1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election

5–21 February 1967

All 234 seats in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
118 seats needed for a majority
Turnout76.57%
  First party Second party
 
Leader C. N. Annadurai M. Bhakthavatsalam
Party DMK INC
Leader's seat MLC[1] Sriperumbudur
(lost)
Seats won 179 51
Seat change Increase 121[2] Decrease 84[2]
Popular vote 8,051,433 6,293,378
Percentage 52.59% 41.10%
Swing Increase 15.70% Decrease 5.04%

Chief Minister before election

M. Bakthavatsalam
INC

Chief Minister

C.N. Annadurai
DMK

The fourth legislative assembly election of Madras State (later renamed as Tamil Nadu) was held in February 1967. The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) led coalition under the leadership of C.N. Annadurai won the election defeating the Indian National Congress (Congress). Anti-Hindi agitations, the rising prices of essential commodities, and a shortage of rice were the dominant issues. K. Kamaraj's resignation as the Chief Minister in 1963, to concentrate on party affairs, along with persistent rumors of corruption had weakened the incumbent Congress Government. This was the second time after Communist Party of India winning Kerala assembly elections in 1957, for a non-Congress party to gain the majority in a state in India, and the last time that Congress held power in Tamil Nadu. It was the first time a party or pre-election alliance formed a non-Congress government with an absolute majority. It marked the beginning of Dravidian dominance in the politics of Tamil Nadu. Annadurai, who became the first non-Congress chief minister of post-independence Tamil Nadu, died in office in 1969 and V.R. Nedunchezhiyan took over as acting chief minister.

Background

The Congress party began to show weakness in the years after the 1962 election.[3] In the summer of 1962, DMK conducted demonstrations against rising prices. These demonstrations turned violent throughout the state leading to the arrest of 6500 DMK volunteers, 14 members of the assembly and four members of the Lok Sabha, including Annadurai.[3]

Kamaraj resigned the Chief Ministership in 1963 to assume the presidency of the All India Congress Committee and was replaced by M. Bakthavatsalam. Robert L. Hardgrave, Jr. (Temple Professor Emeritus in the Humanities, Government and Asian Studies from the University of Texas) wrote in an article published in the journal Pacific Affairs, that M. Bhaktavatsalam did not have the personal charisma or political acumen of Kamaraj. Persistent rumours of corruption tarnished the image of the Government. In October 1964, the food crisis brought the popularity of the Congress Government to an all-time low.[3]

Issues

The major issues at play in the election were the official language issue, the rise in essential commodity prices and the shortage of rice. The central Government led by the Indian National Congress had implemented an act replacing English with Hindi as an official language of India while retaining a possible "associate" status to English. The switchover came into effect on 26 January 1965. In protest to the vague wording of the act, fearing a possible elimination of English and imposition of Hindi, DMK had launched an agitation opposing the switchover and that agitation turned violent. The 1967 election was held in the aftermath of this violence.[4]

The acute rice shortage prevailing in the state became an election issue with the DMK promising to supply three padis (approx. 4.5 kg) of rice for 1 Rupee in its election manifesto.[5][6] The DMK capitalised on the rice shortage as well as widespread discontent with the Bhaktavatsalam administration. Slogans like Kamarajar Annachi kadalaiparuppu vilai ennachu (Elder Brother (Annachi is a title historically been used to refer to a person of Kamaraj's caste) Kamaraj, what happened to the price of chana dal?), Bhaktavatsalam annachi arisi vilai ennachu (lit. Brother Bhatavatsalam, what happened to the price of rice?) were used effectively by the DMK to stir public anger against the Congress.[7]

This election was noted for popular actor, DMK candidate and future Chief Minister M.G. Ramachandran (MGR) being shot in the throat by actor M.R. Radha. He survived the shooting, but the incident created a huge popularity wave for MGR. This eventually helped to increase the popularity of not only MGR, but also the DMK in the election, and is attributed as one of the reasons for the victory of the DMK.[8]

Coalitions

There were two major political coalitions running in the elections. The Indian National Congress contested[9] alone, while the Dravidar Kazhagam (DK) under Periyar E. V. Ramasamy supported and campaigned for the incumbent Congress against his protege Annadurai.[10][11][12] The DMK-led front comprised the Swatantra Party, Communist Party of India (Marxist), Praja Socialist Party, Samyukta Socialist Party, Tamil Nadu Toilers Party, Republican Party of India and the Indian Union Muslim League. The Tamil Arasu Kazhagam and the We Tamils party campaigned using the DMK election symbol.[4] This opposition coalition was forged by C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) with the sole purpose of defeating the Kamaraj led Congress. Rajaji's personal hostility to Kamaraj and his opposition to the Congress party were the main reasons behind Swatantra's alliance with DMK.[13] The Communist Party of India campaigned alone without joining either of the two coalitions.[14][15]

The electoral alliance between DMK, Swatantra Party and Muslim League had emerged in the years before the 1964 civic elections throughout Madras state. During the 1964 election campaign Rajagopalachari had said, "The DMK and Muslim League are my children and I am duty bound to nurse them to strength and stature."[3]

Campaigning

Both Congress and DMK used films and actors for campaigning. Gemini Studios produced a political film for the Congress Vazhga Nam Thayagam starring Shivaji Ganesan and Nagesh. Sivaji and Padmini worked for the Congress party. Despite its efforts, Congress could not counter the DMK's propaganda, which had a long history of using films for political campaigns since its founding.[16]

DMK's long-term association with the Tamil Film industry was put to good use in the campaign. MGR's films were used to attack Congress policies and to popularise DMK's positions. Similar to the tactics employed in the elections of 1957 and 1962, film songs and dialogues from Kaanji Thalaivan (1963), "Deivathai (1964), "Padakotti (1964)", Aayirathil Oruvan", Enga Veettu Pillai (1965), Anbe Vaa (1966), Naan Aanaiyittal (1966), "Mugarasi (1966)", "Petralthan Pillaya (1966)",Vivasayee (1967) and Arasakattalai (1967) were used for political messaging. Lesser known film stars like Ravichandran and Jaishankar used their films for praising DMK and Annadurai. The DMK put up posters of MGR recuperating in a hospital bed with a neck cast (from his gunshot wounds) all over Tamil Nadu to garner public sympathy and support.[7][17][18]

Election

The election was held for a total of 234 constituencies, including 43 Scheduled Caste and 2 Scheduled Tribe reserved constituencies. 778 candidates, including 11 women were in the fray, of whom 231 men and 3 women were elected to the assembly. The election saw a turnout of 76.57 percent of all eligible voters, with 79.19% men and 73.99% women casting their votes. The polling for the assembly election took place along with the polling for the 1967 parliamentary elections. It took place in three phases between 5 and 21 February (5, 18 and 21 February).[19][20]

Results

DMK and its coalition allies won 179 seats (76.5%). The Indian National Congress won 51 seats (21.8%).[21] Four candidates of the Naam Thamizhar Party led by S. P. Adithanar and two candidates of Tamil Arasu Kazhagam led by M. P. Sivagnanam contested[9] under DMK's "Rising Sun" Symbol. The Indian Union Muslim League candidates contested[9] as independents.[22]

[2][23]

Alliances Party Popular Vote Vote % Seats contested Seats won Change
United Front[24]


Seats: 179
Seat Change: Increase 121
Popular Vote: 8,051,433
Popular Vote %: 52.59%

Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 6,230,552 40.69% 174 137 Increase 87
Swatantra Party 811,232 5.30% 27 20 Increase 12
CPI(M) 623,114 4.07% 22 11 Increase 11
Praja Socialist Party 136,188 0.89% 4 4 Increase 4
Indian Union Muslim League 95,494 0.62% 3 3 Increase 3
Samyukta Socialist Party 84,188 0.55% 3 2 Increase 2
DMK Backed Independents 70,665 0.46% 2 2 Increase 2
Indian National Congress
Seats: 51
Seat Change: Decrease 84
Popular Vote: 6,293,378
Popular Vote %: 41.10%
Indian National Congress 6,293,378 41.10% 232 51 Decrease 84
Others
Seats: 4
Seat Change: Decrease 4
Independent 591,214 3.86% 246 1 Decrease 4
Communist Party of India 275,932 1.80% 32 2 Steady
Forward Bloc 44,714 0.29% 1 1 Steady
Republican Party of India 31,286 0.20% 13 0 Steady
Bharatiya Jana Sangh 22,745 0.15% 24 0 Steady
Total 11 Political Parties 15,310,702 100% 234 Increase 28

By constituency

** Muslim League Candidates contesting as independents[25]
* DMK backed Independents[26]
  • Winner, runner-up, voter turnout, and victory margin in every constituency
Assembly Constituency Winner Runner Up Margin
#k Name Candidate Party Votes % Candidate Party Votes %
1WashermanpetM. Vedachalam DMK34,57150.7M. Mayandi Nadar INC27,32940.087,242
2HarbourH. Baig Independent29,36051.69K. S. G. Haja Shareef INC25,51044.913,850
3Basin BridgeM. R. Kannan DMK40,10953.81K. Ramdas INC30,75741.269,352
4Park TownH. V. Hande SWA29,14451.57T. N. Anandanayaki INC26,46546.832,679
5PeramburSathyavani Muthu DMK40,36454.19D. Sulochana INC33,67745.216,687
6PurasawalkamV. S. Govindarajan DMK41,27258.04Damodaran INC29,04640.8512,226
7EgmoreA. V. P. Asaithambi DMK36,13354.2J. Vencatachellum INC29,18743.786,946
8Thousand LightsK. A. Mathiazhagan DMK39,51860.27M. Sivaraj INC25,37038.6914,148
9TriplicaneV. R. Nedunchezhiyan DMK38,72159.41M. S. Sammandappa INC26,02739.9312,694
10MylaporeArangannal DMK37,49857.02V. R. Radhakrishnan INC28,27042.989,228
11Thiyagaraya NagarM. P. Sivagnanam DMK37,66257.36K. M. Subramaniam Independent27,66942.149,993
12SaidapetM. Karunanidhi DMK53,40160.96S. G. Vinayagamurthi INC32,91937.5820,482
13GummidipoondiK. Vezhavendan DMK35,88752.57Kamalambujammal INC31,52746.194,360
14PonneriP. Nagalingam DMK37,74656.61T. P. Elumalai INC27,75141.629,995
15ThiruvottiyurA. P. Arasu DMK51,43761.23V. Venkateswaralu INC32,56438.7718,873
16St Thomas MountM. G. Ramachandran DMK54,10666.67T. L. Raghupathy INC26,43232.5727,674
17ThiruporurM. Adhi DMK39,04760.03N. M. Manivarama INC22,63134.7916,416
18ChengalpattuC. G. Viswanathan DMK43,42862.77T. Naicker INC19,87928.7323,549
19MaduranthakamKothandam DMK38,38259.2G. Reddy INC25,20038.8713,182
20AcharapakkamP. S. Ellappan SWA38,22362.11P. Saradambal INC23,32237.8914,901
21UthiramerurK. M. Rajagopal DMK47,68964.01O. S. Reddiar INC26,81435.9920,875
22KancheepuramN. Krishnan DMK 45,26656.78V. C. S. Nayagar INC33,71642.311,550
23KunnathurM. Gopal DMK47,77268.88P. Appavoo INC20,56329.6527,209
24SriperumbudurD. Rajarathinam DMK41,65554.13M. Bhaktavatsalam INC32,72942.538,926
25KadambathurC. V. M. Annamalai DMK43,49966.68C. C. Naidu INC21,74133.3221,758
26ThiruvallurS. M. Dorairaj DMK40,68766.06V. S. Arunachalam INC19,03030.921,657
27TiruttaniK. Vinayakam INC27,12340.34V. K. Kuppuswamy DMK25,33737.681,786
28ArakkonamS. J. Ramaswamy Mudali DMK38,47852.78B. Naidu INC30,87042.357,608
29SholingurAranganathan DMK35,22551.67A. M. Ponnuranga Mudaliar INC28,20141.377,024
30RanipetA. G. Sahib Independent30,01145.14S. K. Sheriff INC28,95343.551,058
31ArcotArcot N. Veeraswami DMK37,51460.13A. G. R. Naicker INC23,18437.1614,330
32KatpadiG. Natarajan DMK32,95253.06P. S. R. Naidu INC25,03240.37,920
33GudiyathamV. K. Kothandaraman CPI(M)38,82561.21B. R. Naidu INC21,90134.5316,924
34PernambattuP. Jayaraman DMK28,86854.75T. Manavalan INC19,95737.858,911
35NatrampalliT. C. T. Gounder DMK29,21552.18R. C. S. Gounder INC26,77647.822,439
36Tirupattur (Vellore)C. Gounder DMK32,58949.8Shunmugam INC30,51246.622,077
37VaniyambadiRajamannar INC26,94650.77Vadivel DMK25,30847.691,638
38AmburM. Panneerselvam DMK31,55456.35P. Rajagopal INC 20,94737.4110,607
39KaniyambadiL. Balaraman INC29,51249.62T. Thiruvengadam DMK28,10047.241,412
40VelloreM. P. Sarathy DMK39,86358.96J. Mudaliar INC25,44937.6414,414
41AraniA. C. Narasimhan DMK38,03860.74T. B. J. Chettiar INC17,32027.6620,718
42CheyyarK. Govindan DMK37,06854.86K. M. Kangan INC17,39525.7419,673
43VandavasiMuthulingam DMK38,62661.25A. Adineelam INC21,30033.7817,326
44PernamallurV. D. A. Mudaly DMK29,41346.25P. Ramachandran INC20,22531.89,188
45PolurS. Kuppamal DMK33,29256.92S. M. Annamalai INC20,22434.5813,068
46ChengamP. S. Santhanam DMK29,82856.84A. Arumugham INC18,77335.7711,055
47ThandarambattuK. S. Kandar INC29,52450.31R. Dharmalingam DMK28,18548.031,339
48KalasapakkamS. Murugaiyan INC32,69751.37M. Sundarasan DMK20,55432.312,143
49TiruvannamalaiD. Vijayaraj INC38,15349.39P. U. Shanmugam DMK34,96845.263,185
50MelmalayanurR. R. Munusamy DMK33,11550.68K. G. Gounder INC17,29526.4715,820
51GingeeV. Munusami DMK39,51755.59G. Rajaram INC27,90539.2611,612
52TindivanamK. Ramamoorthy INC34,10651.59A. Thangavelu DMK32,00848.412,098
53VanurBalakrishnan DMK30,02350.06Velayudham INC29,95349.9470
54KandamangalamM. Raman DMK35,61755.83M. S. Saraswathi INC28,18044.177,437
55VillupuramM. Shanmugam DMK37,60553.73V. P. S. Gounder INC31,67445.265,931
56NellikuppamC. Govindarajan CPI(M)28,09047.24A. Lakshminarayanan INC23,11738.884,973
57CuddaloreEre. Elamvazhuthi DMK35,09355.09P. R. Seenivasa Padayachi INC27,84543.717,248
58PanrutiS. Ramachandaran DMK43,74560.82S. V. Vadivelu Padayachi INC28,17939.1815,566
59KurinjipadiN. Rajangam DMK25,47854.5M. Jayaraman INC18,22638.997,252
60BhuvanagiriA. Govindarasan DMK38,79556.28D. Ramachandran INC28,23440.9610,561
61KattumannarkoilS. Sivasubramanian INC30,52148.34C. Govindarasu DMK30,38748.13134
62ChidambaramR. Kanagasabai Pillai INC34,91149.18P. Ponchockalingam DMK33,35646.991,555
63VriddhachalamG. Boovaraghan INC42,23054.77M. Selvaraj DMK33,36343.278,867
64MangaloreA. Krishnan DMK34,53856.67P. Vedamanickam INC21,66935.5612,869
65UlundurpetM. Kandaswamy Padayachi INC26,79647.23V. S. Padayachi DMK25,23644.481,560
66TirukkoyilurE. M. Subramaniam INC34,25951.25A. S. Kumarasamy DMK32,58648.751,673
67MugaiyurA. Govindasamy DMK37,59856.42N. K Ganapathy INC25,55538.3512,043
68RishivandiyamM. Anandan DMK26,49149.6L. Anandan INC26,17349318
69SankarapuramS. P. Pachaiyappan DMK28,29254.75D. Muthusami INC22,77444.075,518
70KallakurichiD. K. Naidu DMK39,17556.38V. T. Elayapillai INC28,64241.2210,533
71HosurB. Venkataswami SWA21,53052.69K. A. Pillai INC19,32947.312,201
72UddanapalleK. S. Kothandramiah SWA29,39165.75D. C. Vijendriah INC15,31334.2514,078
73KrishnagiriP. M. M. Gounder INC24,22047.31C. Manniappan DMK24,03546.95185
74KaveripatnamP. Naidu INC32,95352.74P. V. Seeramulu DMK29,53247.263,421
75UttangaraiT. T. Gounder INC31,79149.06K. R. Krishnan DMK29,75145.912,040
76HarurN. Theerthagiri INC27,56548.09N. Arumugam DMK27,01747.14548
77DharmapuriM. S. Gounter DMK36,25853.02D. N. Vadivel INC29,56743.236,691
78PalacodeK. Murugesan INC29,18650.05M. B. Munusamy DMK26,09644.753,090
79PennagaramP. K. C. Muthusamy INC27,91349.2N. Manickam DMK26,57046.841,343
80MetturM. Surendran PSP30,63548.78K. K. Gounder INC24,59739.176,038
81TaramangalamGovindan DMK33,22257.8M. S. Krishnan INC24,25942.28,963
82OmalurC. Palani DMK28,12156.17C. Govindan INC17,87635.7110,245
83Salem IK. Jayaraman DMK46,77657.92P. Thiagarajan INC32,71040.5114,066
84Salem I IE. R. Krishnan DMK38,78158A. R. Gounder INC27,28540.8111,496
85YercaudV. Chinnasamy DMK25,12456.25Ponnudurai INC19,53743.755,587
86PanamarathupattiKaripatti T. Ponnumalai DMK34,59753.7C. Sepperumal DMK26,87041.77,727
87VeerapandiVeerapandy S. Arumugam DMK42,68166.11N. S. Sundararajan INC21,87633.8920,805
88EdappadiA. Arumugam DMK36,93554.7K. S. S. Gounder INC30,59345.36,342
89SankariR. Nallamuthu DMK30,11261.7A. Rajendran INC17,17435.1912,938
90TiruchengoduT. A. Rajavelu DMK42,47964.73T. P. Natesan INC22,13133.7220,348
91KapilamalaiC. V. Velappan DMK41,02652.25R. S. Gounder INC32,73341.698,293
92NamakkalM. Muthuswamy DMK39,51054.37V. R. K. Gounder INC31,65143.557,859
93SendamangalamA. S. Gounder INC31,30850.62S. T. Doraiswamy CPI(M)30,53749.38771
94RasipuramP. Periasamy DMK38,40252.53K. M. Gounder INC30,87342.237,529
95AtturK. N. Sivaperumal DMK40,45657.22M. P. Subramanyam INC30,25242.7810,204
96TalavasalMoo. Marimuthu DMK33,28955.39A. Doraisamy INC24,44840.688,841
97GudalurC. Nanjam INC20,67549.24Bomman SWA20,04747.74628
98UdhagamandalamK. Bojan SWA37,52568.03T. K. Gowder INC17,63631.9719,889
99CoonoorB. Gowder DMK31,85558.74M. K. N. Gowder INC22,38041.269,475
100MettupalayamT. T. S. Thippiah INC29,70945.42Thooyamani DMK26,73640.872,973
101AvanashiR. K. Gounder SWA31,92754.36K. M. Gounder INC26,80845.645,119
102ThondamuthurR. Manickavachakam DMK42,26159.14V. E. Naidu INC26,84237.5615,419
103SinganallurP. Velusamy PSP38,37854.93V. K. L. Gounder INC25,11535.9513,263
104PerurN. Marudachalam CPI(M)43,74061.49R. Rayappan INC26,54837.3217,192
105Coimbatore (West)J, Govindarajulu DMK41,05963.85S. R. P. P. Chettiar INC23,25136.1517,808
106Coimbatore (East)M. Bhupathy CPI(M)33,12250.81G. R. Damodaran INC27,47742.155,645
107KinathukadavuM. Kannappan DMK40,64564.63S. Gounder INC20,69132.919,954
108PollachiA. P. Shanmugasundara Goundar DMK37,48058.65E. Gounder INC25,68840.211,792
109ValparaiE. Ramaswamy DMK40,94566.24N. Nachimuthu INC20,86833.7620,077
110UdumalaipettaiS. J. Sadiq Pasha DMK39,79658.17K. Ramasami INC25,77837.6814,018
111DharapuramPalaniammal DMK42,43365P. Velusamy INC21,80033.3920,633
112VellakoilK. N. S. Gounder DMK46,00962.44D. P. Gounder INC26,57836.0719,431
113KangayamA. S. Gounder INC24,80036.41Velusami DMK24,65436.19146
114PongalurP. N. P. Gounder DMK38,37161.75P. S. Rangaswamy INC22,41436.0715,957
115PalladamK. N. Kumarasamy Gounder PSP31,97746.99R. Sengaliappan INC24,42135.897,556
116TiruppurS. Duraisamy DMK35,51850.05K. N. P. Gounder INC21,37330.1214,145
117ModakkurichiK. R. Nallasivam SSP45,30361.23C. Kulandiammal INC25,44434.3919,859
118PerunduraiS. Balasubramanian SSP33,16447.41N. N. S. Nandradiar INC30,03042.933,134
119ErodeM. Chinnaswamy DMK45,47159.14P. Arjunan INC25,80833.5719,663
120BhavaniA. M. Raja DMK43,35365.16P. K. Mudaliar INC21,99933.0721,354
121AnthiyurE. M. Natarajan DMK34,87755.99Gurumurthi INC27,40944.017,468
122GobichettipalayamK. M. R. Gounder SWA31,97452.61M. Gounder INC27,40345.094,571
123SatyamangalamP. G. Karuthiruman INC25,48449.22S. M. Marappan CPI(M)24,27846.891,206
124BhavanisagarRamarasan DMK26,98051.76M. Velusamy INC22,18742.574,793
125OddanchatramN. Gounder DMK39,81755.55A. P. Palaniappan INC30,95343.188,864
126PalaniKrishnamoorthy DMK47,67165.8Balakrishnan INC24,78034.222,891
127PeriyakulamM. Metha DMK36,02354.85R. S. Subramaniam INC29,64845.156,375
128BodinayakkanurS. Srinivasan INC34,67149.83P. V. Durairaj CPI(M)33,90548.73766
129CumbumRajangam DMK41,44059.66N. S. K. S. Pandiaraj INC28,02540.3413,415
130TheniP. T. R. Palanivel Rajan DMK42,11158.73M. Malaichami INC29,59741.2712,514
131AndipattiS. Paramasivam SWA35,35154.86A. Thiruvenkidasamy INC29,09145.146,260
132SedapattiV. T. Thevar SWA41,16763.84T. A. Nadar INC21,55333.4219,614
133TirumangalamN. S. V. Chitthan INC20,31933.58M. P. Rajan SWA17,06228.23,257
134UsilampattiP.K. Mookiah Thevar AIFB44,71472.11A. M. N. Thevar INC16,22526.1728,489
135NilakottaiA. Muniyandi DMK37,60157.71V. K. L. Gounder INC25,11535.9512,486
136SholavandanP. S. Maniyan DMK45,22160.19R. S. Servai INC28,72838.2416,493
137ThiruparankundramS. Agniraju DMK49,16963.94S. Sonaimuthu INC26,79234.8422,377
138Madurai WestN. Sankaraiah CPI(M)46,88259.42M. Chelliah INC23,01229.1723,870
139Madurai CentralC. Govindarajan DMK39,56662.86V. Sankaran INC22,78736.216,779
140Madurai EastK. P. Janakiammal CPI(M)32,17350.32A. G. Subburaman INC23,92937.438,244
141Melur (South)O. P. Raman DMK50,91363.41P. Kakkan INC29,37636.5921,537
142Melur (North)P. Malaichamy DMK38,89556.15M. Andi Ambalam INC30,37643.858,519
143VadamaduraiP. T. Naicker INC30,50749.11V. S. Lakshmanan DMK28,65146.131,856
144DindigulA. Balasubramanayam CPI(M)42,38158.93O. C. Pillai INC29,53741.0712,844
145AthoorV. S. S. Mani Chettiyar DMK37,87950.7R. R. Reddiar INC36,12448.361,755
146VedasandurN. Varadaraj CPI(M)30,06348.16S. N. Rao INC29,37247.05691
147AravakurichiS. K. Gounder SWA46,61467.46V. P. Gounder INC22,48232.5424,132
148KarurT. M. Nallaswamy INC33,55244.95S. Nallaswamy CPI(M)28,67738.424,875
149ThottiyamVadivel DMK39,70153.94T. Veerappan INC29,67040.3110,031
150MusiriP. S. Muthuselvan DMK32,61551.48K. V. K. Reddiar INC27,75043.84,865
151UppiliapuramT. P. Alagamuthu DMK43,45356.29A. V. Mudaliar INC31,41640.6912,037
152PerambalurJ. S. Raju DMK33,65751.03M. Ayyakannu INC28,86443.764,793
153VarahurR. Narayanan DMK32,84649.64M. V. Perumal INC20,53331.0312,313
154AndimadamK. N. Ramachandran DMK32,25348.25N. Manickam DMK26,57046.845,683
155JayankondamK. A. A. K. Moorthy DMK34,75152.57S. Ramasami INC28,79143.565,960
156AriyalurR. Karuppiam INC26,44037.37G. Sepperumal DMK25,01735.361,423
157LalgudiD. Natarajan DMK37,35250.63D. R. Udaiyar INC34,71247.052,640
158SrirangamS. Ramalingam INC34,47450.48P. Ponchockalingam DMK33,35646.991,118
159Tiruchirappalli IM. S. Mani DMK 34,50452.07A. S. G. L. Piliai INC31,19947.083,305
160Tiruchirappalli IiR. Nagasundaram DMK26,04846.08M. K. M. A. Salam INC18,84233.337,206
161ThiruverumburV. Swaminathan INC33,51350.15K. Kamakshi DMK28,88443.224,629
162KulithalaiM. Kandaswamy DMK36,12049.68P. E. S. Reddiar INC32,30544.433,815
163KrishnarayapuramP. Soundarapandiyan DMK28,44448.72T. V. Sannasi INC25,90344.372,541
164KadavurKaruraigiri Muthiah INC35,10254.94Anbil P. Dharmalingam DMK28,78845.066,314
165ViralimalaiS. S. Thethuvandar DMK30,28849.63P. P. Gounder INC26,35443.193,934
166ThirumayamPonnambalam DMK44,51162.79V. Ramiah INC24,29034.2620,221
167AlangudiK. V. Subbiah DMK32,98450.64T. A. S. Thangavelu INC32,14849.36836
168PudukkottaiR. V. Thondaiman INC45,34262.07Thiagarajan DMK25,25534.5720,087
169ThiruvaiyaruG. M. Sethurar DMK37,69351.94K. B. Palani INC34,16547.083,528
170ThanjavurA. Y. S. Parisutha Nadar INC33,22853.36S. Natarajan DMK28,71746.124,511
171PapanasamR. S. Mooppanar INC41,32356.57A. M. Sali Independent31,07742.5410,246
172ValangimanN. Somasundaram DMK34,43653.1R. Subramaniam INC30,41846.94,018
173KumbakonamN. Kasiraman INC37,27650.63K. S. Mani DMK36,08349.011,193
174AduthuraiA. Marimuthu INC36,53748.52M. G. Mani DMK31,96542.454,572
175SirkazhiK. B. S. Mani Independent34,31658.23R. Thangavelu INC21,50236.4812,814
176SembanarkoilS. Ganesan DMK40,45365.29S. Ramalingam INC21,50634.7118,947
177MayiladuthuraiN. Kittappa DMK33,72151.21M.R.Krishnappa INC 30,37946.143,342
178KuttalamG. B. Mohan CPI(M)31,54853.99M. Sivakadaksham INC24,81242.476,736
179KudavasalC. Krishnamoorthi DMK34,88054.96M. D. T. Pillai INC28,58545.046,295
180NannilamP. Jayaraj INC26,05346.36T. P. Ramachandran CPI(M)19,57134.836,482
181ThiruvarurP.S. Dhanushokody CPI(M)30,51048.04Vedaiyan. V INC27,95644.022,554
182NagapattinamK. R. Gnanasambandan CPI(M)36,59656.4R. R. V. Naidu INC26,46240.7810,134
183VedaranyamP. V. Thevar INC25,94238.71M. Meenakshisundaram DMK25,67838.32264
184ThiruthuraipoondiN. Dharumalingam DMK23,72838.04K. C. Manali CPI22,22635.631,502
185KotturA. K. Subbaih CPI28,15642.47C. M. Ambikapathy INC22,62734.135,529
186MannargudiT. S. Swaminatha Odayar INC32,48150.1S. Narayanaswamy DMK31,55848.67923
187OrathanaduL. Ganesan DMK45,23260.82M. D. Pillai INC29,13939.1816,093
188GandharvakottaiR. R. Durai INC34,66552.68D. G. Kalingarar DMK30,43446.254,231
189PattukkottaiA. R. Marimuthu PSP35,19854.6N. Ramasamy INC28,05643.527,142
190PeravuraniM. Krishnamurthy DMK35,50545.4A. V. Servai INC26,38733.749,118
191AranthangiA. Thurairasan DMK42,94353.11K. B. Dervaikarar INC36,52245.176,421
192Tiruppattur (Sivaganga)S. Madhavan DMK40,17058.73V. S. S. Chettiar INC26,53238.7913,638
193KaraikudiS. Meiyappan SWA38,31058.73C. V. C. V. V. Chettiar INC21,99233.7116,318
194TiruvadanaiK. Ambalam SWA37,55652.21M. Arunachalam INC33,58746.693,969
195IlayangudiV. Malaikannan DMK40,46157.44S. Ramachandran INC 29,97842.5610,483
196RamanathapuramT. Thangappan DMK35,88056.82S. R. Sethupathy INC27,27043.188,610
197KadaladiM. Alangaram DMK38,68161.5K. Paramalai INC20,55632.6818,125
198MudukulathurR. R. Thevar SWA33,79053.17S. A. Servai INC22,50035.411,290
199ParamakudiT. K. Siraimeetan DMK40,42856.67R. Thavasi INC25,96236.3914,466
200SivagangaS. Sethuraman DMK41,60459.22R. V. Swaminathan INC28,65440.7812,950
201ManamaduraiK. Cheemaichamy SWA30,75244.42C. B. Rena INC30,29943.77453
202KariapattiA. R. Perumal SWA28,48445.09P. M. Baskaran INC27,36643.321,118
203AruppukottaiS. S. Bharathi SWA34,15354.68T. K. Sundarm INC25,01240.049,141
204VirudhunagarP. Seenivasan DMK33,42149.9K. Kamaraj INC32,13647.981,285
205SatturS. Ramaswamy Naidu SWA45,22364.11R. Krishnasamy Naidu INC25,31335.8919,910
206SivakasiS. Alagu Thevar SWA38,41655.73R. R. Thevar INC26,91839.0511,498
207SrivilliputhurK. A. A. Gurusamy DMK36,73253.34S. P. Dharmaraj INC27,79140.368,941
208RajapalayamA. A. S. Raja Independent38,93653.29P. A. A. Raja INC25,67535.1413,261
209VilathikulamM. Rathinasabapathy DMK23,90537.47M. P. S. Reddiar Independent20,35031.93,555
210KovilpattiS. Alagarsamy CPI33,31155.02V. O. C. A. Pillai INC22,88537.810,426
211OttapidaramM. Muthiah SWA25,93745.45S. Dhanushkodi INC20,81436.475,123
212SankarankoilP. Durairaj DMK37,17362.79P. Urkavalan INC 19,21132.4517,962
213VasudevanallurA. Velladurai DMK33,86550.24M. P. Swamy INC26,88539.896,980
214KadayanallurA. R. Subbiah Mudaliar Independent36,34949.89S. M. A. Majid INC35,90349.28446
215TenkasiI. A. Chidambaram Pillai INC 34,56149.86K. M. K. Samsudin DMK33,81848.79743
216AlangulamAladi Aruna DMK33,50951.26A. B. Balagan INC30,93847.322,571
217AmbasamudramG. G. S. Dikshidar INC30,68246.35A. Nallasivan CPI(M)28,16942.552,513
218CheranmahadeviD. S. Adhimoolam SWA36,20653.78S. Chellapandian INC29,83144.316,375
219GangaikondanA. Karuppiah DMK34,79759.59M. Chellappa INC21,57636.9513,221
220TirunelveliA. L. Subramanian DMK41,58961.74M. S. M. Pillai INC25,36437.6516,225
221MelapalayamM. M. P. Mohammed Independent36,12355.04S. R. Reddiar INC27,99942.668,124
222SrivaikuntamS. P. Adithanar DMK41,82862.57R. Nadar INC22,76734.0619,061
223ThoothukkudiM. S. Sivasami DMK41,85160.61S. P. Nadar INC27,19339.3914,658
224TiruchendurE. Fernando DMK39,61956.06S. Nadar INC28,97140.9910,648
225SattangulamMartin INC31,14352.51Adithan DMK26,84645.274,297
226NanguneriN. Duraipandian INC33,26953.34T. G. Nadar DMK29,09746.664,172
227RadhapuramN. Soundarapandian INC31,58850.44V. Karthesan DMK31,04049.56548
228KanniyakumariB. M. Pillai INC37,99856.89S. M. Pillai SWA28,26042.319,738
229NagercoilM. C. Balan DMK36,50255.05T. Nadar INC29,81044.956,692
230ColachelA. Chidambaranatha Nadar INC29,32548.37S. Retnaraj SWA27,87945.991,446
231PadmanabhapuramV. George INC24,66146.06M. M. Ali CPI(M)17,73833.136,923
232ThiruvattarJ. James INC29,34554.47D. Gnanasingamoni CPI(M)21,25339.458,092
233VilavancodeR. Ponnappan Nadar INC27,51156.19P. M. N. Pillai Independent16,18433.0511,327
234KilliyoorWilliam INC21,42342.4Paniadimai SWA15,76731.25,656

Analysis

The effective grass roots campaigning by the DMK and the political acumen of Annadurai, defeated the Congress and its leader M. Bhaktavatsalam. The popularity of the United Front was so large that they were able to win an absolute majority in ten out of the 14 districts in the state, while Congress could not accomplish that in a single district. This was largely due to the fact that the United Front was able to capitalize on its growing support in large towns and cities, combined with the decline in Congress support in its traditional Schedule Caste constituencies.[24]

Margin of Victory

The following table shows the number of seats won by corresponding parties, by the margin of votes.[24]

Party Less than 500 500-1000 1000-3000 3000-5000 5000-10000 10000-20000 20000+
DMK 3 1 10 9 42 56 17
SWA 5 1 5 8 1
INC 5 5 20 10 5 3 1
CPI(M) 1 1 4 4 1

Notable losses

The former chief minister and popular leader of the Indian National Congress, K. Kamaraj lost his seat in Virudunagar by 1285 votes to the student leader P. Seenivasan from the DMK. A few days before the election, Kamaraj had an accident and could not campaign. This led to his famous declaration that he would win lying down (Tamil: படுத்துக் கொண்டே ஜெயிப்பேன்).[7] He lost the election along with the incumbent Chief Minister M. Bakthavatsalam, who lost his seat in Sriperumbudur to D. Rajarathinam from the DMK by 8926 votes. Except for G. Bhuvaraghan (the minister for Information and Publicity), all ministers of the outgoing Bakthavatsalam cabinet were defeated in this election.[27][28]

There was a post-result wall-painting in Virudhunagar by DMK which said "படிக்காத காமராஜரை படித்த இளைஞன் சீனிவாசன் தோற்கடித்தார்!" ( The illiterate Kamaraj was defeated by Graduate Youth Sreenivasan!). The Congress replied with "படிக்காத முதல்வர் காமராஜர் அன்று கட்டிய அரசு கல்விக்கூடங்களில் படித்து பட்டம் வாங்கிய இளைஞன் சீனிவாசன், இப்போது அதே காமராஜரை தோற்கடித்தான்" ( The Seenivasan who studied and graduated in Education Institutes built under orders of then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu illiterate Kamaraj, has now defeated the same Kamaraj)

Government formation

The election results were announced on 23 February 1967 and the DMK won an absolute majority on its own. It had increased its vote share to 40.6% from 27.1% in 1962 election. Annadurai resigned as the Member of Parliament from the Rajya sabha. Annadurai was nominated as Chief Minister of Madras State and staked a claim to form a Government on 2 March 1967. He was sworn in by Governor Ujjal Singh on 6 March 1967 in Rajaji Hall. He was later elected to the Madras Legislative Council on 22 April 1967.[29][30]

Annadurai's Cabinet

The council of ministers in C. N. Annadurai's cabinet (6 March 1967 – 10 February 1969) were all from the DMK and they are listed in the following table.[31]

Minister Portfolios
C.N. Annadurai Chief Minister, General Administration, Finance, Civil services, Planning, Police, Prohibition, Overseas Indians, Refugees and Evacuees
V. R. Nedunchezhiyan Education, Industries, Official Language, Textiles, Yarn, Handlooms, Mines and Minerals, Electricity, Iron and Steel, Companies and Religious Endowments
M. Karunanidhi Public Works, Highways, Transport, Ports and Minor Irrigation
K. A. Mathialagan Food, Revenue and Commercial Taxes
A. Govindasamy Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Fisheries, Forests and Chinchona
S. J. Sadiq Pasha Public Health
Satyavani Muthu Harijan Welfare and Information
M. Muthuswamy Local Administration, Community Development, Khadi and Village Industries, Bhoodan and Gramdhan, Ex-servicemen
S. Madhavan Law, Co-operation and Housing
N. V. Natarajan Labour

See also

References

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  2. 1 2 3 "The Madras Legislative Assembly, 1962-67, A Review" (PDF). assembly.tn.gov.in. 24 August 1967. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 June 2021.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Hardgrave, Robert L. Jr. (Winter 1964–1965). "The DMK and the Politics of Tamil Nationalism". Pacific Affairs. Pacific Affairs, University of British Columbia. 37 (4): 410. doi:10.2307/2755132. JSTOR 2755132.
  4. 1 2 Chandra, Kanchan (15 February 2007). Why Ethnic Parties Succeed: Patronage and Ethnic Head Counts in India. Cambridge University Press. p. 276. ISBN 978-0-521-89141-7. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
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  6. "The politics of rice", The Hindu Business Line, 12 May 2006, archived from the original on 17 May 2008, retrieved 16 November 2009
  7. 1 2 3 "The politics of Bioscope - Part 12, Thinnai.com (in Tamil)". Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 16 November 2009.
  8. Velayutham, Selvaraj (2001). Tamil cinema: the cultural politics of India's other film industry. New York: Routledge. p. 116. ISBN 0-415-39680-8. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
  9. 1 2 3 In India the term "Contest" is used to denote participation in an election. The Representation of People Act of 1951, the legislation which governs elections in India uses the term and so does the Election Commission of India."FAQs - Contesting for Elections". Election Commission of India. Archived from the original on 5 October 2010. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
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  12. "Ariyapadavendiya Anna, Kalachuvadu Magazine (in Tamil)". Archived from the original on 4 January 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2009.
  13. B. N. Pandey (1977). Leadership in South Asia. p. 434.
  14. Menon, Mukundan C. (18 March 1989), "How the Communists Fared", Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 549–550, JSTOR 4394522
  15. Jayakanthan, D (2006). A Literary Man's Political Experiences. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House. p. 195. ISBN 978-1-4067-3569-7. Archived from the original on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
  16. Selvaraj Velayudham (2008). Tamil cinema: the cultural politics of India's other film industry. Routledge. p. 73. ISBN 9780415396806. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2020.
  17. "The politics of Bioscope - Part 11, Thinnai.com (in Tamil)". Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2009.
  18. "The politics of Bioscope - Part 20, Thinnai.com (in Tamil)". Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2009.
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  21. "1967 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India" (PDF). 19 April 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2012.
  22. Karunakaran, Kotta P. (1975). Coalition governments in India: problems and prospects. Indian Institute of Advanced Study. p. 233.
  23. "Tamil Nadu 1967".
  24. 1 2 3 Siddhartan, N. S. (17 June 1967). "Voting Pattern in the Fourth General Election. I: D M K Success in Madras". Economic and Political Weekly. 2 (24): 1083–88. JSTOR 4358065.
  25. India, a reference annual. Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. 1967. p. 437. Archived from the original on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
  26. Ross Barnett, Marguerite (1975). Electoral politics in the Indian states: party systems and cleavages. Manohar Book Service. p. 86. Archived from the original on 18 February 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
  27. Kandaswamy. P (2008). The political Career of K. Kamaraj. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 116–18. ASIN B00069WY4K. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
  28. Election rewind (in Tamil)
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  31. India, a reference annual. Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. 1968. p. 447. Archived from the original on 6 July 2014. Retrieved 24 September 2016.

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