The Indian subcontinent has a history of earthquakes. The reason for the intensity and high frequency of earthquakes is the Indian plate driving into Asia at a rate of approximately 47 mm/year.[1] The following is a list of major earthquakes which have occurred in India, including those with epicentres outside India that caused significant damage or casualties in the country.

Earthquakes

* Bold refers to Pre-Independence

Date Location Magnitude MMI Deaths Injuries Total damage / notes
2023-11-03 North-India, Nepal 5.7 Mw VIII 157 199 Buildings damaged, all casualties in Nepal [2][3]
2022-07-28 Baikunthpur, Chhattisgarh 4.6 Mw IV 5 Minor [4][5]
2021-04-28 Assam 6.0 Mw VII 2 12 Moderate damage [6][7]
2019-07-24 Maharashtra 4.1 Mw IV 1 1 Minor [8][9]
2018-09-12 Assam 5.3 Mw VI 1 25 [10]
2017-02-06 Uttarakhand 5.1 Mw IV 1 [11]
2017-01-03 India, Bangladesh 5.7 Mw V 3 8
2016-01-04 India, Myanmar, Bangladesh 6.7 Mw VII 11 200
2015-10-26 Afghanistan, India, Pakistan 7.7 Mw VII 399 2,536
2015-05-12 Nepal, India 7.3 Mw VIII 218 3,500+
2015-04-25 Nepal, India 7.8 Mw X 8,964 21,952 $10 billion
2014-05-21 offshore Odisha 6.0 Mw IV 2 250 Buildings damaged/Power outages [12]
2013-05-01 Kashmir 5.7 Mw 3 90 $19.5 million [13]
2012-03-05 Delhi 5.2 Mw V 5 [14]
2011-10-29 Sikkim 3.5 Mw III 2 [15]
2011-09-18 Gangtok, Sikkim 6.9 Mw VII >111
2011-09-07 Delhi 4.3 Mw V 1 Minor damage [16]
2010-03-30 Diglipur, Andaman and Nicobar Islands 6.6 Mw VI 10 Buildings damaged [17][18]
2009-08-10 Andaman Islands 7.5 Mw VIII Tsunami warning issued
2009-03-26 Jharkhand 4.1 Mw V 5 Buildings damaged [19]
2008-09-16 Satara district, Maharashtra 5.0 Mw VI 1 20 1,500 buildings damaged. [20]
2008-02-06 West Bengal 4.3 Mb 1 50 Buildings damaged [21]
2007-11-06 Gujarat 5.1 Mw V 1 5 Buildings damaged [22]
2006-11-29 Alwar district, Rajasthan 4.0 Mw 1 2 Minor damage to property [23]
2006-03-07 Gujarat 5.5 Mw VI 7 Buildings damaged [24]
2006-02-14 Sikkim 5.3 Mw V 2 2 Landslide [25]
2005-12-14 Uttarakhand 5.1 Mw VI 1 3 Building destroyed [26]
2005-10-08 Kashmir 7.6 Mw VIII 86,000–87,351 69,000–75,266 2.8 million displaced
2002-09-13 Andaman Islands 6.5 Mw 2 Destructive tsunami [27]
2001-09-25 offshore Tamil Nadu 5.2 Mw V 3 Minor damage [28][29]
2001-01-26 Gujarat 7.7 Mw X 13,805–20,023 ~166,800 $10 billion
1999-03-29 Chamoli district-Uttarakhand 6.8 Mw VIII ~103
1997-11-21 Bangladesh, India 6.1 Mw 23 200
1997-05-22 Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh 5.8 Mw VIII 38–56 1,000–1,500 $37–143 million
1993-09-30 Latur, Maharashtra 6.2 Mw VIII 9,748 30,000  
1991-10-20 Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand 6.8 Mw IX 768–2,000 1,383–1,800
1988-08-21 Udayapur, Nepal 6.9 Mw VIII 709–1,450
1988-08-06 Myanmar, India 7.3 Mw VII 3 12 [30]
1988-02-06 Bangladesh, India 5.9 Mw 2 100 [31]
1986-04-26 India, Pakistan 5.3 Ms 6 30 Severe damage [32]
1984-12-30 Cachar district 5.6 Mb 20 100 Severe damage [33]
1982-01-20 Little Nicobar 6.3 Ms Some Moderate damage [34]
1980-08-23 Kashmir 4.8 Ms Few Limited damage / doublet [35]
1980-08-23 Kashmir 4.9 Ms 15 40 Moderate damage / doublet [36]
1980-07-29 Nepal, Pithoragarh district 6.5 Ms 200 Many $245 million [37]
1975-01-19 Himachal Pradesh 6.8 Ms IX 47
1970-03-23 Bharuch district 5.4 Mb 26 200 Moderate damage [38]
1967-12-11 Maharashtra 6.6 Mw VIII 177–180 2,272 $400,000
1966-08-15 North India 5.6 15 Limited damage [39]
1966-06-27 Nepal, India 5.3 Ms VIII 80 100 $1 million [40]
1963-09-02 Kashmir 5.3 80 Moderate damage [41]
1960-08-27 North India Moderate damage [42]
1956-07-21 Gujarat 6.1 Ms IX 115 254
1954-03-21 India, Myanmar 7.4 Ms Moderate damage [43]
1950-08-15 Assam, Tibet 8.6 Mw XI 1,500–3,300
1947-07-29 India, China 7.3 Mw
1941-06-26 Andaman Islands 7.7–8.1 Mw 8,000 Destructive tsunami
1935-05-31 Quetta, Baluchistan 7.7 Mw X 30,000–60,000
1934-01-15 Nepal 8.0 Mw XI 6,000–10,700
1932-08-14 Assam, Myanmar 7.0 Ms Moderate damage [44]
1930-07-02 Assam 7.1 Mw IX
1905-04-04 Kangra 7.8 Ms IX >20,000
1897-06-12 Shillong, India 8.0 Mw X 1,542
1885-06-06 Kashmir Severe damage [45]
1885-05-30 Srinagar 3,000 Extreme damage [46]
1881-12-31 Andaman Islands 7.9 Mw VII Significant in seismology
1869-01-10 Assam, Cachar 7.4 Mw VII 2 Severe damage
1845-06-19 Rann of Kutch 6.3 Ms VIII Few Limited damage / tsunami [47]
1843-04-01 Deccan Plateau Moderate damage [48]
1833-08-26 Bihar, Kathmandu 8.0 Ms Severe damage [49]
1828-06-06 Kashmir 1,000 Severe damage [50]
1819-06-16 Gujarat 7.7–8.2 Mw XI >1,543 Formed the Allah Bund
1803-09-01 Uttarakhand 7.8 Mw IX 300 Severe damage [51]
1618-05-26 Bombay IX 2,000 Severe damage [52]
1555-09-?? Kashmir Valley, Kashmir 7.6–8.0 600–60,000
1505-06-06 Saldang, Karnali zone 8.2–8.8 6,000
Note: The inclusion criteria for adding events are based on WikiProject Earthquakes' notability guideline that was developed for stand-alone articles. The principles described also apply to lists. In summary, only damaging, detrimental, or deadly events should be recorded.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Bendick, R.; Bilham, R.; Blume, F.; Kier, G.; Molnar, P.; Sheehan, A.; Wallace, K. (2002), Earthquake Hazards and the Collision between India and Asia, NOAA Science Review, 2002, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science
  2. ↑ "Earthquake Today | Nepal Earthquake News Live: Death toll rises to 69 as strong quake rocks northwestern Nepal, termors felt in Delhi". The Times of India. 2023-11-04. Retrieved 2023-11-04.
  3. ↑ "Magnitude 6.4 earthquake strikes Nepal; tremors felt in Delhi, NCR". The Economic Times. 2023-11-04. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 2023-11-04.
  4. ↑ "M 4.6 - 16 km NNW of Baikunthpur, India". United States Geological Survey. 28 July 2022. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  5. ↑ "M 5.6 - 21 km E of Dipayal, Nepal". 8 November 2022.
  6. ↑ "M 6.0 - 9 km NNW of Dhekiajuli, India". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
  7. ↑ "Assam Earthquake: 6.4 magnitude quake, 7 aftershocks jolt Northeast, tremors felt in Bengal". India Today. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
  8. ↑ "1 killed as 4 earthquakes hit Maharashtra's Palghar in 12 minutes". Hindustan Times. 2019-07-25. Retrieved 2019-07-25.
  9. ↑ "M 4.1 - 25 km WSW of Shirgaon, India". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
  10. ↑ "M 5.3 - 5km NE of Sapatgrām, India". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2018-09-12.
  11. ↑ "M 5.1 - 36km NW of Pipalkoti, India". United States Geological Survey. February 6, 2017. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
  12. ↑ "M 6.0 - 276 km SE of Kon?rka, India". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2022-04-04.
  13. ↑ NGDC 1972
  14. ↑ "Quake jolts Delhi and surrounding areas, 5 injured". 5 March 2012.
  15. ↑ "M 3.5 - 15 km NNE of Gangtok, India". U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  16. ↑ "M 4.3 - 6 km NE of Pitampura, India". U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  17. ↑ ":: ASC :: 30 March 2010, M6.6 West Island (Andaman Islands) India Earthquake". asc-india.org. Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  18. ↑ "M 6.6 - 217 km N of Bamboo Flat, India". U.S. Geological Survey. 2010-03-30. Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  19. ↑ "M 4.1 - 19 km SSE of Ch??b?sa, India". asc-india.org. Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  20. ↑ "M 5.0 - 7 km NNE of Patan, India". earthquake.usgs.gov.
  21. ↑ NGDC 1972
  22. ↑ USGS. "M 5.1 - Gujarat, India". United States Geological Survey.
  23. ↑ ASC. "M4.0 Alwar Earthquake (Rajasthan), India". Archived from the original on 2008-06-10. Retrieved 2019-03-17.
  24. ↑ USGS. "M 5.5 - Gujarat, India". United States Geological Survey.
  25. ↑ USGS. "M 5.3 - Sikkim, India". United States Geological Survey.
  26. ↑ USGS. "M 5.1 - Uttaranchal, India". United States Geological Survey.
  27. ↑ NGDC 1972
  28. ↑ ASC. ":: ASC :: 25 September 2001, M5.5 Puducherry (Pondicherry) Earthquake". Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  29. ↑ USGS. "M 5.2 - 39 km SE of Marakkanam, India". United States Geological Survey.
  30. ↑ USGS. "M 7.3 - Myanmar". United States Geological Survey.
  31. ↑ USGS. "M 5.9 - India-Bangladesh border region". United States Geological Survey.
  32. ↑ NGDC 1972
  33. ↑ NGDC 1972
  34. ↑ NGDC 1972
  35. ↑ NGDC 1972
  36. ↑ NGDC 1972
  37. ↑ NGDC 1972
  38. ↑ NGDC 1972
  39. ↑ NGDC 1972
  40. ↑ NGDC 1972
  41. ↑ NGDC 1972
  42. ↑ NGDC 1972
  43. ↑ NGDC 1972
  44. ↑ NGDC 1972
  45. ↑ NGDC 1972
  46. ↑ NGDC 1972
  47. ↑ NGDC 1972
  48. ↑ NGDC 1972
  49. ↑ NGDC 1972
  50. ↑ NGDC 1972
  51. ↑ NGDC 1972
  52. ↑ NGDC 1972

Sources

Further reading

  • Saikia, Arupjyoti (2020), "Earthquakes and the Environmental Transformation of a Floodplain Landscape: The Brahmaputra Valley and the Earthquakes of 1897 and 1950", Environment and History, 26: 51–77, doi:10.3197/096734019X15755402985550, S2CID 212872219
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