897 March 4, 1905
Leader's seat Iowa Texas
Seats before 57 33
Seats won 18 11
Seats after 60 29
Seat change Increase 3 Decrease 4
Seats up 15 15
Results of the elections:
     Democratic hold
     Republican gain      Republican hold
     Legislature failed to elect
Majority Party before election


Republican

 Elected Majority Party


Republican

The 1906–07 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1906 and 1907, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.

The Republican Party gained three seats in the United States Senate, expanding their majority to more twice that of the opposing Democratic Party. The elections were held alongside the 1906 House of Representatives elections, which saw a significant Democratic gain in contrast to the Senate elections.

In Georgia, the legislature failed to elect until shortly after the beginning of the 60th Congress on March 4. In Rhode Island, the legislature deadlocked and did not elect a Senator until well into 1908.

Results summary

Senate party division, 60th Congress (1907–1909)

  • Majority party: Republican (60)
  • Minority party: Democratic (28)
  • Other prties: 0
  • Vacancies: 2
  • Total seats: 90

Change in composition

Before the elections

At the beginning of 1906.

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5
D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6
D16 D17 D18 D19
Al.
Ran		 D20
Ar.
Ran		 D21
Co.
Retired		 D22
Ga.
Ran		 D23
Id.
Ran		 D24
Ky.
Ran		 D25
La.
Ran
R56
W.V.
Ran		 R57
Wyo.
Ran		 D33
Va.
Ran		 D32
Tex.
Ran		 D31
Tenn.
Ran		 D30
S.C.
Ran		 D29
Or.
Retired		 D28
N.C.
Ran		 D27
Mont.
Retired		 D26
Miss.
Ran
R55
S.D.
Ran		 R54
R.I.
Ran		 R53
N.J.
Ran		 R52
N.H.
Ran		 R51
Neb.
Retired		 R50
Minn.
Ran		 R49
Mich.
Retired		 R48
Mass.
Ran		 R47
Me.
Ran		 R46
Kan.
Ran
Majority →
R36 R37 R38 R39 R40 R41 R42 R43
Del.
Retired		 R44
Ill.
Ran		 R45
Ia.
Ran
R35 R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26
R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25
R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5

Result of the general elections

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5
D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6
D16 D17 D18 D19
Re-elected		 D20
Re-elected		 D21
Re-elected		 D22
Re-elected		 D23
Re-elected		 D24
Re-elected		 D25
Re-elected
R56
Hold		 R57
Gain		 R58
Gain		 R59
Gain		 R60
Gain		 V1
R.I.
R Loss		 V2
Ga.
D Loss		 D28
Hold		 D27
Hold		 D26
Hold
R55
Hold		 R54
Hold		 R53
Hold		 R52
Hold		 R51
Re-elected		 R50
Re-elected		 R49
Re-elected		 R48
Re-elected		 R47
Re-elected		 R46
Re-elected
Majority→ R45
Re-elected
R36 R37 R38 R39 R40 R41 R42 R43
Re-elected		 R44
Re-elected
R35 R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26
R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25
R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5

Beginning of the next Congress

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5
D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6
D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25
R56 R57 R58 R59 R60 V1
R.I.		 D29
Ga.
Appointed		 D28 D27 D26
R55 R54 R53 R52 R51 R50 R49 R48 R47 R46
Majority→ R45
R36 R37 R38 R39 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44
R35 R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26
R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25
R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
Key
D# Democratic
R# Republican
V# Vacant

Race summaries

Elections during the 59th Congress

In these elections, the winners were seated during 1906 or in 1907 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Delaware
(Class 1)		 Vacant Legislature had previously failed to elect.
New senator elected June 12, 1906.
Republican gain.[2]
Kansas
(Class 2)		 Alfred W. Benson Republican 1906 (Appointed) Interim appointee lost election.
New senator elected January 22, 1907.
Republican hold.
Winner was also elected to the next term, see below.
Oregon
(Class 2)		 John M. Gearin Democratic 1905 (Appointed) Interim appointee retired January 22, 1907, when successor elected.
New senator elected January 22, 1907, ratifying popular selection made in 1906 state elections.[4][5][6]
Republican gain.
Winner was not elected to the next term, see below.
Michigan
(Class 2)		 Russell A. Alger Republican 1902 (Appointed)
1903 (special)		 Incumbent died January 24, 1907.
New senator elected February 5, 1907.[6]
Republican hold.
Winner had already been elected to the next term, see below.

In this election, the winner was seated March 4, 1909, in the 61st Congress.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Alabama
(Class 3)		 Edmund Pettus Democratic 1903 Incumbent re-elected early January 22, 1907 for the term beginning March 4, 1909.[3]
Winner died July 27, 1907, and new senator elected early August 6, 1907.[3]		 July 27, 1907:
August 6, 1907:

Elections leading to the 60th Congress

In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1907; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Alabama John Morgan Democratic 1876
1882
1888
1894
1900		 Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[4][3]
Winner died June 11, 1907, and new senator appointed June 17, 1907
Interim appointee elected July 16, 1907.[3]		 January 22, 1907:
July 16, 1907:
Arkansas James Berry Democratic 1885 (special)
1889
1895
1901		 Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner elected January 29, 1907.[3]
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Jeff Davis (Democratic)
  • ▌John L. Worthington (Republican) 5 votes[3]
Colorado Thomas Patterson Democratic 1901 Incumbent retired.
New senator elected January 16, 1907.
Republican gain.
Delaware J. Frank Allee Republican 1903 (special) Incumbent retired.
New senator elected January 16, 1907.
Republican hold.
Georgia Augustus Bacon Democratic 1894
1900		 Incumbent ran, but legislature failed to elect.
Democratic loss.
Incumbent was appointed to start the term and was later elected to finish the term, see below.		 ▌Augustus Bacon (Democratic)
[data missing]
Idaho Fred Dubois Democratic 1890
1897 (Lost)
1901		 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected January 15, 1907.
Republican gain.
Illinois Shelby Cullom Republican 1882
1888
1894
1901		 Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[4]
Iowa Jonathan Dolliver Republican 1900 (Appointed)
1901 (Appointed)
1902 (special)		 Incumbent re-elected January 23, 1907.
Kansas Alfred Benson Republican 1906 (Appointed) Interim appointee lost election.
New senator elected January 22, 1907.
Republican hold.
Winner was also elected to finish the term, see above.
Kentucky Joseph Blackburn Democratic 1884
1890
1897 (Lost)
1900		 Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected January 9, 1906.[2][9]
Democratic hold.
Louisiana Murphy Foster Democratic 1900 Incumbent re-elected early May 18, 1904.[10]
Maine William Frye Republican 1881 (special)
1883
1889
1895
1901		 Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1907.[3]
Massachusetts Winthrop Crane Republican 1904 (Appointed)
1905 (special)		 Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1907.
Michigan Russell Alger Republican 1902 (Appointed)
1903 (special)		 Incumbent retired.
New senator elected January 15, 1907.[6]
Republican hold.
Winner was subsequently elected to finish the current term, see above.
Minnesota Knute Nelson Republican 1895
1901		 Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[4]
Mississippi Anselm McLaurin Democratic 1894 (special)
1900		 Incumbent re-elected early January 19, 1904.[12]
Montana William Clark Democratic 1899
1900 (Resigned)
1901		 Incumbent retired.
New senator elected January 16, 1907.[6]
Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Joseph M. Dixon (Republican) 70 votes
  • ▌J. K. Toole (Democratic) 17 votes
  • ▌H. L. Frank (Democratic) 6 votes
  • ▌W. C. Conrad (Unknown) 2 votes
  • ▌Norris (Democratic) 1 vote[6]
Nebraska Joseph Millard Republican 1901 (special) Incumbent retired.
New senator elected January 15, 1907.[6]
Republican hold.
New Hampshire Henry E. Burnham Republican 1901 Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1907.[6][13]
  • ▌Green tickY Henry E. Burnham (Republican) 254 votes
  • ▌Nathan C. Jameson (Democratic) 123 votes
  • ▌George B. Leighton (Unknown) 1 vote[6]
New Jersey John F. Dryden Republican 1902 (special) Incumbent withdrew from renomination.
New senator elected February 5, 1907.[6]
Republican hold.
North Carolina Furnifold Simmons Democratic 1901 Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[4][6]
Oregon John M. Gearin Democratic 1905 (Appointed) Interim appointee retired.
New senator elected January 2, 1907, ratifying popular selection made in 1906 state elections.[4][5][6]
Republican gain.
Rhode Island George Wetmore Republican 1894
1900		 Legislature failed to elect.[4][15]
Republican loss.
South Carolina Benjamin Tillman Democratic 1894
1901		 Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[4][16]
South Dakota Robert J. Gamble Republican 1901 Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[16]
Tennessee Edward Carmack Democratic 1901 Incumbent lost renomination.[16]
New senator elected January 15, 1907.
Democratic hold.
Texas Joseph Bailey Democratic 1901 Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[17]
Virginia Thomas S. Martin Democratic 1893 (Early)
1899 (Early)		 Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1906.[18]
West Virginia Stephen B. Elkins Republican 1895
1901		 Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[4][16]
Wyoming Francis E. Warren Republican 1890
1893 (Lost)
1895
1901		 Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907.[4][16]

Elections during the 60th Congress

In these elections, the winners were elected in 1907 after March 4; sorted by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Wisconsin
(Class 3)		 John C. Spooner Republican 1897
1903		 Incumbent resigned April 30, 1907.
New senator elected May 17, 1907.
Republican hold.
Georgia
(Class 2)		 Augustus Bacon Democratic 1894
1900
1907 (Appointed)		 Interim appointee elected July 9, 1907.
Alabama
(Class 2)		 John H. Bankhead Democratic 1907 (Appointed) John Tyler Morgan (D), having just been re-elected, see above, died June 11, 1907.
Interim appointee elected July 16, 1907.
Alabama
(Class 3)		 Edmund Pettus Democratic 1903
1907		 Incumbent, having just been re-elected, died July 27, 1907.
New senator elected August 6, 1907.
Democratic hold.
New senator was also elected early August 6, 1907 to the term beginning March 4, 1909.[3]
Oklahoma
(Class 2)		 New state First senator elected December 10, 1907.[6]
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Robert L. Owen (Democratic) 128 votes
  • ▌Clarence B. Douglas (Republican) 22 votes
  • ▌C. B. Jones (Republican) 22 votes[6]
Oklahoma
(Class 3)		 First senator elected December 10, 1907.[6]
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas Gore (Democratic) 128 votes
  • ▌Clarence B. Douglas (Republican) 22 votes
  • ▌C. B. Jones (Republican) 22 votes[6]

Alabama

The two new senators, John H. Bankhead and Joseph F. Johnston, were named "alternate" senators at the state Democratic primary in 1906. The men who would beat them[19] both died so Bankhead and Johnston were elected in their places.

Class 2

Alabama's class 2 senators
John Tyler Morgan
John Tyler Morgan,
until June 11, 1907
John H. Bankhead
John H. Bankhead, from June 18, 1907

Alabama (regular, class 2)

Five-term Democrat John Tyler Morgan was re-elected January 22, 1907.[19]

Alabama (special, class 2)

Morgan died June 11, 1907, just three months into his sixth term.[20] Democrat John H. Bankhead was appointed June 18, 1907, to continue the term,[21] pending a July 16, 1907, special election, which he won.

Class 3

Alabama's class 3 senators
Edmund Pettus
Edmund Pettus,
until July 27, 1907
Joseph F. Johnston
Joseph F. Johnston, from August 6, 1907

Alabama (regular, class 3)

Two-term Democrat Edmund Pettus was re-elected early on January 22, 1907, for the term that would begin in 1909.[19][22]

Alabama (special, class 3)

Pettus died July 27, 1907, even before his new term was supposed to begin.[20] Democrat Joseph F. Johnston was elected August 6, 1907, both to finish the term and to the next term.

Arkansas

Colorado

Delaware

Delaware (special)

Delaware (regular)

Georgia

Georgia (regular)

Georgia (special)

Idaho

Illinois

Iowa

Kansas

Kansas (regular)

Kansas (special)

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Massachusetts

Michigan

Michigan (regular)

Michigan (special)

Minnesota

Mississippi

Montana

Nebraska

New Hampshire

New Jersey

North Carolina

Oklahoma

Oregon

Oregon (regular)

Oregon (special)

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Virginia

West Virginia

Wisconsin (special)

Wyoming

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Tribune Almanac (1907), p. 258.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Tribune Almanac (1908), p. 258.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "NO CHOICE IN RHODE ISLAND". The New York Times. January 23, 1907. p. 1.
  5. 1 2 3 World Almanac (1908), p. 263.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Tribune Almanac (1908), p. 259.
  7. ↑ "Our Campaigns - OR US Special Senate Race - Nov 06, 1906". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
  8. ↑ Clark, p. 248.
  9. 1 2 Schiller, Wendy J.; Stewart III, Charles (2015). Electing the Senate: Indirect Democracy before the Seventeenth Amendment. Princeton University Press. pp. 35–36. ISBN 9781400852680.
  10. 1 2 Official Journal of the Proceedings of House of Representatives of the State of Louisiana at the Regular Session of the General Assembly. 1904. p. 76.
  11. ↑ Tribune Almanac (1908), pp. 258–259.
  12. ↑ "Re-elect Senators McLaurin and Money" (PDF). The New York Times. January 20, 1904. p. 5.
  13. ↑ Journals of the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives of the State of New-Hampshire, January Session, 1907. Rumford Printing Co. 1907. p. 90.
  14. ↑ "Our Campaigns - OR US Senate Race - Nov 06, 1906". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
  15. ↑ Tribune Almanac (1908), pp. 259–260.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Tribune Almanac (1908), p. 260.
  17. 1 2 "BAILEY IS RE-ELECTED, BUT UNDER CHARGES". The New York Times. January 23, 1907. p. 1.
  18. 1 2 "Senator Martin Re-elected". The New York Times. January 24, 1906. p. 6.
  19. 1 2 3 "NO CHOICE IN RHODE ISLAND.; Senatorial Deadlock Is Unbroken -- Elections in Other States". Retrieved August 5, 2020.
  20. 1 2 "SENATOR PETTUS DIES, AGED 86 YEARS; Succumbs to Brief Illness While at Hot Springs, North Carolina. LONG SERVICE TO NATION He and His Late Colleague, Senator Morgan, Were Associated Through Life". Retrieved 2020-08-05.
  21. ↑ "BANKHEAD TO BE SENATOR.; Governor of Alabama Will Appoint Him in Morgan's Place". Retrieved 2020-08-05.
  22. ↑ "Tribune Almanac and Political Register ..." 1908. Retrieved August 5, 2020.

References

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