1971–72 NCAA University Division men's basketball rankings | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Season | 1971–72 | ||||
NCAA Tournament | 1972 | ||||
Preseason No. 1 | |||||
NCAA Tournament Champions | UCLA | ||||
|
The 1971–72 NCAA University Division men's basketball rankings was made up of two human polls, the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll, in addition to various other preseason polls.
Legend
Increase in ranking | ||
Decrease in ranking | ||
New to rankings from previous week | ||
Italics | Number of first place votes | |
(#–#) | Win–loss record | |
т | Tied with team above or below also with this symbol |
AP Poll
Preseason [1][2] | Week 1 Dec. 6[1][3] | Week 2 Dec. 13[1][4] | Week 3 Dec. 20[1][5] | Week 4 Dec. 27[1][6] | Week 5 Jan. 3[1][7] | Week 6 Jan. 10[1][8] | Week 7 Jan. 17[1][9] | Week 8 Jan. 24[1][10] | Week 9 Jan. 31[1][11] | Week 10 Feb. 7[1][12] | Week 11 Feb. 14[1][13] | Week 12 Feb. 21[14][15] | Week 13 Feb. 28[14][16] | Week 14 Mar. 6[14][17] | Final Mar. 13[14][18] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | UCLA | UCLA (2–0) | UCLA (4–0) | UCLA (4–0) | UCLA (6–0) | UCLA (8–0) | UCLA (10–0) | UCLA (12–0) | UCLA (14–0) | UCLA (16–0) | UCLA (17–0) | UCLA (19–0) | UCLA (20–0) | UCLA (23–0) | UCLA (25–0) | UCLA (26–0) | 1. |
2. | North Carolina | Marquette (2–0) | Marquette (4–0) | Marquette (5–0) | Marquette (6–0) | Marquette (8–0) | Marquette (10–0) | Marquette (12–0) | Marquette (14–0) | Marquette (16–0) | Marquette (17–0) | Marquette (19–0) | Marquette (22–0) | Louisville (20–2) | Penn (23–2) | North Carolina (23–4) | 2. |
3. | USC | North Carolina (2–0) | South Carolina (4–0) | South Carolina (4–0) | South Carolina (5–0) | North Carolina (8–1) | North Carolina (9–1) | North Carolina (11–1) | Louisville (12–1) | Louisville (15–1) | North Carolina (16–2) | North Carolina (17–2) | Louisville (19–2) | North Carolina (20–3) | North Carolina (21–4) | Penn (23–2) | 3. |
4. | Marquette | Ohio State (2–0) | North Carolina (3–1) | North Carolina (5–1) | North Carolina (5–1) | South Carolina (7–1) | South Carolina (7–2) | Long Beach State (14–1) | Long Beach State (15–1) | North Carolina (13–2) | Louisville (16–2) | Louisville (18–2) | Penn (18–2) | Penn (20–2) | Louisville (20–3) | Louisville (24–3) | 4. |
5. | Ohio State | Maryland (2–0) | Penn (4–0) | USC (5–1) | USC (6–1) | Indiana (8–1) | Louisville (9–1) | South Carolina (8–2) | North Carolina (12–2) | Long Beach State (16–1) | Penn (14–2) | Penn (16–2) | North Carolina (18–3) | Marquette (22–1) | Long Beach State (23–3) | Long Beach State (23–3) | 5. |
6. | Maryland | Long Beach State (2–0) | BYU (4–0) | Ohio State (4–1) | Ohio State (6–1) | Penn (7–1) | Penn (9–1) | Louisville (11–1) | Ohio State (11–2) | Penn (12–2) | Virginia (15–1) | Virginia (17–1) | Long Beach State (21–3) | Long Beach State (23–3) | South Carolina (22–4) | South Carolina (22–4) | 6. |
7. | Houston | Kentucky (2–0) | Kentucky (3–1) | BYU (6–1) | Indiana (6–1) | Louisville (8–1) | Long Beach State (12–1) | Ohio State (10–2) | USC (11–2) | Virginia (13–1) | Ohio State (14–3) | South Carolina (16–3) | BYU (18–3) | BYU (20–3) | Marquette (24–2) | Marquette (24–2) | 7. |
8. | Long Beach State | Jacksonville (2–0) | St. John's (3–1) | Indiana (5–1) | BYU (7–1) | Long Beach State (9–1) | Virginia (11–0) | USC (11–2) | Virginia (12–1) | South Carolina (12–3) | Long Beach State (18–2) | Ohio State (15–4) | Marshall (21–2) | South Carolina (19–4) | BYU (20–4) | Southwestern Louisiana (24–3) | 8. |
9. | Louisville | Michigan (2–0) | Florida State (5–0) | Long Beach State (5–1) | St. John's (7–1) | Virginia (9–0) | Ohio State (9–2) | Virginia (12–1) | Penn (10–2) | Ohio State (12–3) | South Carolina (16–3) | Long Beach State (19–3) | South Carolina (17–4) | Marshall (22–2) | Southwestern Louisiana (23–3) | BYU (21–5) | 9. |
10. | Kentucky | Penn (2–0) | Ohio State (3–1) | St. John's (5–1) | Long Beach State (7–1) | Ohio State (7–2) | USC (9–2) | Penn (9–2) | Florida State (15–2) | BYU (14–2) | BYU (16–2) | Marshall (19–2) | Southwestern Louisiana (20–2) | Florida State (23–4) | Marshall (23–3) | Florida State (24–5) | 10. |
11. | Jacksonville | South Carolina (1–0) | USC (3–1) | Kentucky (5–2) | Virginia (7–0) | USC (7–2) | Villanova (10–1) | Florida State (13–2) | South Carolina (10–3) | Marshall (15–2) | Marshall (17–2) | BYU (17–3) | Florida State (21–4) | Southwestern Louisiana (22–3) | Memphis State (21–5) | Minnesota (17–6) | 11. |
12. | South Carolina | Houston (2–1) | Indiana (4–0) | Southwestern Louisiana (4–1) | Kentucky (5–2) | Maryland (8–1) | Florida State (11–2) | Southwestern Louisiana (11–1) | Southwestern Louisiana (12–1) | Florida State (16–3) | Providence (14–2) | Southwestern Louisiana (17–2) | Maryland (17–3) | Virginia (20–4) | Hawaii (24–2) | Marshall (23–4) | 12. |
13. | Michigan | USC (1–1) | Long Beach State (3–0) | Penn (4–1) | Southwestern Louisiana (4–1) | Marshall (9–1) | Southwestern Louisiana (8–1) | BYU (11–2) | BYU (12–2) | Southwestern Louisiana (13–2) | Southwestern Louisiana (14–2) | Providence (14–2) | Virginia (18–3) | Houston (19–5) | Maryland (21–4) | Memphis State (21–6) | 13. |
14. | Kansas | St. John's (1–0) | Jacksonville (4–1) | Florida State (5–1) | Penn (5–1) | Villanova (9–1) | BYU (10–2) | Princeton (14–2) | Marshall (14–2) | Hawaii (17–1) | Florida State (17–4) | Florida State (19–4) | Missouri (19–3) | Ohio State (16–5) | Florida State (23–5) | Maryland (23–5) | 14. |
15. | Penn | BYU (2–0) | Maryland (2–1) | Maryland (4–1) | Louisville (5–1) | Southwestern Louisiana (5–1) | Kentucky (8–2) | Villanova (11–2) | Hawaii (15–1) | Missouri (14–2) | Memphis State (14–4) | Missouri (17–3) | Ohio State (15–5) | Hawaii (24–2) | Virginia (20–5) | Villanova (19–6) | 15. |
16. | New Mexico | Louisville (1–1) | Southwestern Louisiana (4–1) | Jacksonville (5–1) | Maryland (6–1) | Hawaii (9–0) | Illinois (9–1) | Marshall (12–2) | Minnesota (10–3) | Providence (13–2) | Jacksonville (14–2) | Hawaii (20–2) | Houston (17–5) | Michigan (13–7) | Minnesota (16–6) | Oral Roberts (25–1) | 16. |
17. | St. John's | Arizona State (2–0) | Louisville (3–1) | Ohio (3–1) | Marshall (7–0) | St. John's (8–2) | Indiana (8–3) | Minnesota (8–3) | Princeton (14–3) | Jacksonville (12–2) | Missouri (15–3) | Kentucky (15–4) | Hawaii (22–2) | Oral Roberts (22–1) | Oral Roberts (24–1) | Indiana (17–7) | 17. |
18. | Villanova | Florida State (2–0) т | Princeton (3–1) | Virginia (5–0) | Hawaii (6–0) | BYU (8–2) | Missouri (11–1) | Hawaii (13–1) | Maryland (11–2) | USC (11–5) | Hawaii (18–2) | Memphis State (15–5) | Kentucky (17–4) | Maryland (18–4) | Missouri (21–4) | Kentucky (20–6) | 18. |
19. | BYU | Villanova (2–1) т | Virginia (4–0) | Louisville (3–1) | West Virginia (5–0) | Kentucky (7–2) | Hawaii (10–1) | Tennessee (8–2) | Northern Illinois (10–1) | Minnesota (11–4) | Minnesota (12–4) | Maryland (16–3) | Memphis State (17–5) | Missouri (19–4) | Houston (20–6) | Ohio State (18–6) | 19. |
20. | Oklahoma | NC State (2–0) | Houston (3–2) | Marshall (6–0) | Tennessee (3–1) | Florida State (8–2) | Marshall (10–2) | Northern Illinois (10–1) | Missouri (13–2) | Michigan (10–6) | Duquesne (14–2) | Tennessee (13–4) | Oral Roberts (20–1) | Memphis State (19–5) | Indiana (15–7) | Virginia (21–6) | 20. |
Preseason [1][19] | Week 1 Dec. 6[1][20] | Week 2 Dec. 13[1][21] | Week 3 Dec. 20[1][22] | Week 4 Dec. 27[1][23] | Week 5 Jan. 3[1][24] | Week 6 Jan. 10[1][25] | Week 7 Jan. 17[1][26] | Week 8 Jan. 24[1][27] | Week 9 Jan. 31[1][28] | Week 10 Feb. 7[1][29] | Week 11 Feb. 14[1][30] | Week 12 Feb. 21[14][31] | Week 13 Feb. 28[14][32] | Week 14 Mar. 6[14][33] | Final Mar. 13[14][34] | ||
Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
|
Coaches Poll
Preseason [1] | Week 1 Dec. 7[1] | Week 2 Dec. 14[1] | Week 3 Dec. 21[1] | Week 4 Dec. 28[1] | Week 5 Jan. 4[1] | Week 6 Jan. 11[1] | Week 7 Jan. 18[1] | Week 8 Jan. 25[1] | Week 9 Feb. 1[1] | Week 10 Feb. 8[1] | Week 11 Feb. 15[1] | Week 12 Feb. 22[14] | Week 13 Feb. 29[14] | Week 14 Mar. 7[14] | Final Mar. 14[14] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | UCLA | UCLA (2–0) | UCLA (4–0) | UCLA (4–0) | UCLA (6–0) | UCLA (8–0) | UCLA (10–0) | UCLA (12–0) | UCLA (14–0) | UCLA (16–0) | UCLA (17–0) | UCLA (19–0) | UCLA (20–0) | UCLA (23–0) | UCLA (25–0) | UCLA (26–0) | 1. |
2. | Marquette | North Carolina (2–0) | Marquette (4–0) | Marquette (5–0) | Marquette (6–0) | Marquette (8–0) | Marquette (10–0) | Marquette (12–0) | Marquette (14–0) | Marquette (16–0) | Marquette (17–0) | Marquette (19–0) | Marquette (22–0) | North Carolina (20–3) | North Carolina (21–4) | North Carolina (23–4) | 2. |
3. | USC | Marquette (2–0) | South Carolina (4–0) | South Carolina (4–0) | South Carolina (5–0) | North Carolina (8–1) | North Carolina (9–1) | North Carolina (11–1) | Louisville (12–1) | Louisville (15–1) | North Carolina (16–2) | North Carolina (17–2) | North Carolina (18–3) | Louisville (20–2) | Penn (23–2) | Penn (23–2) | 3. |
4. | North Carolina | Ohio State (2–0) | BYU (4–0) | North Carolina (5–1) | North Carolina (5–1) | South Carolina (7–1) | South Carolina (7–2) | South Carolina (8–2) | Long Beach State (15–1) | North Carolina (13–2) | Louisville (16–2) | South Carolina (16–3) | Penn (18–2) | Penn (20–2) | South Carolina (22–4) | Louisville (24–3) | 4. |
5. | Ohio State | Maryland (2–0) | North Carolina (3–1) | USC (5–1) | USC (6–1) | Indiana (8–1) | Penn (9–1) | Louisville (11–1) | North Carolina (12–2) | Long Beach State (16–1) | Penn (14–2) | Penn (16–2) | Louisville (19–2) | Marquette (22–1) | Long Beach State (23–3) | South Carolina (22–4) | 5. |
6. | Houston | Kentucky (2–0) | St. John's (3–1) | Ohio State (4–1) | Ohio State (6–1) | Louisville (8–1) | Louisville (9–1) | Long Beach State (14–1) т | Ohio State (11–2) | South Carolina (12–3) | South Carolina (16–3) | Louisville (18–2) | Long Beach State (21–3) | South Carolina (19–4) | Louisville (20–3) | Long Beach State (23–3) | 6. |
7. | Maryland | Long Beach State (2–0) | Ohio State (3–1) | Long Beach State (5–1) | Indiana (6–1) | Penn (7–1) | Long Beach State (12–1) | Ohio State (10–2) т | USC (11–2) | Penn (12–2) | Ohio State (14–3) | Virginia (17–1) | BYU (18–3) т | BYU (20–3) | Marquette (24–2) | Marquette (24–2) | 7. |
8. | Louisville | South Carolina (1–0) | USC (3–1) | Indiana (5–1) | St. John's (7–1) | Long Beach State (9–1) | Ohio State (9–2) | USC (11–2) | South Carolina (10–3) | Ohio State (12–3) | Long Beach State (18–2) | Long Beach State (19–3) | South Carolina (17–4) т | Long Beach State (23–3) | BYU (20–4) | Southwestern Louisiana (24–3) | 8. |
9. | Long Beach State | Michigan (2–0) | Penn (4–0) | St. John's (5–1) | BYU (7–1) | Ohio State (7–2) | Virginia (11–0) | Penn (9–2) | Penn (10–2) | Virginia (13–1) | Virginia (15–1) | Ohio State (15–4) | Missouri (19–3) | Virginia (20–4) | Memphis State (21–5) | BYU (21–5) | 9. |
10. | Kentucky | Houston (2–1) | Indiana (4–0) | Southwestern Louisiana (4–1) | Long Beach State (7–1) | Maryland (8–1) | USC (9–2) | Florida State (13–2) | Florida State (15–2) | BYU (14–2) | BYU (16–2) | BYU (17–3) | Virginia (18–3) | Marshall (22–2) | Marshall (23–3) | Florida State (24–5) | 10. |
11. | Jacksonville | Jacksonville (2–0) | Kentucky (3–1) | BYU (6–1) | Southwestern Louisiana (4–1) | USC (7–2) | Missouri (11–1) | Virginia (12–1) | Virginia (12–1) | Florida State (16–3) | Southwestern Louisiana (14–2) | Florida State (19–4) | Maryland (17–3) | Florida State (23–4) | Southwestern Louisiana (23–3) | Maryland (23–5) | 11. |
12. | New Mexico State | USC (1–1) | Southwestern Louisiana (4–1) | Florida State (5–1) | Hawaii (6–0) | Florida State (8–2) | Florida State (11–2) | Southwestern Louisiana (11–1) | Southwestern Louisiana (12–1) | Missouri (14–2) | Florida State (17–4) | Missouri (17–3) | Southwestern Louisiana (20–2) | Southwestern Louisiana (22–3) | Missouri (21–4) | Minnesota (17–6) | 12. |
13. | South Carolina | St. John's (1–0) | Florida State (5–0) | Maryland (4–1) | Louisville (5–1) | St. John's (8–2) | Villanova (10–1) | Princeton (14–2) | BYU (12–2) | Southwestern Louisiana (13–2) | Providence (14–2) | Southwestern Louisiana (17–2) | Florida State (21–4) | Maryland (18–4) | Hawaii (24–2) | Memphis State (21–6) | 13. |
14. | BYU | BYU (2–0) | Arizona State (4–1) | Kentucky (5–2) | Maryland (6–1) | Hawaii (9–0) | Illinois (9–1) | BYU (11–2) | Minnesota (10–3) | Providence (13–2) | Kentucky (13–4) | Maryland (16–3) | Ohio State (15–5) | Houston (19–5) | Maryland (21–4) | Kentucky (20–6) | 14. |
15. | St. John's | Penn (2–0) | Maryland (2–1) | Ohio (3–1) | Kentucky (5–2) | Villanova (9–1) т | BYU (10–2) | Maryland (10–2) | Missouri (13–2) | Hawaii (17–1) | Missouri (15–3) | Providence (14–2) | Kentucky (17–4) | Ohio State (16–5) т | Houston (20–6) | Villanova (19–6) | 15. |
16. | Kansas | Minnesota (2–0) | Long Beach State (3–0) | Louisville (3–1) | Jacksonville (5–1) | Kentucky (7–2) т | Southwestern Louisiana (8–1) | Villanova (11–2) | Maryland (11–2) | Marshall (15–2) | Marshall (17–2) | Marshall (19–2) | Marshall (21–2) | Michigan (13–7) т | Minnesota (16–6) | Kansas State (18–8) | 16. |
17. | Villanova | Arizona State (2–0) | Louisville (3–1) | Arizona State (5–2) | Florida State (5–2) | Southwestern Louisiana (5–1) | Duquesne (8–0) | Hawaii (13–1) | Princeton (14–3) | Jacksonville (12–2) | Hawaii (18–2) т | Hawaii (20–2) | Houston (17–5) | Memphis State (19–5) | UTEP (20–5) | UTEP (20–6) | 17. |
18. | Michigan | Kansas (1–1) | Princeton (3–1) | Minnesota (3–1) | Villanova (6–1) | Virginia (9–0) | Kentucky (8–2) | Minnesota (8–3) т | Marshall (14–2) | UTEP (15–3) | Maryland (14–3) т | Kentucky (15–4) | Hawaii (22–2) | Detroit (17–5) | Virginia (20–5) | Marshall (23–4) | 18. |
19. | Harvard | Villanova (2–1) | NC State (3–1) | Penn (4–1) т | Penn (5–1) | Missouri (10–1) | UTEP (11–2) | Tennessee (8–2) т | Hawaii (15–1) т | Washington (13–3) | Villanova (13–5) т | Houston (14–5) т | Providence (16–4) т | Missouri (19–4) | Providence (19–5) | Missouri (21–5) т | 19. |
20. | Pacific | NC State (2–0) | Saint Louis (3–1) | Jacksonville (5–1) т | Arizona State (6–2) | BYU (8–2) | Maryland (9–2) | Missouri (12–2) т | Fordham (10–4) т | Minnesota (11–4) | Washington (14–3) т | Saint Joseph's (15–4) т | Toledo (16–4) т | Duquesne (18–4) | Temple (23–7) | Weber State (17–9) т | 20. |
Preseason [1] | Week 1 Dec. 7[1] | Week 2 Dec. 14[1] | Week 3 Dec. 21[1] | Week 4 Dec. 28[1] | Week 5 Jan. 4[1] | Week 6 Jan. 11[1] | Week 7 Jan. 18[1] | Week 8 Jan. 25[1] | Week 9 Feb. 1[1] | Week 10 Feb. 8[1] | Week 11 Feb. 15[1] | Week 12 Feb. 22[14] | Week 13 Feb. 29[14] | Week 14 Mar. 7[14] | Final Mar. 14[14] | ||
Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
| Dropped:
|
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 ESPN College Basketball Encyclopedia: The Complete History of the Men's Game. Random House. 2009. p. 787. ISBN 978-0-345-51392-2.
- ↑ "1972 Preseason AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "December 6, 1971 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "December 13, 1971 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "December 20, 1971 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "December 27, 1971 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "January 3, 1972 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "January 10, 1972 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "January 17, 1972 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "January 24, 1972 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "January 31, 1972 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "February 7, 1972 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "February 14, 1972 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ESPN College Basketball Encyclopedia: The Complete History of the Men's Game. Random House. 2009. p. 788. ISBN 978-0-345-51392-2.
- ↑ "February 21, 1972 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "February 28, 1972 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "March 6, 1972 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "1972 Final AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "1972 Preseason AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "December 6, 1971 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "December 13, 1971 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "December 20, 1971 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "December 27, 1971 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "January 3, 1972 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "January 10, 1972 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "January 17, 1972 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "January 24, 1972 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "January 31, 1972 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "February 7, 1972 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "February 14, 1972 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "February 21, 1972 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "February 28, 1972 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "March 6, 1972 AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
- ↑ "1972 Final AP Men's Basketball Poll". College Poll Archive. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.