| 1965–66 NHL season | |
|---|---|
| League | National Hockey League |
| Sport | Ice hockey |
| Duration | October 23, 1965 – May 5, 1966 |
| Number of games | 70 |
| Number of teams | 6 |
| TV partner(s) | CBC, CTV, SRC (Canada) NBC, RKO General (United States) |
| Draft | |
| Top draft pick | Andre Veilleux |
| Picked by | New York Rangers |
| Regular season | |
| Season champion | Montreal Canadiens |
| Season MVP | Bobby Hull (Black Hawks) |
| Top scorer | Bobby Hull (Black Hawks) |
| Playoffs | |
| Playoffs MVP | Roger Crozier (Red Wings) |
| Stanley Cup | |
| Champions | Montreal Canadiens |
| Runners-up | Detroit Red Wings |
The 1965–66 NHL season was the 49th season of the National Hockey League. Six teams each played 70 games. The Montreal Canadiens won their second consecutive Stanley Cup as they defeated the Detroit Red Wings four games to two in the final series.
League business
A new trophy was introduced for this season. Jack Adams won the first Lester Patrick Trophy for his contribution to hockey in the United States.
February saw the momentous announcement that six conditional franchises had been awarded to Los Angeles, San Francisco, St. Louis, Minneapolis–St. Paul, Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, all to begin play in 1967. The St. Louis franchise was surprising, as no formal application from the city had been tendered. It was awarded to fulfill the wishes of James D. Norris and Arthur Wirtz, owners of the Chicago Black Hawks, who also owned the St. Louis Arena, which they wanted to sell.
On the debit side, a strong bid from Vancouver was rejected, much to the anger of many Canadians and the protest of their Prime Minister Lester Pearson. A rumour was widely spread — fuelled by a corroborating statement from Leafs' general manager Punch Imlach that the Toronto and Montreal owners had vetoed the bid out of a dislike for sharing the proceeds from television broadcasts of the games. Vancouver would eventually get an NHL franchise in 1970.
The Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) called for the end the direct sponsorship of junior ice hockey team and to allow players who graduated from junior hockey to be chosen in the NHL Amateur Draft. CAHA president Lionel Fleury asked the NHL to terminate the existing professional-agreement rather than letting it expire in 1968.[1] NHL president Clarence Campbell declined to terminate the agreement since 95 per cent of NHL players were produced by sponsored junior teams. The NHL felt that a draft of players might be viable but wanted to draft players at a younger age than 20, and wanted to continue making payments directly to amateur teams instead of the CAHA dispersing funds as it saw fit.[2] Discussions remained unresolved until a new agreement with the requested changes was reached in August 1966.[3]
Rule changes
The only significant rule change for this season was a requirement that the teams suit up two goaltenders for each game.[4]
Regular season
Among notable players to debut during this season were Ed Giacomin for the Rangers, Bill Goldsworthy for the Bruins, Ken Hodge for Chicago and Mike Walton for Toronto. In the meantime, however, the career of future Hockey Hall of Famer Ted Lindsay was over, as his request for reinstatement as an active player was vetoed by the Toronto ownership.
Ed Giacomin put together a six-game unbeaten streak early in the season to the delight of the fans. But the Rangers' inexperience behind the blueline caught up with them as the team began to lose and the Rangers were out of contention quickly, which cost coach Red Sullivan his job. Emile Francis took over the coaching reins, but the Rangers were headed nowhere this season.
Gordie Howe scored his 600th NHL goal in Montreal on November 27 in a 3–2 loss to the Canadiens to the cheers of the local fans. Among lesser milestones in the season were Frank Mahovlich's 250th goal and Johnny Bucyk's and Claude Provost's 200th.
In an unusual incident, the Red Wings' jerseys were stolen from the visitors' dressing room in Montreal the night before a January game, and Detroit was compelled to play in the uniforms of their junior farm team in Hamilton, which were express shipped to Montreal in time for the match.[5]
James D. Norris, owner of the Chicago Black Hawks, died of a heart attack in late February.
Final standings
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | T | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Montreal Canadiens | 70 | 41 | 21 | 8 | 239 | 173 | +66 | 90 |
| 2 | Chicago Black Hawks | 70 | 37 | 25 | 8 | 240 | 187 | +53 | 82 |
| 3 | Toronto Maple Leafs | 70 | 34 | 25 | 11 | 208 | 187 | +21 | 79 |
| 4 | Detroit Red Wings | 70 | 31 | 27 | 12 | 221 | 194 | +27 | 74 |
| 5 | Boston Bruins | 70 | 21 | 43 | 6 | 174 | 275 | −101 | 48 |
| 6 | New York Rangers | 70 | 18 | 41 | 11 | 195 | 261 | −66 | 47 |
Record vs. opponents
| 1965–66 NHL Records [6] | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Team | BOS | CHI | DET | MTL | NYR | TOR | ||||||
| Boston | — | 4–8–2 | 2–11–1 | 4–9–1 | 8–5–1 | 4–9–1 | ||||||
| Chicago | 8–4–2 | — | 11–1–2 | 4–8–2 | 9–4–1 | 5–8–1 | ||||||
| Detroit | 11–2–1 | 1–11–2 | — | 4–8–2 | 7–3–4 | 8–4–2 | ||||||
| Montreal | 9–4–1 | 8–4–2 | 8–4–2 | — | 12–2 | 5–7–2 | ||||||
| New York | 5–8–1 | 4–9–1 | 3–7–4 | 2–12 | — | 3–6–5 | ||||||
| Toronto | 9–4–1 | 8–5–1 | 4–8–2 | 7–5–2 | 6–3–5 | — | ||||||
Playoffs
Playoff bracket
| Semifinals | Stanley Cup Finals | ||||||||
| 1 | Montreal | 4 | |||||||
| 3 | Toronto | 0 | |||||||
| 1 | Montreal | 4 | |||||||
| 4 | Detroit | 2 | |||||||
| 2 | Chicago | 2 | |||||||
| 4 | Detroit | 4 | |||||||
Semifinals
The second game of the semifinal series between Detroit and Chicago on April 10, was nationally televised in the United States.[7]
For the fourth straight year, it was Montreal vs. Toronto and Detroit vs. Chicago in the first round. The Canadiens were victorious over the Leafs in four straight games, while the Wings beat the Hawks in six.
(1) Montreal Canadiens vs. (3) Toronto Maple Leafs
The Montreal Canadiens were the best regular season team, earning 90 points. The Toronto Maple Leafs earned the third seed with 79 points. This was the twelfth playoff series between these two rivals, with Toronto winning six of their eleven previous series. This was a rematch from the 1965 semifinals, where Montreal won in six games. Toronto won sixteen of twenty-eight points in this year's regular season series.
The Canadiens defeated the Maple Leafs in a four-game sweep.
| April 7 | Toronto Maple Leafs | 3–4 | Montreal Canadiens | Montreal Forum | Recap | |||
| Eddie Shack (1) – 02:12 Frank Mahovlich (1) – pp – 18:08 |
First period | 12:08 – pp – J.C. Tremblay (1) | ||||||
| No scoring | Second period | 03:05 – John Ferguson (1) 08:13 – pp – Bobby Rousseau (1) | ||||||
| Bob Pulford (1) – 10:35 | Third period | 17:48 – Jean Beliveau (1) | ||||||
| Terry Sawchuck | Goalie stats | Gump Worsley | ||||||
| April 9 | Toronto Maple Leafs | 0–2 | Montreal Canadiens | Montreal Forum | Recap | |||
| No scoring | First period | No scoring | ||||||
| No scoring | Second period | No scoring | ||||||
| No scoring | Third period | 09:30 – pp – Claude Provost (1) 16:07 – Bobby Rousseau (2) | ||||||
| Terry Sawchuck | Goalie stats | Gump Worsley | ||||||
| April 12 | Montreal Canadiens | 5–2 | Toronto Maple Leafs | Maple Leaf Gardens | Recap | |||
| No scoring | First period | 01:26 – pp – Eddie Shack (2) 17:32 – Tim Horton (1) | ||||||
| Ralph Backstrom (1) – 08:16 Bobby Rousseau (3) – pp – 11:00 Terry Harper (1) – 11:26 |
Second period | No scoring | ||||||
| John Ferguson (2) – 00:16 Jean Beliveau (2) – 19:50 |
Third period | No scoring | ||||||
| Gump Worsley | Goalie stats | Johnny Bower | ||||||
| April 14 | Montreal Canadiens | 4–1 | Toronto Maple Leafs | Maple Leaf Gardens | Recap | |||
| No scoring | First period | 05:40 – Larry Hillman (1) | ||||||
| Gilles Tremblay (1) – pp – 09:32 Gilles Tremblay (2) – pp – 13:28 |
Second period | No scoring | ||||||
| Jimmy Roberts (1) – sh – 04:04 Dick Duff (1) – pp – 07:16 |
Third period | No scoring | ||||||
| Gump Worsley | Goalie stats | Johnny Bower | ||||||
| Montreal won series 4–0 | |
(2) Chicago Black Hawks vs. (4) Detroit Red Wings
The Chicago Black Hawks earned the second seed with 82 points. The Detroit Red Wings earned the fourth seed with 74 points. This was the eighth playoff series between these two rivals, with Detroit winning four of their seven previous series. This was a rematch of the 1965 semifinals, where Chicago won in seven games. Chicago earned twenty-four of twenty-eight points in this year's regular season series.
The Red Wings upset the Black Hawks in six games.
| April 7 | Detroit Red Wings | 1–2 | Chicago Black Hawks | Chicago Stadium | Recap | |||
| Dean Prentice (1) – pp – 18:28 | First period | 06:08 – Kenny Wharram (1) 11:54 – pp – Bobby Hull (1) | ||||||
| No scoring | Second period | No scoring | ||||||
| No scoring | Third period | No scoring | ||||||
| Roger Crozier | Goalie stats | Glenn Hall | ||||||
| April 10 | Detroit Red Wings | 7–0 | Chicago Black Hawks | Chicago Stadium | Recap | |||
| Floyd Smith (1) – pp – 04:10 Gordie Howe (1) – 12:11 Floyd Smith (2) – pp – 19:50 |
First period | No scoring | ||||||
| Andy Bathgate (1) – pp – 13:27 | Second period | No scoring | ||||||
| Dean Prentice (2) – 03:39 Andy Bathgate (2) – pp – 05:38 Bert Marshall (1) – 06:00 |
Third period | No scoring | ||||||
| Roger Crozier | Goalie stats | Glenn Hall, Dave Dryden | ||||||
| April 12 | Chicago Black Hawks | 2–1 | Detroit Red Wings | Olympia Stadium | Recap | |||
| No scoring | First period | 15:01 – Bryan Watson (1) | ||||||
| Chico Maki (1) – pp – 06:19 Eric Nesterenko (1) – 18:43 |
Second period | No scoring | ||||||
| No scoring | Third period | No scoring | ||||||
| Glenn Hall | Goalie stats | Roger Crozier | ||||||
| April 14 | Chicago Black Hawks | 1–5 | Detroit Red Wings | Olympia Stadium | Recap | |||
| Stan Mikita (1) – pp – 08:04 | First period | 03:15 – pp – Paul Henderson (1) | ||||||
| No scoring | Second period | 02:59 – Paul Henderson (2) | ||||||
| No scoring | Third period | 01:06 – pp – Andy Bathgate (3) 01:55 – Bryan Watson (2) 08:08 – pp – Gordie Howe (2) | ||||||
| Glenn Hall | Goalie stats | Roger Crozier | ||||||
| April 17 | Detroit Red Wings | 5–3 | Chicago Black Hawks | Chicago Stadium | Recap | |||
| Norm Ullman (1) – 08:14 Val Fonteyne (1) – sh – 15:08 |
First period | No scoring | ||||||
| Andy Bathgate (4) – pp – 01:19 | Second period | 03:05 – Doug Mohns (1) 14:51 – pp – Pat Stapleton (1) | ||||||
| Gordie Howe (3) – 11:41 Norm Ullman (2) – 15:43 |
Third period | 16:28 – Bobby Hull (2) | ||||||
| Roger Crozier | Goalie stats | Glenn Hall | ||||||
| April 19 | Chicago Black Hawks | 2–3 | Detroit Red Wings | Olympia Stadium | Recap | |||
| No scoring | First period | 02:51 – pp – Andy Bathgate (5) | ||||||
| Phil Esposito (1) – pp – 14:24 Pat Stapleton (2) – 17:54 |
Second period | No scoring | ||||||
| No scoring | Third period | 16:25 – Dean Prentice (3) 17:28 – Dean Prentice (4) | ||||||
| Glenn Hall | Goalie stats | Roger Crozier | ||||||
| Detroit won series 4–2 | |
Stanley Cup Finals
The Montreal Canadiens were the defending champions in their twenty-second Stanley Cup Finals, after winning their thirteenth championship the previous year with a seven-game victory over the Chicago Black Hawks. This was the Detroit Red Wings' eighteenth Stanley Cup Finals, having won seven championships previously. Their most recent Finals came in 1964, when they lost to the Toronto Maple Leafs in seven games. This was the eleventh playoff series between these two teams, with Detroit winning seven of their ten previous series. Their most recent series had come in the 1958 semifinals, where Montreal won in a four-game sweep. Montreal won eighteen of twenty-eight points in this year's regular season series. Detroit would not return to the Stanley Cup Finals again until 1995.
Behind the skilled goaltending of Roger Crozier, who had missed parts of the regular season with illness, the Red Wings won the first two games of the Finals. However, Crozier was injured in the fourth game and the Canadiens won the Cup four games to two. Roger Crozier won the Conn Smythe Trophy as a member of the losing team.
| April 24 | Detroit Red Wings | 3–2 | Montreal Canadiens | Montreal Forum | Recap | |||
| Floyd Smith (3) – 13:25 | First period | No scoring | ||||||
| Bill Gadsby (1) – 05:14 | Second period | 04:23 – Ralph Backstrom (2) | ||||||
| Paul Henderson (3) – 02:14 | Third period | 02:36 – Terry Harper (2) | ||||||
| Roger Crozier | Goalie stats | Gump Worsley | ||||||
| April 26 | Detroit Red Wings | 5–2 | Montreal Canadiens | Montreal Forum | Recap | |||
| Andy Bathgate (6) – pp – 18:39 | First period | 06:55 – pp – J.C. Tremblay (2) | ||||||
| No scoring | Second period | No scoring | ||||||
| Bruce MacGregor (1) – 01:51 Ab McDonald (1) – 02:45 Floyd Smith (4) – 12:28 Dean Prentice (5) – 16:25 |
Third period | 12:00 – Yvan Cournoyer (1) | ||||||
| Roger Crozier | Goalie stats | Gump Worsley | ||||||
| April 28 | Montreal Canadiens | 4–2 | Detroit Red Wings | Olympia Stadium | Recap | |||
| Dave Balon (1) – 15:40 Jean Beliveau (3) – 19:12 |
First period | 04:20 – Norm Ullman (3) | ||||||
| No scoring | Second period | No scoring | ||||||
| Gilles Tremblay (3) – 01:45 Gilles Tremblay (4) – pp – 03:21 |
Third period | 19:59 – Gordie Howe (4) | ||||||
| Gump Worsley | Goalie stats | Roger Crozier | ||||||
| May 1 | Montreal Canadiens | 2–1 | Detroit Red Wings | Olympia Stadium | Recap | |||
| No scoring | First period | No scoring | ||||||
| Jean Beliveau (4) – pp – 19:51 | Second period | 11:24 – Norm Ullman (4) | ||||||
| Ralph Backstrom (3) – 13:37 | Third period | No scoring | ||||||
| Gump Worsley | Goalie stats | Roger Crozier, Hank Bassen | ||||||
| May 3 | Detroit Red Wings | 1–5 | Montreal Canadiens | Montreal Forum | Recap | |||
| No scoring | First period | 01:06 – Claude Provost (2) 19:21 – pp – Yvan Cournoyer (2) | ||||||
| Norm Ullman (5) – 14:22 | Second period | 01:05 – Dave Balon (2) 11:22 – Bobby Rousseau (4) | ||||||
| No scoring | Third period | 05:31 – Dick Duff (2) | ||||||
| Roger Crozier | Goalie stats | Gump Worsley | ||||||
| May 5 | Montreal Canadiens | 3–2 | OT | Detroit Red Wings | Olympia Stadium | Recap | ||
| Jean Beliveau (5) – 09:08 | First period | No scoring | ||||||
| Leon Rochefort (1) – 10:11 | Second period | 11:55 – pp – Norm Ullman (6) | ||||||
| No scoring | Third period | 10:30 – Floyd Smith (5) | ||||||
| Henri Richard (1) – 02:20 | First overtime period | No scoring | ||||||
| Gump Worsley | Goalie stats | Roger Crozier | ||||||
| Montreal won series 4–2 | |
Awards
Bobby Hull set a new record for goals in a season with 54 and a new record for points in a season with 97, earning him the Art Ross Trophy and his second straight Hart Trophy as the league's most valuable player. No left-winger would pace the NHL in points again until Alexander Ovechkin in 2007–08. Jacques Laperriere of Montreal won the Norris Trophy as best defenceman.
| 1965–66 NHL awards | |
|---|---|
| Prince of Wales Trophy: (Regular season champion) | Montreal Canadiens |
| Art Ross Trophy: (Top scorer) | Bobby Hull, Chicago Black Hawks |
| Calder Memorial Trophy: (Best first-year player) | Brit Selby, Toronto Maple Leafs |
| Conn Smythe Trophy: (Most valuable player, playoffs) | Roger Crozier, Detroit Red Wings |
| Hart Trophy: (Most valuable player, season) | Bobby Hull, Chicago Black Hawks |
| James Norris Memorial Trophy: (Best defenceman) | Jacques Laperriere, Montreal Canadiens |
| Lady Byng Memorial Trophy: (Excellence and sportsmanship) | Alex Delvecchio, Detroit Red Wings |
| Vezina Trophy: (Goaltender(s) of team with the best goals-against average) | Gump Worsley & Charlie Hodge, Montreal Canadiens |
| Lester Patrick Trophy: (Outstanding service to U.S. hockey) | J. J. "Jack" Adams |
All-Star teams
| First team | Position | Second team |
|---|---|---|
| Glenn Hall, Chicago Black Hawks | G | Gump Worsley, Montreal Canadiens |
| Jacques Laperriere, Montreal Canadiens | D | Allan Stanley, Toronto Maple Leafs |
| Pierre Pilote, Chicago Black Hawks | D | Pat Stapleton, Chicago Black Hawks |
| Stan Mikita, Chicago Black Hawks | C | Jean Beliveau, Montreal Canadiens |
| Gordie Howe, Detroit Red Wings | RW | Bobby Rousseau, Montreal Canadiens |
| Bobby Hull, Chicago Black Hawks | LW | Frank Mahovlich, Toronto Maple Leafs |
Player statistics
Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes
| Player | Team | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bobby Hull | Chicago Black Hawks | 65 | 54 | 43 | 97 | 70 |
| Stan Mikita | Chicago Black Hawks | 68 | 30 | 48 | 78 | 56 |
| Bobby Rousseau | Montreal Canadiens | 70 | 30 | 48 | 78 | 20 |
| Jean Beliveau | Montreal Canadiens | 67 | 29 | 48 | 77 | 50 |
| Gordie Howe | Detroit Red Wings | 70 | 29 | 46 | 75 | 83 |
| Norm Ullman | Detroit Red Wings | 70 | 31 | 41 | 72 | 35 |
| Alex Delvecchio | Detroit Red Wings | 70 | 31 | 38 | 69 | 16 |
| Bob Nevin | New York Rangers | 69 | 29 | 33 | 62 | 10 |
| Henri Richard | Montreal Canadiens | 62 | 22 | 39 | 61 | 47 |
| Murray Oliver | Boston Bruins | 70 | 18 | 42 | 60 | 30 |
Source: NHL.[8]
Leading goaltenders
Note: GP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals against average; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; SO = Shutouts
| Player | Team | GP | MIN | GA | GAA | W | L | T | SO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Johnny Bower | Toronto Maple Leafs | 35 | 1998 | 75 | 2.25 | 18 | 10 | 5 | 3 |
| Lorne Worsley | Montreal Canadiens | 51 | 2899 | 114 | 2.36 | 29 | 14 | 6 | 2 |
| Charlie Hodge | Montreal Canadiens | 26 | 1301 | 56 | 2.58 | 12 | 7 | 2 | 1 |
| Glenn Hall | Chicago Black Hawks | 64 | 3747 | 164 | 2.63 | 34 | 21 | 7 | 4 |
| Roger Crozier | Detroit Red Wings | 64 | 3734 | 173 | 2.78 | 27 | 24 | 12 | 7 |
| Dave Dryden | Chicago Black Hawks | 11 | 453 | 23 | 3.05 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| Terry Sawchuk | Toronto Maple Leafs | 27 | 1521 | 80 | 3.16 | 10 | 11 | 3 | 1 |
| Cesare Maniago | N.Y. Rangers | 28 | 1613 | 94 | 3.50 | 9 | 16 | 3 | 2 |
| Ed Giacomin | N.Y. Rangers | 36 | 2096 | 128 | 3.66 | 8 | 19 | 7 | 0 |
| Bernie Parent | Boston Bruins | 39 | 2083 | 128 | 3.69 | 11 | 20 | 3 | 1 |
| Eddie Johnston | Boston Bruins | 33 | 1744 | 108 | 3.72 | 10 | 19 | 2 | 1 |
Coaches
- Boston Bruins: Milt Schmidt
- Chicago Black Hawks: Billy Reay
- Detroit Red Wings: Sid Abel
- Montreal Canadiens: Toe Blake
- New York Rangers: Emile Francis
- Toronto Maple Leafs: Punch Imlach
Debuts
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1965–66 (listed with their first team, asterisk(*) marks debut in playoffs):
- J. P. Parise, Boston Bruins
- Derek Sanderson, Boston Bruins
- Bernie Parent, Boston Bruins
- Barry Ashbee, Boston Bruins
- Pete Mahovlich, Detroit Red Wings
- Danny Grant, Montreal Canadiens
- Ed Giacomin, New York Rangers
Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1965–66 (listed with their last team):
- Bill Gadsby, Detroit Red Wings
Broadcasting
Hockey Night in Canada on CBC Television televised Saturday night regular season games and Stanley Cup playoff games. HNIC also began producing Wednesday night regular season game telecasts for CTV. Games were typically not broadcast in their entirety until the 1968–69 season, and were typically joined in progress.
NBC agreed to air 1966 Sunday afternoon playoff games, marking the first time since the 1959–60 season that the NHL aired nationally in the U.S., and the first time ever that postseason games aired on American network television. The clinching Game 6 of the 1966 Stanley Cup Finals on Thursday, May 5 aired across RKO General-owned stations.
See also
Notes
- ↑ "Develop Draft System Fleury Tells Delegates". Winnipeg Free Press. Winnipeg, Manitoba. May 28, 1965. p. 43.
- ↑ "Campbell Balks At Break Attempt". Winnipeg Free Press. Winnipeg, Manitoba. May 28, 1965. p. 43.
- ↑ "Sweeping Changes In Pro-Am Hockey Pact". Winnipeg Free Press. Winnipeg, Manitoba. August 19, 1966. p. 22.
- ↑ Duplacey 1996, p. 33.
- ↑ "Something Borrowed But Nothing Blue For Red Wings", The Montreal Star, 24 January 1966. p.19
- ↑ "All-Time NHL Results". NHL.com. Retrieved August 25, 2023.
- ↑ "Red Wings Jar Black Hawks, 7–0." Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 1966 Apr 11.
- ↑ Dinger 2011, p. 150.
References
- Diamond, Dan, ed. (1994). Years of glory, 1942–1967: the National Hockey League's official book of the six-team era. Toronto, ON: McClelland and Stewart. ISBN 0-7710-2817-2.
- Diamond, Dan, ed. (2000). Total Hockey. Total Sports. ISBN 1-892129-85-X.
- Dinger, Ralph, ed. (2011). The National Hockey League Official Guide & Record Book 2012. Toronto, ON: Dan Diamond & Associates. ISBN 978-1-894801-22-5.
- Dryden, Steve, ed. (2000). Century of hockey. Toronto, ON: McClelland & Stewart Ltd. ISBN 0-7710-4179-9.
- Duplacey, James (1996). The annotated rules of hockey. New York: Lyons & Burford, Publishers. ISBN 1-55821-466-6.
- Fischler, Stan; Fischler, Shirley; Hughes, Morgan; Romain, Joseph; Duplacey, James (2003). The Hockey Chronicle: Year-by-Year History of the National Hockey League. Lincolnwood, Illinois: Publications International Inc. ISBN 0-7853-9624-1.
- McFarlane, Brian (1973). The Story of the National Hockey League. New York: Pagurian Press. ISBN 0-684-13424-1.