2008 Bangladeshi general election
29 December 2008 (2008-12-29)
300 of the 345 seats in the Jatiya Sangsad[lower-alpha 1]
151 seats needed for a majority
Turnout87.13%
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Sheikh Hasina Khaleda Zia H.M. Ershad
Party AL BNP JP(E)
Alliance Grand Alliance Oikya Alliance Grand Alliance
Last election 40.02%, 62 seats 41.40%, 193 seats 7.22%, 14 seats
Seats won 230 30 27
Seat change Increase 168 Decrease 163 Increase 13
Popular vote 33,634,629 22,757,101 4,926,360
Percentage 48.04% 32.50% 7.04%
Results by constituency
Prime Minister before election

Fakhruddin Ahmed (Acting)
Caretaker government

 Subsequent Prime Minister

Sheikh Hasina
AL

General elections were held in Bangladesh on 29 December 2008. The two main parties in the election were the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), led by Khaleda Zia, and the Bangladesh Awami League Party, led by Sheikh Hasina. The Bangladesh Awami League Party formed a fourteen-party Grand Alliance including Ershad's Jatiya Party,[1] while the BNP formed a four-party alliance which included the Islamist party Jamaat-e-Islami.[2] The election was originally scheduled for January 2007, but it was postponed by a military-controlled caretaker government for an extended period of time.

The elections resulted in a landslide victory for the Awami League-led grand alliance,[3] which won 263 seats of the 300 directly elected seats. The main rival four-party alliance received only 32 seats, with the remaining four going to independent candidates. Polling in the constituency of Noakhali-1 was postponed due to the mysterious death of the AL candidate. The election for the seat was held on 12 January 2009 instead[4] and was won by the BNP candidate.[5] Voter turnout was 87%, the highest ever recorded in a Bangladeshi general election.

Main political parties

On 11 December, Bangladesh Awami League formed a coalition with the Jatiya Party led by Hussain Muhammad Ershad once deposed through mass uprising. The coalition included some other minor parties. The Bangladesh Nationalist Party, BNP in short, continued with its alliance with Jamaat-e-Islami formed for the national election of 2001 to participate in the 2008 election.

Awami League-led coalition (Grand Alliance)

The Bangladesh Awami League (AL) decided to participate in the 2008 parliamentary election under the name of "Grand Alliance" with the Jatiya Party led by General Ershad as its main partner. The AL contested the polls for 245 constituencies. Awami League conceded as many as 46 out of 300 parliamentary constituencies to Jatiya Party (JP).

Workers Party president Rashed Khan Menon contested for Dhaka-8, its general secretary Bimal Biswas for Narail-1, its politburo member Fazle Hossain Badsha for Rajshahi-2, Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal president Hasanul Haq Inu for Kushtia-2, its leaders Moinuddin Khan Badal for Chittagong-8, Rezaul Karim Tansen for Bogra-4, Shah Ahmed Jikrul for Brahmanbaria-5 and Gias Uddin for Mymensingh-9.

The Awami League kept the Noakhali-1 constituency reserved, where the election has been postponed following the death of Ganatantri Party leader Mohammad Nurul Islam in a mysterious fire. The alliance has kept three more seats (Nilphamari-4, Khulna-3 and Sylhet-3) open for both AL and JP candidates to contest for. Notably, as of 18 December 2008, some candidates were allowed by the High Court of the country notwithstanding a contrary decision from the Election Commission.

BNP-led coalition (4-Party Alliance)

The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and its allies contested for 296 out of 300 in the 2008 election. The Election Commission cancelled candidacy of nominees of BNP in four constituencies. The BNP and its allies could not reach a consensus on sharing six constituencies. Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami contested in the election in 38 constituencies although BNP agreed to offer Jamaat 34 seats. BNP conceded two seats each to its three smaller allies which were Bangladesh Jatiya Party-BJP, Islami Oikya Jote and Jamiat-e-Olama-e-Islam. BNP was able to place any candidate for four constituencies which were Barisal-1, Moulvibazar-2, Sirajganj-5 and Narail-2. However, two BNP rebels emerged as valid independent candidates in Barisal-1 and Moulvibazar-2. They were Jahiruddin Swapan in Barisal-1 and former lawmaker MM Shaheen in Moulvibazar-2. Notably, as of 18 December 2008, some candidates were allowed by the High Court of the country notwithstanding a contrary decision of the Election Commission.

Formation of the caretaker government

The BNP-Jamat led coalition government attempted to run an election in 2006. Awami League and other parties arranged various processions and strikes, protesting that the election result was pre-arranged in the government's favour. In course of time the clash between the Government and Opposition became very violent and in the Care-taker Government's period violence engulfed the nation. The President proclaimed his authority as the chief of the Care-Taker Government and eventually had to fall to the demand of the people. With the intervention of the Army the President had to resign from his Chief-Advisor's post and Fakhruddin Ahmed was appointed as the new chief adviser.[6] The media referred to Ahmed's government as "military-backed".[7][8][9] The military-controlled government worked on a minus-two formula which meant ousting Hasina and Zia, who were two popular political leaders of the country. While all political activities were suspended under the state of emergency, the government aimed to recast the political system of the country with people of high national and international stature. In accordance with this plan, Nobel Peace Prize-winner Muhammad Yunus announced the foundation of a new party called Citizens' Power.[10] However, soon Yunus rejected entering politics, claiming a lack of support.

Struggle for new elections

Jatiyo Sangsad Bhaban (2014)

On 5 April 2007, the country's Chief Election Commissioner, ATM Shamsul Huda, declared that the elections would need to be pushed back at least eighteen months.[11] On 12 April, Ahmed announced in a televised speech to the nation that the next parliamentary election would be held before the end of 2008.[12] On 15 July 2007, the Bangladesh Election Commission published a road map for the election, promising a compilation of voter lists by October 2008 and an official election call before the end of that year.[13] The constitution of Bangladesh, however, provides holding election within 120 days of the formation of a caretaker government.

After the election, the Jatiyo Sangshad will have to elect the next president of Bangladesh. The presidential election should have taken place by 5 September 2007 when Iajuddin Ahmed's term expired. But the election was postponed as the Constitution of Bangladesh permits to delay the presidential election until a new Jatiyo Sangshad is formed.[14] On 9 September 2007, President Ahmed addressed the nation and recalled indoor politics with strict conditions to facilitate preparation for the election and reaffirmed his commitment to hold the election on time or earlier.[15] In early October, the Chief Election Commissioner Huda stated elections could be held by October 2008 if the electoral roll could be compiled by July 2008.[16]

Talks between the government and two smaller parties started on 22 May 2008, with the government indicating it would hold talks with all parties in short time.[17] However, both the Awami League and the BNP declined to attend these talks as long as their leaders were still detained.[18] Voters lists were announced to be ready on 22 July 2008.[19]

On 4 August 2008, mayor and city council elections were held in Sylhet, Khulna, Barisal and Rajshahi cities.[20] BBC News reported that the candidates supported by the Awami League won twelve of the thirteen city corporations and municipalities voting, according to election commission officials.[20] Finally, Chief Adviser Dr. Fakhruddin Ahmed announced on 21 September that the general election would be held on 18 December.[21]

Election banners of candidates promoted across many cities in Bangladesh

The BNP called for a delay of the election until January 2009, while the Awami League was against such a delay. As a compromise, the election was postponed from 18 to 29 December.[22] In a response to the demand of the major political parties, on 17 December 2008, the two-year-long state of emergency was lifted.[23]

Supreme Court ruling

Notably, as of 20 December, as many as 35 prospective candidates were allowed by the High Court of the country to contest in the election notwithstanding a contrary decision of the Election Commission.

Party Number of candidates[24]
Islamic Front Bangladesh 2
Islamic Movement Bangladesh 160
Islami Oikya Jote 4
United Citizens Movement 11
Krishak Shramik Janata League 46
Democratic Party 5
People's Front 14
Gano Forum 45
Jamaat-e-Ulama Islam Bangladesh 7
Zaker Party 37
National Democratic Party 2
Jatiya Party 46
Jatiya Party-JP 7
Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal-Jasad 6
Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Rab) 44
National People's Party 29
Progressive Democratic Party 21
Freedom Party 2
Bangladesh Awami League 259
Bangladesh Islamic Front 18
Bangladesh Kalayan Party 39
Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan 32
Bangladesh Khilafat Majlis 8
Bangladesh Jatiya Party 10
Bangladesh Jatiya Party-BJP 2
Bangladesh Nationalist Party 256
Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami 39
Bangladesh Tarikat Federation 31
Bangladesh National Awami Party 14
Bangladesh National Awami Party-Bangladesh NAP 5
Bangladesh Muslim League 5
Bangladesher Samajtantrik Dal 57
Workers Party of Bangladesh 5
Communist Party of Bangladesh 38
Revolutionary Workers Party of Bangladesh 5
Bangladesher Samayabadi Dal (ML) 1
Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh 62
Liberal Democratic Party 18
Independent 141
Total: 1538

Results

The voter turnout of 80 percent was the highest in the history of Bangladeshi elections.[25][26] This was the first time elections used national ID cards with photographs to avoid fake voting, which was an UN-funded initiative to create a digital electoral roll.[27][28] Prior to the elections, 11 million false names were removed from the voter lists.[29]

About 50,000 soldiers of Bangladeshi Army and 600,000 police officers were deployed to guard against election fraud and violence.[29] However, two people were killed in post election violence.[30] 200,000 electoral observers, including 2,500 from outside Bangladesh, monitored the elections and confirmed their free and fair nature. Before the elections, the army-backed caretaker government took measures to eliminate corruption from the process.


General seats results by alliance (left) and party (right)
Party or allianceVotes%Seats
GeneralReservedTotal+/–
Grand AllianceAwami League33,634,62948.0423036266+204
Jatiya Party (Ershad)4,926,3607.0427431+17
Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal506,6050.72303+3
Workers Party of Bangladesh262,0930.37202+2
Liberal Democratic Party191,6790.27101New
Total39,521,36656.4526340303+226
Four Party
Alliance		Bangladesh Nationalist Party22,757,10132.5030535–158
Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami3,289,9674.70202–15
Bangladesh Jatiya Party173,2920.25101–3
Islami Oikya Jote108,4150.15000–2
Total26,328,77537.6133538–178
Islami Andolan Bangladesh658,2540.940000
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh175,2450.250000
Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh146,8270.21000New
Zaker Party134,9330.190000
Jatiya Ganotantrik Party107,7960.15000New
Krishak Sramik Janata League102,8790.15000–1
Gano Forum72,9110.100000
Communist Party of Bangladesh42,3310.060000
Socialist Party of Bangladesh38,6430.060000
Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Rab)37,3500.05000New
Bangladesh Islami Front31,7850.050000
Khelafat Majlish27,9210.04000New
Bangladesh National Awami Party24,1410.03000New
Bangladesh Kalayan Party21,6090.03000New
Bangladesh Tarikat Federation19,9050.03000New
Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan16,9440.020000
Progressive Democratic Party14,2280.02000New
National People's Party10,3480.01000New
Bangladesh Jatiya Party8,3830.01000New
Jatiya Party (Manju)7,8180.01000–1
Bangladesh NAP4,3650.01000New
People's Front4,0090.01000New
United Citizens Movement3,5420.01000New
Ganatantri Party2,5500.000000
Revolutionary Workers Party of Bangladesh2,0210.00000New
Bangladesh Muslim League1,1130.000000
Islamic Front Bangladesh1,0200.00000New
Bangladesh Freedom Party5660.00000New
Communist Party of Bangladesh (ML)2970.000000
Independents2,060,3922.94404–2
None of the above381,9240.55––––
Total70,012,191100.0030045345+45
Valid votes70,012,19199.10
Invalid/blank votes636,2940.90
Total votes70,648,485100.00
Registered voters/turnout81,087,00387.13
Source: ECB, Asian Tribune

By division

Division Awami League BNP Jatiya Party JSD Jamaat BWP BJP LDP Independent Total seats
Barisal 16 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 21
Chittagong 32 18 2 2 2 0 0 1 1 58
Dhaka 63 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 1 70
Khulna 30 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 36
Mymensingh 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24
Rajshahi 27 8 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 39
Rangpur 21 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 33
Sylhet 17 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 19
Total 230 30 27 3 2 2 1 1 4 300
Source: ECB

Reactions

  • India Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh congratulated Sheikh Hasina on the landslide victory. Singh conveyed the message "I look forward to working with you towards this end for the mutual benefit of our two people".[31] India's External Affairs Minister Pranab Mukherjee said, "I do hope that once the new government comes, we will discuss the existence of the problem (terrorism emanating from Bangladesh) with them and we will see what best can be done".[32] Other political parties of India, such as Bhartiya Janata Party, Trinamool Congress and CPI(M) also congratulated Sheikh Hasina.[33][34]
  • United States President of United States George W. Bush phoned Sheikh Hasina and congratulated her on assuming the office of Prime Minister of Bangladesh. President Bush, who made the phone call at 6:40 pm Bangladesh time on 11 January, termed Hasina's success in the parliamentary election a "landslide victory", an official handout said. He said the verdict of the people of Bangladesh to establish non-communal democracy is notable. Prime Minister Hasina thanked the US President on behalf of the government and people of Bangladesh and her party. She said the support and cooperation of the US, along with other countries, toward holding a free, fair and neutral election in Bangladesh was commendable. The principal enemy of Bangladeshi people was poverty, she said and hoped for US cooperation to build a poverty-free Bangladesh. The Prime Minister told the US President that terrorism was one of the main problems in South Asia. She stressed the need for taking an effective joint initiative to fight terrorism in the region.[35]
  • United Kingdom The British prime minister Gordon Brown congratulated Sheikh Hasina on the election victory and her swearing-in as Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, said a release of the British High Commission in Dhaka. Brown said, 'My congratulations on your victory. The UK values its close ties with Bangladesh and we look forward to working with your government to help you meet the expectations of your people. I hope that you will work with all parties to create a brighter future for Bangladesh.

The UK's secretary of state for foreign and commonwealth affairs David Miliband, in the statement, urged the ruling party and the opposition to work together for nation building, shunning politics of confrontation and violence. "The Election Commission, caretaker government and observers have worked hard to create conditions in which free, fair and peaceful elections can take place. "The people of Bangladesh have spoken in huge numbers and they can be proud of the manner in which the elections were conducted", Miliband said in a statement released by the local British high commission. "This is a historic moment for Bangladesh to cast aside the politics of confrontation and violence, in favour of inclusive and consensual democracy", he added. Terming Britain as Bangladesh's friend, he said, "We urge the next government and opposition to work together to meet the expectations of the people in the days and years to come." Cherie Blair, wife of former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, also greeted Sheikh Hasina for becoming Prime Minister of Bangladesh.[36][37]

  • Germany German Chancellor Angela Merkel has congratulated newly elected Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. In a message of felicitation, the chancellor said she looks forward to further developing the relationship of trust and cooperation between Bangladesh and Germany, reports UNB. Merkel said Germany will continue to be a reliable partner of Bangladesh as it works to strengthen democracy, the rule of law and human rights.[38]
  • China Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao has congratulated Sheikh Hasina on her assumption of office of the Prime Minister, expressing the hope that a comprehensive partnership between Dhaka and Beijing would be raised to a new level, reports UNB. In a message of felicitation, Jiabao said Bangladesh and China are intimate and friendly close neighbours. He said since establishment of diplomatic relations 34 years ago, the two countries always maintain mutual understanding, trust and support to each other, and developed fruitful cooperation in every field. This cooperation, he said, has brought substantial benefits to the people of both the countries and made positive contributions to regional peace and development. The Chinese premier said through the joint efforts with Prime Minister Hasina bilateral relations as well as friendship and mutual cooperation would be strengthened further. In a separate message of felicitation to Foreign Minister Dr Dipumoni, Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi said it is the unswerving policy of the Chinese government to consistently strengthen and solidify friendly cooperation between China and Bangladesh.[39]
  • Japan The Japanese foreign minister, Hirofumi Nakasone and Japanese Prime Minister Taro Aso in a statement offered felicitations on the Awami League president, Sheikh Hasina's inauguration as the country's next prime minister, said a release of the Japan embassy. He said, ‘The government of Japan congratulates on the inauguration of her Excellency, Sheikh Hasina, president of the AL, as prime minister of Bangladesh on 6 January 2009, following the general elections on 29 December 2008.’Nakasone said that this election was successfully carried out despite various challenges.‘This elucidates that the consolidation of democracy in Bangladesh is making a steady progress, marking a right start of a new democracy in Bangladesh,’ he said. The Japanese foreign minister said, ‘Japan hopes that the people of Bangladesh will be united in making efforts for further developments of their country under the new prime minister elected in a democratic process. Japan will continue to support their endeavour.’[37]
  • Switzerland President of the Swiss Confederation Hans-Rudolf Merz greeted new Bangla-deshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina .In a message to Hasina, the Swiss president, on behalf of the Swiss Federal Council, expressed his sincere congratulation and wished her every success in the eminent post. The message noted that "the recent elections are an important milestone in the history of Bangladesh. On this special occasion, the Swiss government reiterates its commitment to continue its support to the democratic, social and economic development in Bangladesh."[38]
  • Australia Australia welcomed Bangladesh's return to democracy after around two years following what it observed were 'peaceful and orderly' polls. "Australia encourages all parties to work together to ensure a smooth transition and a strong future for the people of Bangladesh", the Australian high commission said in a press statement yesterday. "The Australian government looks forward to working closely with the newly-elected government in areas of mutual interest." "These include trade and investment, development assistance, counter-terrorism, education, migration and tourism", said the statement.
  • Pakistan President of Pakistan Asif Ali Zardari and Prime Minister of Pakistan Yousuf Raza Gilani on Thursday sent congratulations to Sheikh Hasina Wajid on her victory. President Zardari expressed confidence that the close brotherly relations between the two countries would be strengthened further under her leadership. The prime minister said: "We wish you every success and the brotherly people of Bangladesh ever greater progress and prosperity."[40]
  • Nepal Nepalese Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal "Prachanda" in a message of congratulation to Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina noted that the recent elections in Bangladesh had ushered in a democratic governance and overwhelming people's support Hasina's party reflects their expectations to feel the real change. In this context, he said both Nepal and Bangladesh have similar experiences as the Nepali people have also displayed their keenness to build a new prosperous Nepal through the election of Constituent Assembly held last April. He said Nepal and Bangladesh can work together for achieving goals to consolidate bilateral relations and hoped that relations between the two countries would be further strengthened during the term of Sheikh Hasina.[36]
  • Mauritius Prime Minister of Mauritius Navinchandra Ramgoolam greeted Bangladesh's Premier Sheikh Hasina on the decisive victory by the Awami League-led grand alliance in the polls."I'm confident that under your leadership, the people of Bangladesh will realise their long cherished aspirants to make progress in a secular and democratic state-- a dream personified by your illustrious father Sheikh Mujibur Rahman," the Mauritius PM said in a letter of felicitation to Hasina.[38]
  • United Nations Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-Moon, in a message on Thursday, extended his greeting to Sheikh Hasina for taking over as Bangladesh prime minister. The UN chief also hailed the people of Bangladesh for holding the national election in a peaceful manner for democratic transition. He appreciated the initiatives of Hasina for working together with all political parties to consolidate parliamentary democracy in Bangladesh, according to a press release. Ban Ki-moon appreciated Bangladesh as some 9,000 Bangladeshi army and police personnel have taken part in various activities of the United Nations, particularly in the peacekeeping missions. The UN chief wished success of the Bangladesh's new prime minister and assured her of all-out cooperation.[38]
  • United States U.S. State Department congratulated the Bangladesh Election Commission and government officials on the successful election.[41] A statement issued stated high voter turnout underscores the people's desire to see democracy restored.[42]
  • European Union Alexander Graf Lambsdorff, European Union's chief election observer said "voting has largely been peaceful, turnout has been high and procedures were followed adequately".[28]

Transfer of power

The military-controlled caretaker government with Dr. Fakhruddin Ahmed as the Chief Adviser handed over power to the new government formed with Ms Sheikh Hasina as the Prime Minister of Bangladesh on 6 January 2009.

Notes

  1. ↑ Voting was postponed in one constituency due to the death of a candidate

References

  1. ↑ "AL to contest polls under 14-party banner". Priyo.com. 17 November 2008. Archived from the original on 16 January 2009.
  2. ↑ "Elect 4-party to protect sovereignty: Khaleda apologises for past mistakes, wraps up campaign". The New Nation. Dhaka. 28 December 2008. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018 – via HighBeam Research. The chairperson of BNP and the leader of the four-party alliance [Begum Khaleda Zia] ... Barrister Abdur Razzak, assistant secretary general of Jamaat, Moulana Abdul Latif Nezami, secretary general of Islami Oikkya Jote ... among others, addressed the rally.
  3. ↑ "Bangladesh stunned by Awami victory". BBC News. 29 December 2008. Archived from the original on 30 December 2008. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
  4. ↑ "Bangladesh Election Commission announces results of 299 seats in Parliamentary elections". Xinhua. 31 December 2008. Archived from the original on 11 January 2009.
  5. ↑ "EC satisfied with Noakhali polls". The Daily Star. UNB. 13 January 2009. Archived from the original on 29 September 2012.
  6. ↑ "Bangladesh president appoints head of a new caretaker government". USA Today. Associated Press. 12 January 2007. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
  7. ↑ "McCain hails Bangladesh elections". BBC News. 3 December 2008. Archived from the original on 7 December 2008. Retrieved 24 December 2008.
  8. ↑ "Stir against Islamist parties contesting Bangladesh polls". Thaindian News. Indo-Asian News Service. 16 December 2008. Archived from the original on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 24 December 2008.
  9. ↑ Das, Antara (10 December 2008). "The other general". The Indian Express.
  10. ↑ "Bangladesh Nobel Laureate Announces His Political Party's Name (archived)". All Headline News. 18 February 2007. Archived from the original on 20 February 2007.
  11. ↑ "No B'desh polls 'for 18 months'". BBC News. 5 April 2007. Archived from the original on 3 July 2007. Retrieved 5 April 2007.
  12. ↑ "Chief Advisor Says Election In Bangladesh To Be Held Before End Of 2008". All Headline News. 13 April 2007. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007.
  13. ↑ Liton, Shakhawat (16 July 2007). "Voter list by Oct '08, poll by Dec". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 18 August 2007. Retrieved 20 July 2007.
  14. ↑ Dummet, Mark (5 September 2007). "Bangladesh president to continue". BBC News. Archived from the original on 4 September 2020. Retrieved 5 September 2007.
  15. ↑ "Ban on indoor politics relaxed". The Daily Star. 10 September 2008. Archived from the original on 7 November 2007. Retrieved 10 September 2007.
  16. ↑ "Bangladesh's elections may be held before October 2008". People's Daily. 10 October 2007. Archived from the original on 18 February 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2007.
  17. ↑ "Bangladesh election talks begin". BBC News. 22 May 2008. Archived from the original on 15 October 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2008.
  18. ↑ "Bangladesh parties decline talks". BBC News. 28 May 2008. Archived from the original on 30 May 2008. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
  19. ↑ Dummett, Mark (22 July 2008). "Bangladesh voters' lists 'ready". BBC News. Archived from the original on 23 July 2008. Retrieved 23 July 2008.
  20. 1 2 "Awami League wins B'desh election". BBC News. 5 August 2008. Archived from the original on 6 August 2008. Retrieved 5 August 2008.
  21. ↑ "Bangladesh's general election to be held on Dec. 18" Archived 6 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Xinhua (People's Daily Online), 21 September 2008.
  22. ↑ Dummett, Mark (24 November 2008). "Bangladesh election is deferred". BBC News. Archived from the original on 25 November 2008. Retrieved 24 November 2008.
  23. ↑ "Bangladesh gov't to fully withdraw state of emergency from Dec. 17". People's Daily. 11 December 2008. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 12 December 2008.
  24. ↑ "Number of Candidates (Party-wise)". Bangladesh Election Commission. Archived from the original on 25 December 2008. Retrieved 30 December 2009.
  25. ↑ Turnout rate in Bangladesh's ninth parliamentary election highest in history , Xinhua, 30 December 2008.
  26. ↑ "Bangladesh polls: Hasina wins by landslide majority". IBN. Associated Press. 30 December 2008. Archived from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
  27. ↑ "Sheikh Hasina storms to power in Bangladesh". Rediff. 30 December 2008. Archived from the original on 28 February 2009. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
  28. 1 2 "Sheikh Hasina set for Bangladesh landslide". Agence France-Presse. 30 December 2008. Archived from the original on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 31 December 2008.
  29. 1 2 "Hasina wins Bangladesh majority". BBC News. 30 December 2008. Archived from the original on 16 February 2009. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
  30. ↑ "2 people killed in post-election violence in W Bangladesh". People's Daily. 30 December 2008. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
  31. ↑ "Manmohan for close ties with Bangladesh". The Hindu. 31 December 2008. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
  32. ↑ "India looks forward to working with Hasina govt. : PM". The Hindu. 30 December 2008. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
  33. ↑ "BJP hails Hasina's victory in Bangladesh". The Hindu. 30 December 2008. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
  34. ↑ "Mamata congratulates Hasina". The Hindu. 30 December 2008. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
  35. ↑ "Bush phones Hasina to congratulate". The Daily Star. BSS. 11 January 2009. Archived from the original on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  36. 1 2 "World leaders greet Hasina". The Daily Star.
  37. 1 2
  38. 1 2 3 4 "More world leaders greet Hasina". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 29 September 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2009.
  39. ↑
  40. ↑ "President, PM greet Hasina Wajid on electoral victory". GEO Pakistan. Karachi. 1 January 2009. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
  41. ↑ "U.S. Congratulates Bangladesh For Holding Election Successfully". All Headline News. 30 December 2008. Archived from the original on 16 January 2009.
  42. ↑ "Bangladesh's Sheikh Hasina Wins Landslide Election". Voice of America. 30 December 2008. Archived from the original on 31 December 2008. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
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