2021 Russian wildfires
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From June 2021, the taiga forests in Siberia and the Far East region of Russia were hit by unprecedented wildfires, following record-breaking heat and drought.[1] For the first time in recorded history, wildfire smoke reached the North Pole.[2]

Events

Siberia

In Yakutia, according to the Republic of Sakha's emergencies ministry, more than 250 fires were burning across roughly 5720 square kilometers of land on July 5. NASA's Aqua satellite also captured images of large fires raging in Kamchatka.[1] In the city of Yakutsk, toxic smoke produced by the fires blanketed the city, reducing air quality to levels described as an "airpocalypse".[3] Fires and smokes forced the Kolyma highway to be closed. A state of emergency was declared,[4] and military planes and helicopters[5] were used to douse the fires and to seed clouds to bring down rainfall.[3][6] Boats along the River Lena were suspended. Aisen Nikolayev, head of the republic, said the fires were mainly an effect of climate change, and that there had been unusually low rainfall.[7] The Aerial Forest Protection Service said in July that more than half the fires were not being fought.[8]

On August 4, smoke originating from the Siberian wildfires was reported in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, over 2,000 kilometers (around 1,200 miles) south-west from the place where the fires originated. The hourly average concentration, measured at 3pm that same day, reached 103 μg/m³ for the PM2.5 particles, while the one for PM10 particles hit 168 μg/m³. The average daily concentration for PM2.5 was found to have been somewhere between 38 and 69 μg/m³, exceeding the WHO's 24-hour mean air quality guidelines by 1.5 to 2.8 times.[9][10] Smoke coming from the Siberian fires invaded the capital city again on August 10, albeit less intensely. The national meteorological institute stated on one of the articles on their website that the particle concentration was expected to decrease on August 12.[11]

As of August 12, the Siberian fires were larger than all other fires ongoing across the world combined.[12] NASA also noted that the wildfire smoke had travelled more than 3,000 km (1,864 mi) from Yakutia to reach the North Pole, a feat that "appears to be a first in recorded history."[13]

Karelia

Fires were unexpected.[8]

Causes

Surface Temperature Anomaly (°C) June 18–25 of 2021 compared to average temperatures of the same time period 2003-2013

Causes of the fires include monitoring difficulties,[14] the shifting patterns of the jet stream and climate change in Russia.[4] The fires were one of several extreme weather events that occurred globally in 2021.[15]

Activists and experts say that fires are often set deliberately to cover up evidence of illegal lumbering or to create new places for timber harvesting under the false pretext of clearing burned areas. Activists in Siberia and the Far East allege such arson is driven by strong demand for timber in the colossal Chinese market, and they have called for a total ban on timber exports to China. Officials have acknowledged the problem and pledged to tighten oversight, but Russia's far-flung territory and regulatory loopholes make it hard to halt the illegal activity.[16]

Long-term effects

Large amounts of carbon may be released from formerly frozen ground under the fires,[15] especially peatlands[17] which continued burning from the previous year.[18]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Fires Scorch the Sakha Republic". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 2021-07-06. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
  2. ↑ Hayes, Kelly (2021-08-13). "Wildfire smoke reaches North Pole for 1st time in recorded history". FOX TV Digital Team. Archived from the original on 2021-08-14. Retrieved 2021-08-15.
  3. 1 2 "'Airpocalypse' hits Siberian city as heatwave sparks forest fires". Guardian. 20 July 2021.
  4. 1 2 "Extreme weather takes climate change models 'off the scale'". Financial Times. 24 July 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-07-24. Retrieved 2021-07-24.
  5. ↑ "Russia deploys military to help contain raging Siberian wildfires". euronews. 2021-07-23. Retrieved 2021-07-26.
  6. ↑ "Russian planes seed clouds as raging wildfires near Siberian power plant". Reuters. 2021-07-19. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
  7. ↑ "Wildfires Rage Across Russia, Engulfing Dozens Of Towns And Villages In Haze". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 21 July 2021. Retrieved 2021-07-26.
  8. 1 2 "In Siberia, volunteers wage war on wildfires with shovels and saws". euronews. 2021-07-27. Retrieved 2021-07-28.
  9. ↑ "Due to the Siberian fire, the amount of smoke in Ulaanbaatar has increased dramatically" (in Mongolian). ikon. Mongolian Meteorological and Environmental Research Institute. August 6, 2021. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  10. ↑ WHO. "WHO Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide" (PDF). Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  11. ↑ "From August 12, the smoke from the fire will be reduced". Mongolian Meteorological and Environmental Research Agency. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  12. ↑ Dixon, Robyn (2021-08-10). "Siberia's wildfires are bigger than all the world's other blazes combined". The Washington Post. Moscow. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 2021-08-11. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
  13. ↑ "August 7, 2021 - Smoke from Siberian Wildfires". NASA. NAMEM. August 7, 2021.
  14. ↑ "What's Fueling Russia's 'Unprecedented' Fires? | Voice of America - English". www.voanews.com. 23 July 2021. Retrieved 2021-07-25.
  15. 1 2 "Amid summer of fire and floods, a moment of truth for climate action". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2021-07-25.
  16. ↑ "What's Fueling Russia's 'Unprecedented' Fires?". 23 July 2021.
  17. ↑ "Siberia battles wildfires after hottest and driest June for 133 years - releasing high amounts of carbon into the atmosphere". Sky News. Retrieved 2021-07-25.
  18. ↑ "Peat Fires Smolder in Siberia Despite Bone-Chilling Temperatures". The Moscow Times. 2021-01-27. Retrieved 2021-07-27.
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