This is a timeline of quantum computing.

1960s

1968

1970s

1970

1973

1975

  • R. P. Poplavskii published "Thermodynamical models of information processing" (in Russian)[4] which showed the computational infeasibility of simulating quantum systems on classical computers, due to the superposition principle.

1976

  • Roman Stanisław Ingarden, a Polish mathematical physicist, published the paper "Quantum Information Theory" in Reports on Mathematical Physics, vol. 10, 43–72, 1976 (The paper was submitted in 1975). It is one of the first attempts at creating a quantum information theory, showing that Shannon information theory cannot directly be generalized to the quantum case, but rather that it is possible to construct a quantum information theory, which is a generalization of Shannon's theory, within the formalism of a generalized quantum mechanics of open systems and a generalized concept of observables (the so-called semi-observables).

1980s

1980

  • Paul Benioff described the first quantum mechanical model of a computer. In this work, Benioff showed that a computer could operate under the laws of quantum mechanics by describing a Schrödinger equation description of Turing machines, laying a foundation for further work in quantum computing. The paper[5] was submitted in June 1979 and published in April 1980.
  • Yuri Manin briefly motivated the idea of quantum computing.[6]
  • Tommaso Toffoli introduced the reversible Toffoli gate,[7] which (together with initialized ancilla bits) is functionally complete for reversible classical computation.

1981

  • At the First Conference on the Physics of Computation, held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in May, Paul Benioff and Richard Feynman gave talks on quantum computing. Benioff's built on his earlier 1980 work showing that a computer can operate under the laws of quantum mechanics. The talk was titled “Quantum mechanical Hamiltonian models of discrete processes that erase their own histories: application to Turing machines”.[8] In Feynman's talk, he observed that it appeared to be impossible to efficiently simulate an evolution of a quantum system on a classical computer, and he proposed a basic model for a quantum computer.[9]

1982

1984

1985

1988

  • Yoshihisa Yamamoto and K. Igeta proposed the first physical realization of a quantum computer, including Feynman's CNOT gate.[15] Their approach uses atoms and photons and is the progenitor of modern quantum computing and networking protocols using photons to transmit qubits and atoms to perform two-qubit operations.

1989

1990s

1991

1992

  • David Deutsch and Richard Jozsa proposed a computational problem that can be solved efficiently with the deterministic Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm on a quantum computer, but for which no deterministic classical algorithm is possible. This was perhaps the earliest result in the computational complexity of quantum computers, proving that they were capable of performing some well-defined computational task more efficiently than any classical computer.
  • Ethan Bernstein and Umesh Vazirani propose the Bernstein–Vazirani algorithm, It is a restricted version of the Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm where instead of distinguishing between two different classes of functions, it tries to learn a string encoded in a function. The Bernstein–Vazirani algorithm was designed to prove an oracle separation between complexity classes BQP and BPP.

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

  • Samuel L. Braunstein and collaborators showed that none of the bulk NMR experiments performed to date contained any entanglement; the quantum states being too strongly mixed. This is seen as evidence that NMR computers would likely not yield a benefit over classical computers. It remains an open question, however, whether entanglement is necessary for quantum computational speedup.[34]
  • Gabriel Aeppli, Thomas Felix Rosenbaum and colleagues demonstrated experimentally the basic concepts of quantum annealing in a condensed matter system.
  • Yasunobu Nakamura and Jaw-Shen Tsai demonstrated that a superconducting circuit can be used as a qubit.[35]

2000s

2000

2001

  • The first execution of Shor's algorithm at IBM's Almaden Research Center and Stanford University was demonstrated. The number 15 was factored using 1018 identical molecules, each containing seven active nuclear spins.
  • Noah Linden and Sandu Popescu proved that the presence of entanglement is a necessary condition for a large class of quantum protocols. This, coupled with Braunstein's result (see 1999 above), called the validity of NMR quantum computation into question.[36]
  • Emanuel Knill, Raymond Laflamme, and Gerard Milburn showed that optical quantum computing is possible with single-photon sources, linear optical elements, and single-photon detectors, establishing the field of linear optical quantum computing.
  • Robert Raussendorf and Hans Jürgen Briegel proposed measurement-based quantum computation.[37]

2002

2003

2004

  • The first working pure state NMR quantum computer (based on parahydrogen) was demonstrated at Oxford University and University of York.
  • Physicists at the University of Innsbruck showed deterministic quantum-state teleportation between a pair of trapped calcium ions.[43]
  • The first five-photon entanglement was demonstrated by Jian-Wei Pan's team at the University of Science and Technology of Chin; the minimal number of qubits required for universal quantum error correction.[44]

2005

2006

  • The Materials Science Department of Oxford University caged a qubit in a "buckyball" (a molecule of buckminsterfullerene) and demonstrated quantum "bang-bang" error correction.[47]

2007

  • Subwavelength waveguide was developed for light.[63]
  • A single-photon emitter for optical fibers was developed.[64]
  • The first one-way quantum computers were built,[65] where measurement (collapse) of an entangled cluster state is the main driving force of computation,[66] and shown to perform simple computations, such as Deutsch's algorithm.[67]
  • A new material was proposed for quantum computing.[68]
  • A single-atom single-photon server was devised.[69]
  • The University of Cambridge developed an electron quantum pump.[70]
  • A superior method of qubit coupling was developed.[71]
  • A successful demonstration of controllably coupled qubits was reported.[72]
  • A breakthrough in applying spin-based electronics to silicon was reported.[73]
  • Scientists demonstrated a quantum state exchange between light and matter.[74]
  • A diamond quantum register was developed.[75]
  • Controlled-NOT quantum gates on a pair of superconducting quantum bits were realized.[76]
  • Scientists contained and studied hundreds of individual atoms in 3D array.[77]
  • Nitrogen in a buckyball molecule was used in quantum computing.[78]
  • A large number of electrons were quantum coupled.[79]
  • Spin–orbit interaction of electrons were measured.[80]
  • Atoms were quantum manipulated in laser light.[81]
  • Light pulses were used to control electron spins.[82]
  • Quantum effects were demonstrated across tens of nanometers.[83]
  • Light pulses were used to accelerate quantum computing development.[84]
  • A quantum RAM blueprint was unveiled.[85]
  • A model of a quantum transistor was developed.[86]
  • Long distance entanglement was demonstrated.[87]
  • Photonic quantum computing was used to factor a number by two independent labs.[88]
  • A quantum bus was developed by two independent labs.[89]
  • A superconducting quantum cable was developed.[90]
  • The transmission of qubits was demonstrated.[91]
  • Superior qubit material was devised.[92]
  • A single-electron qubit memory was reported.[93]
  • Bose–Einstein condensate quantum memory was developed.[94]
  • D-Wave Systems demonstrated use of a 28-qubit quantum annealing computer.[95]
  • A new cryonic method reduced decoherence and increased interaction distance, and thus quantum computing speed.[96]
  • A photonic quantum computer was demonstrated.[97]
  • Graphene quantum dot spin qubits were proposed.[98]

2008

Chip constructed by D-Wave Systems Inc. designed to operate as a 128-qubit superconducting adiabatic quantum optimization processor, mounted in a sample holder (2009)
  • The HHL algorithm for solving linear equations was published.[99]
  • Graphene quantum dot qubits were described.[100]
  • Scientists succeeded in storing a quantum bit.[101]
  • 3D qubit-qutrit entanglement was demonstrated.[102]
  • Analog quantum computing was devised.[103]
  • Control of quantum tunneling was devised.[104]
  • Entangled memory was developed.[105]
  • A superior NOT gate was developed.[106]
  • Qutrits were developed.[107]
  • Quantum logic gate in optical fiber[108]
  • A superior quantum Hall Effect was discovered.[109]
  • Enduring spin states in quantum dots were reported.[110]
  • Molecular magnets were proposed for quantum RAM.[111]
  • Quasiparticles offered hope of stable quantum computers.[112]
  • Image storage may have better storage of qubits was reported.[113]
  • Quantum entangled images were reported.[114]
  • Quantum state was intentionally altered in a molecule.[115]
  • Electron position was controlled in a silicon circuit.[116]
  • A superconducting electronic circuit pumped microwave photons.[117]
  • Amplitude spectroscopy was developed.[118]
  • A superior quantum computer test was developed.[119]
  • An optical frequency comb was devised.[120]
  • The concept of Quantum Darwinism was supported.[121]
  • Hybrid qubit memory was developed.[122]
  • A qubit was stored for over 1 second in an atomic nucleus.[123]
  • Faster electron spin qubit switching and reading was developed.[124]
  • The possibility of non-entanglement quantum computing was described.[125]
  • D-Wave Systems claimed to have produced a 128 qubit computer chip, though this claim had yet to be verified.[126]

2009

  • Carbon 12 was purified for longer coherence times.[127]
  • The lifetime of qubits was extended to hundreds of milliseconds.[128]
  • Improved quantum control of photons was reported.[129]
  • Quantum entanglement was demonstrated over 240 micrometres.[130]
  • Qubit lifetime was extended by factor of 1000.[131]
  • The first electronic quantum processor was created.[132]
  • Six-photon graph state entanglement was used to simulate the fractional statistics of anyons living in artificial spin-lattice models.[133]
  • A single-molecule optical transistor was devised.[134]
  • NIST was able to read and write individual qubits.[135]
  • NIST demonstrated multiple computing operations on qubits.[136]
  • The first large-scale topological cluster state quantum architecture was developed for atom-optics.[137]
  • A combination of all of the fundamental elements required to perform scalable quantum computing through the use of qubits stored in the internal states of trapped atomic ions was shown.[138]
  • Researchers at University of Bristol demonstrated Shor's algorithm on a silicon photonic chip.[139]
  • Quantum Computing with an Electron Spin Ensemble was reported.[140]
  • A so-called photon machine gun was developed for quantum computing.[141]
  • The first universal programmable quantum computer was unveiled.[142]
  • Scientists electrically controlled quantum states of electrons.[143]
  • Google collaborated with D-Wave Systems on image search technology using quantum computing.[144]
  • A method for synchronizing the properties of multiple coupled CJJ rf-SQUID flux qubits with a small spread of device parameters due to fabrication variations was demonstrated.[145]
  • Universal Ion Trap Quantum Computation with decoherence free qubits was realized.[146]
  • The first chip-scale quantum computer was reported.[147]

2010s

2010

  • Ions were trapped in an optical trap.[148]
  • An optical quantum computer with three qubits calculated the energy spectrum of molecular hydrogen to high precision.[149]
  • The first germanium laser advanced the state of optical computers.[150]
  • A single-electron qubit was developed[151]
  • The quantum state in a macroscopic object was reported.[152]
  • A new quantum computer cooling method was developed.[153]
  • Racetrack ion trap was developed.[154]
  • Evidence for a Moore-Read state in the quantum Hall plateau,[155] which would be suitable for topological quantum computation was reported
  • A quantum interface between a single photon and a single atom was demonstrated.[156]
  • LED quantum entanglement was demonstrated.[157]
  • Multiplexed design increased the speed of transmission of quantum information through a quantum communications channel.[158]
  • A two-photon optical chip was reported.[159]
  • Microfabricated planar ion traps were tested.[160][161]
  • A boson sampling technique was proposed by Aaronson and Arkhipov.[162]
  • Quantum dot qubits were manipulated electrically, not magnetically.[163]

2011

  • Entanglement in a solid-state spin ensemble was reported[164]
  • NOON photons in a superconducting quantum integrated circuit were reported.[165]
  • A quantum antenna was described.[166]
  • Multimode quantum interference was documented.[167]
  • Magnetic Resonance applied to quantum computing was reported.[168]
  • The quantum pen for single atoms was documented.[169]
  • Atomic "Racing Dual" was reported.[170]
  • A 14 qubit register was reported.[171]
  • D-Wave claimed to have developed quantum annealing and introduced their product called D-Wave One. The company claims this is the first commercially available quantum computer.[172]
  • Repetitive error correction was demonstrated in a quantum processor.[173]
  • Diamond quantum computer memory was demonstrated.[174]
  • Qmodes were developed.[175]
  • Decoherence was demonstrated as suppressed.[176]
  • Simplification of controlled operations was reported.[177]
  • Ions entangled using microwaves were documented.[178]
  • Practical error rates were achieved.[179]
  • A quantum computer employing Von Neumann architecture was described.[180]
  • A quantum spin Hall topological insulator was reported.[181]
  • The concept of two diamonds linked by quantum entanglement could help develop photonic processors was described.[182]

2012

  • D-Wave claimed a quantum computation using 84 qubits.[183]
  • Physicists created a working transistor from a single atom.[184][185]
  • A method for manipulating the charge of nitrogen vacancy-centres in diamond was reported.[186]
  • Creation of a 300 qubit/particle quantum simulator was reported.[187][188]
  • Demonstration of topologically protected qubits with an eight-photon entanglement was reported; a robust approach to practical quantum computing.[189]
  • 1QB Information Technologies (1QBit) was founded; the world's first dedicated quantum computing software company.[190]
  • The first design of a quantum repeater system without a need for quantum memories was reported.[191]
  • Decoherence suppressed for 2 seconds at room temperature by manipulating Carbon-13 atoms with lasers was reported.[192][193]
  • The theory of Bell-based randomness expansion with reduced assumption of measurement independence was reported.[194]
  • New low overhead method for fault-tolerant quantum logic was developed called lattice surgery.[195]

2013

  • Coherence time of 39 minutes at room temperature (and 3 hours at cryogenic temperatures) was demonstrated for an ensemble of impurity-spin qubits in isotopically purified silicon.[196]
  • Extension of time for a qubit maintained in superimposed state for ten times longer than what has ever been achieved before was reported.[197]
  • The first resource analysis of a large-scale quantum algorithm using explicit fault-tolerant, error-correction protocols was developed for factoring.[198]

2014

  • Documents leaked by Edward Snowden confirmed the Penetrating Hard Targets project,[199] by which the National Security Agency sought to develop a quantum computing capability for cryptography purposes.[200][201][202]
  • Researchers in Japan and Austria published the first large-scale quantum computing architecture for a diamond-based system.[203]
  • Scientists at the University of Innsbruck performed quantum computations on a topologically encoded qubit which was encoded in entangled states distributed over seven trapped-ion qubits.[204]
  • Scientists transferred data by quantum teleportation over a distance of 10 feet (3.0 meters) with zero percent error rate; a vital step towards a quantum Internet.[205][206]

2015

  • Optically addressable nuclear spins in a solid with a six-hour coherence time were documented.[207]
  • Quantum information encoded by simple electrical pulses was documented.[208]
  • Quantum error detection code using a square lattice of four superconducting qubits was documented.[209]
  • D-Wave Systems Inc. announced on June 22 that it had broken the 1,000-qubit barrier.[210]
  • A two-qubit silicon logic gate was successfully developed.[211]

2016

  • Physicists led by Rainer Blatt joined forces with scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), led by Isaac Chuang, to efficiently implement Shor's algorithm in an ion-trap-based quantum computer.[212]
  • IBM released the Quantum Experience, an online interface to their superconducting systems. The system is immediately used to publish new protocols in quantum information processing.[213][214]
  • Rubayet Hossain (Omi), the former intelligent systems researcher of DARPA in collaboration with the researchers of QuAIL develop the world's first user-interactive operating system to be used in commercial quantum computers. And Intel confirms development of a 17-qubit superconducting test chip.[215]
  • Google, using an array of 9 superconducting qubits developed by the Martinis group and UCSB, simulated a hydrogen molecule.[216]
  • Scientists in Japan and Australia invented a quantum version of a Sneakernet communications system.[217]

2017

  • D-Wave Systems Inc. announced general commercial availability of the D-Wave 2000Q quantum annealer, which it claimed has 2000 qubits.[218]
  • A blueprint for a microwave trapped ion quantum computer was published.[219]
  • IBM unveiled a 17-qubit quantum computer—and a better way of benchmarking it.[220]
  • Scientists built a microchip that generates two entangled qudits each with 10 states, for 100 dimensions total.[221]
  • Microsoft revealed Q#, a quantum programming language integrated with its Visual Studio development environment. Programs can be executed locally on a 32-qubit simulator, or a 40-qubit simulator on Azure.[222]
  • IBM revealed a working 50-qubit quantum computer that can maintain its quantum state for 90 microseconds.[223]
  • The first teleportation using a satellite, connecting ground stations over a distance of 1400 km apart was announced.[224] Previous experiments were at Earth, at shorter distances.

2018

  • MIT scientists reported the discovery of a new triple-photon form of light.[225][226]
  • Oxford researchers successfully use a trapped-ion technique, where they placed two charged atoms in a state of quantum entanglement to speed up logic gates by a factor of 20 to 60 times, as compared with the previous best gates, translated to 1.6 microseconds long, with 99.8% precision.[227]
  • QuTech successfully tested a silicon-based 2-spin-qubit processor.[228]
  • Google announced the creation of a 72-qubit quantum chip, called "Bristlecone",[229] achieving a new record.
  • Intel began testing a silicon-based spin-qubit processor manufactured in the company's D1D fab in Oregon.[230]
  • Intel confirmed development of a 49-qubit superconducting test chip, called "Tangle Lake".[231]
  • Japanese researchers demonstrated universal holonomic quantum gates.[232]
  • An integrated photonic platform for quantum information with continuous variables was documented.[233]
  • On December 17, 2018, the company IonQ introduced the first commercial trapped-ion quantum computer, with a program length of over 60 two-qubit gates, 11 fully connected qubits, 55 addressable pairs, one-qubit gate error of <0.03% and two-qubit gate error of <1.0%.[234][235]
  • On December 21, 2018, the National Quantum Initiative Act was signed into law by President Donald Trump, establishing the goals and priorities for a 10-year plan to accelerate the development of quantum information science and technology applications in the United States.[236][237][238]

2019

IBM Q System One (2019), the first circuit-based commercial quantum computer
  • IBM unveiled its first commercial quantum computer, the IBM Q System One,[239] designed by UK-based Map Project Office and Universal Design Studio and manufactured by Goppion.[240]
  • Austrian physicists demonstrated self-verifying, hybrid, variational quantum simulation of lattice models in condensed matter and high-energy physics using a feedback loop between a classical computer and a quantum co-processor.[241]
  • Griffith University, UNSW and UTS, in partnership with seven universities in the United States, develop noise cancelling for quantum bits via machine learning, taking quantum noise in a quantum chip down to 0%.[242][243]
  • Quantum Darwinism was observed in diamond at room temperature.[244][245]
  • Google revealed its Sycamore processor, consisting of 53 qubits. A paper by Google's quantum computer research team was briefly available in late September 2019, claiming the project had reached quantum supremacy.[246][247][248]
  • University of Science and Technology of China researchers demonstrated boson sampling with 14 detected photons.[249]

2020s

2020

  • 20 April UNSW Sydney develops a way of producing 'hot qubits' – quantum devices that operate at 1.5 kelvins.[250]
  • 11 March UNSW performed electric nuclear resonance to control single atoms in electronic devices.[251]
  • 23 April University of Tokyo and Australian scientists created and successfully tested a solution to the quantum wiring problem, creating a 2D structure for qubits. Such structure can be built using existing integrated circuit technology and has a considerably lower cross-talk.[252]
  • 16 January Quantum physicists reported the first direct splitting of one photon into three using spontaneous parametric down-conversion and which may have applications in quantum technology.[253][254]
  • 11 February Quantum engineers reported that they had created artificial atoms in silicon quantum dots for quantum computing and that artificial atoms with a higher number of electrons can be more stable qubits than previously thought possible. Enabling silicon-based quantum computers may make it possible to reuse the manufacturing technology of "classical" modern-day computer chips among other advantages.[255][256]
  • 14 February Quantum physicists developed a novel single-photon source which may allow bridging of semiconductor-based quantum-computers that use photons by converting the state of an electron spin to the polarisation of a photon. They showed that they can generate a single photon in a controlled way without the need for randomly formed quantum dots or structural defects in diamonds.[257][258]
  • 25 February Scientists visualized a quantum measurement: by taking snapshots of ion states at different times of measurement via coupling of a trapped ion qutrit to the photon environment, they showed that the changes of the degrees of superpositions, and therefore of probabilities of states after measurement, happens gradually under the measurement influence.[259][260]
  • Working IQM Quantum Computer installed in Espoo, Finland in 2020
    2 March Scientists reported to have achieved repeated quantum nondemolition measurements of an electron's spin in a silicon quantum dot: measurements that don't change the electron's spin in the process.[261][262]
  • 11 March Quantum engineers reported to have managed to control the nucleus of a single atom using only electric fields. This was first suggested to be possible in 1961 and may be used for silicon quantum computers that use single-atom spins without needing oscillating magnetic fields. This may be especially useful for nanodevices, for precise sensors of electric and magnetic fields, as well as for fundamental inquiries into quantum nature.[263][264]
  • 19 March A US Army laboratory announces that its scientists analysed a Rydberg sensor's sensitivity to oscillating electric fields over an enormous range of frequencies—from 0 to 10^12 Hz (the spectrum to 0.3 mm wavelength). The Rydberg sensor may potentially be used detect communications signals as it could reliably detect signals over the entire spectrum and compare favourably with other established electric field sensor technologies, such as electro-optic crystals and dipole antenna-coupled passive electronics.[265][266]
  • 23 March Researchers reported that they corrected for signal loss in a prototype quantum node that can catch, store and entangle bits of quantum information. Their concepts could be used for key components of quantum repeaters in quantum networks and extend their longest possible range.[267][268]
  • 15 April Researchers demonstrated a proof-of-concept silicon quantum processor unit cell which works at 1.5 kelvins – many times warmer than common quantum processors that are being developed. The finding may enable the integration of classical control electronics with a qubit array and substantially reduce costs. The cooling requirements necessary for quantum computing have been called one of the toughest roadblocks in the field.[269][270][271][272]
  • 16 April Scientists proved the existence of the Rashba effect in bulk perovskites. Previously researchers have hypothesized that the materials' extraordinary electronic, magnetic and optical properties – which make it a commonly used material for solar cells and quantum electronics – are related to this effect which to date had not been proven to be present in the material.[273][274]
  • 8 May Researchers reported to have developed a proof-of-concept of a quantum radar using quantum entanglement and microwaves which may potentially be useful for the development of improved radar systems, security scanners and medical imaging systems.[275][276][277]
  • 12 May Researchers reported to have developed a method to selectively manipulate a layered manganite's correlated electrons' spin state while leaving its orbital state intact using femtosecond X-ray laser pulses. This may indicate that orbitronics – using variations in the orientations of orbitals – may be used as the basic unit of information in novel IT devices.[278][279]
  • 19 May Researchers reported to have developed the first integrated silicon on-chip low-noise single-photon source compatible with large-scale quantum photonics.[280][281][282]
  • 11 June Scientists reported the generation of rubidium Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) in the Cold Atom Laboratory aboard the International Space Station under microgravity which could enable improved research of BECs and quantum mechanics, whose physics are scaled to macroscopic scales in BECs, support long-term investigations of few-body physics, support the development of techniques for atom–wave interferometry and atom lasers and verified the successful operation of the laboratory.[283][284][285]
  • 15 June Scientists report the development of the smallest synthetic molecular motor, consisting of 12 atoms and a rotor of 4 atoms, shown to be capable of being powered by an electric current using an electron scanning microscope and moving even with very low amounts of energy due to quantum tunneling.[286][287][288]
  • 17 June Quantum scientists reported the development of a system that entangled two photon quantum communication nodes through a microwave cable that can send information in between without the photons being sent through, or occupying, the cable. On 12 June it was reported that they also, for the first time, entangled two phonons as well as erase information from their measurement after the measurement had been completed using delayed-choice quantum erasure.[289][290][291][292]
  • 13 August Universal coherence protection was reported to have been achieved in a solid-state spin qubit, a modification that allows quantum systems to stay operational (or "coherent") for 10,000 times longer than before.[293][294]
  • 26 August Scientists reported that ionizing radiation from environmental radioactive materials and cosmic rays may substantially limit the coherence times of qubits if they aren't shielded adequately.[295][296][297]
  • Google Sycamore quantum computer processor in 2019
    28 August Quantum engineers working for Google reported the largest chemical simulation on a quantum computer – a Hartree–Fock approximation with Sycamore paired with a classical computer that analyzed results to provide new parameters for a 12-qubit system.[298][299][300]
  • 2 September Researchers presented an eight-user city-scale quantum communication network, located in Bristol, using already deployed fibres without active switching or trusted nodes.[301][302]
  • 21 September Researchers reported the achievement of quantum entanglement between the motion of a millimetre-sized mechanical oscillator and a disparate distant spin system of a cloud of atoms.[303][304]
  • 3 December Chinese researchers claimed to have achieved quantum supremacy, using a photonic peak 76-qubit system (43 average) known as Jiuzhang, which performed calculations at 100 trillion times the speed of classical supercomputers.[305][306][307]
  • 21 December Publication of research of "counterfactual quantum communication" – whose first achievement was reported in 2017 – by which information can be exchanged without any physical particle traveling between observers and without quantum teleportation.[308] The research suggests that this is based on some form of relation between the properties of modular angular momentum.[309][310][311]

2021

  • 6 January Chinese researchers reported that they had built the world's largest integrated quantum communication network, combining over 700 optical fibers with two QKD-ground-to-satellite links for a total distance between nodes of the network of networks of up to ~4,600 km.[312][313]
  • 13 January Austrian researchers reported the first realization of an entangling gate between two logical qubits encoded in topological quantum error-correction codes using a trapped-ion quantum computer with 10 ions.[314][315]
  • 15 January Researchers in China reported the successful transmission of entangled photons between drones, used as nodes for the development of mobile quantum networks or flexible network extensions, marking the first work in which entangled particles were sent between two moving devices.[316][317]
  • 28 January Swiss and German researchers reported the development of a highly efficient single-photon source for quantum IT with a system of gated quantum dots in a tunable microcavity which captures photons released from these excited "artificial atoms".[318][319]
  • 5 February Researchers demonstrated a first prototype of quantum-logic gates for distributed quantum computers.[320][321]
  • 13 April In a preprint, an astronomer described for the first time how one could search for quantum communication transmissions sent by extraterrestrial intelligence using existing telescope and receiver technology. He also provided arguments for why future searches of SETI should also target interstellar quantum communications.[322][323]
  • 7 May Two studies complemented research published September 2020 by quantum-entangling two mechanical oscillators.[324][325][326]
  • 8 June Researchers from Toshiba achieved quantum communications over optical fibres exceeding 600 km in length, a world-record distance.[327][328][329]
  • 17 June Austrian, German and Swiss researchers presented a quantum computing demonstrator fitting into two 19-inch racks, the world's first quality standards-meeting compact quantum computer.[330][331]
  • 7 July American researchers presented a programmable quantum simulator that can operate with 256 qubits,[332][333] and on the same date and journal another team presented a quantum simulator of 196 Rydeberg atoms trapped in optical tweezers.[334]
  • 25 October Chinese researchers reported that they have developed the world's fastest programmable quantum computers. The photon-based Jiuzhang 2 was claimed to be able to calculate a task in one millisecond, that otherwise would have taken a conventional computer 30 trillion years to complete. Additionally, Zuchongzhi 2 is a 66-qubit programmable superconducting quantum computer that was claimed to be the world's fastest quantum computer that can run a calculation task one million times more complex than Google's Sycamore, as well as being 10 million times faster.[335][336]
  • 11 November The first simulation of baryons on a quantum computer is reported by University of Waterloo.[337][338]
  • 16 November IBM claims that it has created a 127 quantum bit processor, 'IBM Eagle', which according to a report is the most powerful quantum processor known. According to the report, the company had not yet published an academic paper describing its metrics, performance or abilities.[339][340]

2022

  • 18 January Europe's first quantum annealer with more than 5,000 qubits was presented in Jülich, Germany.[341]
  • 24 March The first prototype, photonic, quantum memristive device, for neuromorphic (quantum-) computers and artificial neural networks, that is "able to produce memristive dynamics on single-photon states through a scheme of measurement and classical feedback" is invented.[342][343]
  • 14 April The Quantinuum System Model H1-2 doubled its performance claiming to be the first commercial quantum computer to pass quantum volume 4096.[344]
  • 26 May A universal set of computational operations on fault-tolerant quantum bits is demonstrated by a team of experimental physicists in Innsbruck, Austria.[345]
  • 22 June The world's first quantum computer integrated circuit is demonstrated.[346][347]
  • 28 June Physicists report that interstellar quantum communication by other civilizations could be possible and may be advantageous, identifying some potential challenges and factors for detecting such. They may use, for example, X-ray photons for remotely established quantum communications and quantum teleportation as the communication mode.[348][349]
  • 21 July A universal qudit quantum processor is demonstrated with trapped ions.[350]
  • 15 August Nature Materials publishes the first work showing optical initialization and coherent control of nuclear spin qubits in 2D materials (an ultrathin hexagonal boron nitride).[351]
  • 24 August Nature publishes the first research related to a set of 14 photons entangled with high efficiency and in a defined way.[352]
  • 26 August Created photon pairs at several different frequencies using optical ultra-thin resonant metasurfaces made up of arrays of nanoresonators.[353]
  • 29 August Physicists at the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics deterministically generated entangled graph states of up to 14 photons using a trapped rubidium atom in an optical cavity.[354]
  • 2 September Researchers from The University of Tokyo and other Japanese institutions developed a systematic method that applies optimal control theory (GRAPE algorithm) to identify the theoretically optimal sequence from among all conceivable quantum operation sequences. It is necessary to complete the operations within the time that the coherent quantum state is maintained.[355]
  • 30 September Researchers at University of New South Wales achieved a coherence time of two milliseconds, 100 times higher than the previous benchmark in the same quantum processor.[356]
  • 9 November IBM presents its 433-qubit 'Osprey' quantum processor, the successor to its Eagle system.[357][358]
  • 1 December – The world's first portable quantum computer entered into commerce in Japan. With three variants, topping out at 3 qubits, they are meant for education. They are based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), "NMR has extremely limited scaling capabilities" and dimethylphosphite.[359][360][361]

2023

  • 3 February – At the University of Innsbruck researchers entangled two ions over a distance of 230 meters.[362]
  • 8 February – Alpine Quantum Technologies (AQT) demonstrated a quantum volume of 128 on its 19-inch rack-compatible quantum computer system PINE – a new record in Europe.[363]
  • 27 March – India's first quantum computing-based telecom network link was inaugurated.[364]
  • 14 June – IBM computer scientists report that a quantum computer produced better results for a physics problem than a conventional supercomputer.[365][366]
  • 21 June – Microsoft declares that it is working on a topological quantum computer based on Majorana fermions, with the aim of arriving within 10 years at a computer capable of carrying out at least one million operations per second with an error rate of one operation every 1,000 billion (corresponding to 11 uninterrupted days of calculation).[367]
  • 24 October – Atom Computing announced that it has "created a 1,225-site atomic array, currently populated with 1,180 qubits",[368] based on Rydberg atoms.[369]
  • 4 December – IBM presented its 1121-qubit ‘Condor’ quantum processor, the successor to its Osprey and Eagle systems.[370][371] The Condor system was the culmination of IBM’s multi-year ‘Roadmap to Quantum Advantage’ seeking to break the 1,000 qubit threshold.[372]

See also

References

  1. Mor, T. and Renner, R., Preface to Special Issue on Quantum Cryptography, Natural Computing 13(4):447–452, DOI: 10.1007/s11047-014-9464-3
  2. Park, James (1970). "The concept of transition in quantum mechanics". Foundations of Physics. 1 (1): 23–33. Bibcode:1970FoPh....1...23P. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.623.5267. doi:10.1007/BF00708652. S2CID 55890485.
  3. Bennett, C. (November 1973). "Logical Reversibility of Computation" (PDF). IBM Journal of Research and Development. 17 (6): 525–532. doi:10.1147/rd.176.0525.
  4. Poplavskii, R. P. (1975). "Thermodynamical models of information processing". Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk (in Russian). 115 (3): 465–501. doi:10.3367/UFNr.0115.197503d.0465.
  5. Benioff, Paul (1980). "The computer as a physical system: A microscopic quantum mechanical Hamiltonian model of computers as represented by Turing machines". Journal of Statistical Physics. 22 (5): 563–591. Bibcode:1980JSP....22..563B. doi:10.1007/bf01011339. S2CID 122949592.
  6. Manin, Yu I (1980). Vychislimoe i nevychislimoe (Computable and Noncomputable) (in Russian). Sov. Radio. pp. 13–15. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. Retrieved March 4, 2013.
  7. Technical Report MIT/LCS/TM-151 (1980) and an adapted and condensed version: Toffoli, Tommaso (1980). "Reversible computing" (PDF). In J. W. de Bakker and J. van Leeuwen (ed.). Automata, Languages and Programming. Automata, Languages and Programming, Seventh Colloquium. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 85. Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands: Springer Verlag. pp. 632–644. doi:10.1007/3-540-10003-2_104. ISBN 3-540-10003-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 15, 2010.
  8. Benioff, Paul A. (April 1, 1982). "Quantum mechanical Hamiltonian models of discrete processes that erase their own histories: Application to Turing machines". International Journal of Theoretical Physics. 21 (3): 177–201. Bibcode:1982IJTP...21..177B. doi:10.1007/BF01857725. ISSN 1572-9575. S2CID 122151269.
  9. "Simulating physics with computers" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 30, 2019. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
  10. Benioff, Paul (1982). "Quantum mechanical hamiltonian models of turing machines". Journal of Statistical Physics. 29 (3): 515–546. Bibcode:1982JSP....29..515B. doi:10.1007/BF01342185. S2CID 14956017.
  11. Wootters, William K.; Zurek, Wojciech H. (1982). "A single quantum cannot be cloned". Nature. 299 (5886): 802–803. Bibcode:1982Natur.299..802W. doi:10.1038/299802a0. S2CID 4339227.
  12. Dieks, Dennis (1982). "Communication by EPR devices". Physics Letters A. 92 (6): 271–272. Bibcode:1982PhLA...92..271D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.654.7183. doi:10.1016/0375-9601(82)90084-6.
  13. Bennett, Charles H.; Brassard, Gilles (1984). "Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing". Theoretical Computer Science. Theoretical Aspects of Quantum Cryptography – celebrating 30 years of BB84. 560: 7–11. arXiv:2003.06557. doi:10.1016/j.tcs.2014.05.025. ISSN 0304-3975.
  14. Peres, Asher (1985). "SReversible Logic and Quantum Compzters". Physical Review A. 32 (6): 3266–3276. Bibcode:1985PhRvA..32.3266P. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.32.3266. PMID 9896493.
  15. Igeta, K.; Yamamoto, Yoshihisa (July 18, 1988). "Quantum mechanical computers with single atom and photon fields". International Conference on Quantum Electronics (1988), Paper TuI4. Optica Publishing Group: TuI4.
  16. Milburn, Gerard J. (May 1, 1989). "Quantum optical Fredkin gate". Physical Review Letters. 62 (18): 2124–2127. Bibcode:1989PhRvL..62.2124M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.62.2124. PMID 10039862.
  17. Ray, P.; Chakrabarti, B. K.; Chakrabarti, A. (1989). "Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model in a transverse field: Absence of replica symmetry breaking due to quantum fluctuations". Physical Review B. 39 (16): 11828–11832. Bibcode:1989PhRvB..3911828R. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.39.11828. PMID 9948016.
  18. Das, A.; Chakrabarti, B. K. (2008). "Quantum Annealing and Analog Quantum Computation". Rev. Mod. Phys. 80 (3): 1061–1081. arXiv:0801.2193. Bibcode:2008RvMP...80.1061D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.563.9990. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.80.1061. S2CID 14255125.
  19. Ekert, A. K (1991). "Quantum cryptography based on Bell's theorem". Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 (6): 661–663. Bibcode:1991PhRvL..67..661E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.661. PMID 10044956. S2CID 27683254.
  20. Isaac L. Chuang and Yoshihisa Yamamoto. "Simple quantum computer." Physical Review A 52, 3489 (1995)
  21. Shor, Peter W. (1995). "Scheme for reducing decoherence in quantum computer memory". Physical Review A. 52 (4): R2493–R2496. Bibcode:1995PhRvA..52.2493S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.52.R2493. PMID 9912632.
  22. Monroe, C; Meekhof, D. M; King, B. E; Itano, W. M; Wineland, D. J (December 18, 1995). "Demonstration of a Fundamental Quantum Logic Gate" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 75 (25): 4714–4717. Bibcode:1995PhRvL..75.4714M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4714. PMID 10059979. Retrieved December 29, 2007.
  23. S. C. Kak (1995). "Quantum Neural Computing". Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics. 94: 259–313. doi:10.1016/S1076-5670(08)70147-2. ISBN 9780120147366.
  24. R Chrisley (1995). P. Pyllkkänen, P. Pyllkkö (ed.). "Quantum learning". New Directions in Cognitive Science. Finnish Society for Artificial Intelligence.
  25. Steane, Andrew (1996). "Multiple-Particle Interference and Quantum Error Correction". Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A. 452 (1954): 2551–2577. arXiv:quant-ph/9601029. Bibcode:1996RSPSA.452.2551S. doi:10.1098/rspa.1996.0136. S2CID 8246615. Archived from the original on May 19, 2006. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  26. DiVincenzo, David P. (1996). "Topics in Quantum Computers". arXiv:cond-mat/9612126. Bibcode:1996cond.mat.12126D.
  27. Kitaev, A. Yu (2003). "Fault-tolerant quantum computation by anyons". Annals of Physics. 303 (1): 2–30. arXiv:quant-ph/9707021. Bibcode:2003AnPhy.303....2K. doi:10.1016/S0003-4916(02)00018-0. S2CID 119087885.
  28. Loss, Daniel; DiVincenzo, David P. (January 1, 1998). "Quantum Computation with Quantum Dots". Physical Review A. 57 (1): 120–126. arXiv:cond-mat/9701055. Bibcode:1998PhRvA..57..120L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.57.120. ISSN 1050-2947. S2CID 13152124.
  29. Chuang, Isaac L.; Gershenfeld, Neil; Kubinec, Mark (April 13, 1998). "Experimental Implementation of Fast Quantum Searching". Physical Review Letters. 80 (15): 3408–3411. Bibcode:1998PhRvL..80.3408C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.3408. S2CID 13891055.
  30. Kane, B. E. (May 14, 1998). "A silicon-based nuclear spin quantum computer". Nature. 393 (6681): 133–137. Bibcode:1998Natur.393..133K. doi:10.1038/30156. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 8470520.
  31. Chuang, Isaac L.; Gershenfeld, Neil; Kubinec, Markdoi (April 1998). "Experimental Implementation of Fast Quantum Searching". Phys. Rev. Lett. American Physical Society. 80 (15): 3408–3411. Bibcode:1998PhRvL..80.3408C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.3408.
  32. "Hidetoshi Nishimori – Applying quantum annealing to computers". Tokyo Institute of Technology. Retrieved September 8, 2022.
  33. Gottesman, Daniel (1999). "The Heisenberg Representation of Quantum Computers". In S. P. Corney; R. Delbourgo; P. D. Jarvis (eds.). Proceedings of the Xxii International Colloquium on Group Theoretical Methods in Physics. Vol. 22. Cambridge, MA: International Press. pp. 32–43. arXiv:quant-ph/9807006v1. Bibcode:1998quant.ph..7006G.
  34. Braunstein, S. L; Caves, C. M; Jozsa, R; Linden, N; Popescu, S; Schack, R (1999). "Separability of Very Noisy Mixed States and Implications for NMR Quantum Computing". Physical Review Letters. 83 (5): 1054–1057. arXiv:quant-ph/9811018. Bibcode:1999PhRvL..83.1054B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.1054. S2CID 14429986.
  35. Nakamura, Y.; Pashkin, Yu A.; Tsai, J. S. (April 1999). "Coherent control of macroscopic quantum states in a single-Cooper-pair box". Nature. 398 (6730): 786–788. arXiv:cond-mat/9904003. Bibcode:1999Natur.398..786N. doi:10.1038/19718. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4392755.
  36. Linden, Noah; Popescu, Sandu (2001). "Good Dynamics versus Bad Kinematics: Is Entanglement Needed for Quantum Computation?". Physical Review Letters. 87 (4): 047901. arXiv:quant-ph/9906008. Bibcode:2001PhRvL..87d7901L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.047901. PMID 11461646. S2CID 10533287.
  37. Raussendorf, R; Briegel, H. J (2001). "A One-Way Quantum Computer". Physical Review Letters. 86 (22): 5188–91. Bibcode:2001PhRvL..86.5188R. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.252.5345. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.5188. PMID 11384453.
  38. n.d. Institute for Quantum Computing "Quick Facts". May 15, 2013. Archived from the original on May 7, 2019. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
  39. Gulde, S; Riebe, M; Lancaster, G. P. T; Becher, C; Eschner, J; Häffner, H; Schmidt-Kaler, F; Chuang, I. L; Blatt, R (January 2, 2003). "Implementation of the Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm on an ion-trap quantum computer". Nature. 421 (6918): 48–50. Bibcode:2003Natur.421...48G. doi:10.1038/nature01336. PMID 12511949. S2CID 4401708.
  40. Pittman, T. B.; Fitch, M. J.; Jacobs, B. C; Franson, J. D. (2003). "Experimental controlled-not logic gate for single photons in the coincidence basis". Phys. Rev. A. 68 (3): 032316. arXiv:quant-ph/0303095. Bibcode:2003PhRvA..68c2316P. doi:10.1103/physreva.68.032316. S2CID 119476903.
  41. O'Brien, J. L.; Pryde, G. J.; White, A. G.; Ralph, T. C.; Branning, D. (2003). "Demonstration of an all-optical quantum controlled-NOT gate". Nature. 426 (6964): 264–267. arXiv:quant-ph/0403062. Bibcode:2003Natur.426..264O. doi:10.1038/nature02054. PMID 14628045. S2CID 9883628.
  42. Schmidt-Kaler, F; Häffner, H; Riebe, M; Gulde, S; Lancaster, G. P. T; Deutschle, T; Becher, C; Roos, C. F; Eschner, J; Blatt, R (March 27, 2003). "Realization of the Cirac-Zoller controlled-NOT quantum gate". Nature. 422 (6930): 408–411. Bibcode:2003Natur.422..408S. doi:10.1038/nature01494. PMID 12660777. S2CID 4401898.
  43. Riebe, M; Häffner, H; Roos, C. F; Hänsel, W; Benhelm, J; Lancaster, G. P. T; Körber, T. W; Becher, C; Schmidt-Kaler, F; James, D. F. V; Blatt, R (June 17, 2004). "Deterministic quantum teleportation with atoms". Nature. 429 (6993): 734–737. Bibcode:2004Natur.429..734R. doi:10.1038/nature02570. PMID 15201903. S2CID 4397716.
  44. Zhao, Z; Chen, Y. A; Zhang, A. N; Yang, T; Briegel, H. J; Pan, J. W (2004). "Experimental demonstration of five-photon entanglement and open-destination teleportation". Nature. 430 (6995): 54–58. arXiv:quant-ph/0402096. Bibcode:2004Natur.430...54Z. doi:10.1038/nature02643. PMID 15229594. S2CID 4336020.
  45. Dumé, Belle (November 22, 2005). "Breakthrough for quantum measurement". PhysicsWeb. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
  46. Häffner, H; Hänsel, W; Roos, C. F; Benhelm, J; Chek-Al-Kar, D; Chwalla, M; Körber, T; Rapol, U. D; Riebe, M; Schmidt, P. O; Becher, C; Gühne, O; Dür, W; Blatt, R (December 1, 2005). "Scalable multiparticle entanglement of trapped ions". Nature. 438 (7068): 643–646. arXiv:quant-ph/0603217. Bibcode:2005Natur.438..643H. doi:10.1038/nature04279. PMID 16319886. S2CID 4411480.
  47. January 4, 2006 University of Oxford "Bang-bang: a step closer to quantum supercomputers". Archived from the original on August 30, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2007.
  48. Dowling, Jonathan P. (2006). "To Compute or Not to Compute?". Nature. 439 (7079): 919–920. Bibcode:2006Natur.439..919D. doi:10.1038/439919a. PMID 16495978. S2CID 4327844.
  49. Dumé, Belle (February 23, 2007). "Entanglement heats up". Physics World. Archived from the original on October 19, 2007.
  50. February 16, 2006 University of York "Captain Kirk's clone and the eavesdropper" (Press release). Archived from the original on February 7, 2007. Retrieved December 29, 2007.
  51. "Soft Machines – Some personal views on nanotechnology, science and science policy from Richard Jones". June 23, 2023. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
  52. June 8, 2010 New Scientist Tom Simonite. "Error-check breakthrough in quantum computing". Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  53. May 8, 2006 ScienceDaily "12-qubits Reached In Quantum Information Quest". Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  54. July 7, 2010 New Scientist Tom Simonite. "Flat 'ion trap' holds quantum computing promise". Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  55. July 12, 2006 PhysOrg.com Luerweg, Frank. "Quantum Computer: Laser tweezers sort atoms". Archived from the original on December 15, 2007. Retrieved December 29, 2007.
  56. August 16, 2006 New Scientist "'Electron-spin' trick boosts quantum computing". Archived from the original on November 22, 2006. Retrieved December 29, 2007.
  57. August 16, 2006 NewswireToday Michael Berger. "Quantum Dot Molecules – One Step Further Towards Quantum Computing". Retrieved December 29, 2007.
  58. September 7, 2006 PhysOrg.com "Spinning new theory on particle spin brings science closer to quantum computing". Archived from the original on January 17, 2008. Retrieved December 29, 2007.
  59. October 4, 2006 New Scientist Merali, Zeeya (2006). "Spooky steps to a quantum network". New Scientist. 192 (2572): 12. doi:10.1016/s0262-4079(06)60639-8. Retrieved December 29, 2007.
  60. October 24, 2006 PhysOrg.com Lisa Zyga. "Scientists present method for entangling macroscopic objects". Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved December 29, 2007.
  61. November 2, 2006 University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign James E. Kloeppel. "Quantum coherence possible in incommensurate electronic systems". Retrieved August 19, 2010.
  62. November 19, 2006 PhysOrg.com "A Quantum (Computer) Step: Study Shows It's Feasible to Read Data Stored as Nuclear 'Spins'". Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved December 29, 2007.
  63. January 8, 2007 New Scientist Jeff Hecht. "Nanoscopic 'coaxial cable' transmits light". Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  64. February 21, 2007 The Engineer "Toshiba unveils quantum security". Archived from the original on March 4, 2007. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  65. Lu, Chao-Yang; Zhou, Xiao-Qi; Gühne, Otfried; Gao, Wei-Bo; Zhang, Jin; Yuan, Zhen-Sheng; Goebel, Alexander; Yang, Tao; Pan, Jian-Wei (2007). "Experimental entanglement of six photons in graph states". Nature Physics. 3 (2): 91–95. arXiv:quant-ph/0609130. Bibcode:2007NatPh...3...91L. doi:10.1038/nphys507. S2CID 16319327.
  66. V. Danos; E. Kashefi; P. Panangaden (2007). "The measurement calculus". Journal of the ACM. 54 (2): 8. arXiv:0704.1263. doi:10.1145/1219092.1219096. S2CID 5851623.
  67. April 18, 2007 PhysOrg.com Miranda Marquit. "First use of Deutsch's Algorithm in a cluster state quantum computer". Archived from the original on January 17, 2008. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  68. March 15, 2007 New Scientist Zeeya Merali. "The universe is a string-net liquid". Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  69. March 12, 2007 Max Planck Society "A Single-Photon Server with Just One Atom" (Press release). Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  70. April 19, 2007 Electronics Weekly Steve Bush. "Cambridge team closer to working quantum computer". Archived from the original on May 15, 2012. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  71. May 7, 2007 Wired Cyrus Farivar (May 7, 2007). "It's the "Wiring" That's Tricky in Quantum Computing". Wired. Archived from the original on July 6, 2008. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  72. May 8, 2007 Media-Newswire.com "NEC, JST, and RIKEN Successfully Demonstrate World's First Controllably Coupled Qubits" (Press release). Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  73. May 16, 2007 Scientific American JR Minkel. "Spintronics Breaks the Silicon Barrier". Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  74. May 22, 2007 PhysOrg.com Lisa Zyga. "Scientists demonstrate quantum state exchange between light and matter". Archived from the original on March 7, 2008. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  75. June 1, 2007 Science Dutt, M. V; Childress, L; Jiang, L; Togan, E; Maze, J; Jelezko, F; Zibrov, A. S; Hemmer, P. R; Lukin, M. D (2007). "Quantum Register Based on Individual Electronic and Nuclear Spin Qubits in Diamond". Science. 316 (5829): 1312–6. Bibcode:2007Sci...316.....D. doi:10.1126/science.1139831. PMID 17540898. S2CID 20697722.
  76. June 14, 2007 Nature Plantenberg, J. H.; De Groot, P. C.; Harmans, C. J. P. M.; Mooij, J. E. (2007). "Demonstration of controlled-NOT quantum gates on a pair of superconducting quantum bits". Nature. 447 (7146): 836–839. Bibcode:2007Natur.447..836P. doi:10.1038/nature05896. PMID 17568742. S2CID 3054763.
  77. June 17, 2007 New Scientist Mason Inman. "Atom trap is a step towards a quantum computer". Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  78. "Nanotechnology and Emerging Technologies News from Nanowerk". www.nanowerk.com. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
  79. July 27, 2007 ScienceDaily "Discovery Of 'Hidden' Quantum Order Improves Prospects For Quantum Super Computers". Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  80. July 23, 2007 PhysOrg.com Miranda Marquit. "Indium arsenide may provide clues to quantum information processing". Archived from the original on September 26, 2007. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  81. July 25, 2007 National Institute of Standards and Technology "Thousands of Atoms Swap 'Spins' with Partners in Quantum Square Dance". Archived from the original on December 18, 2007. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  82. August 15, 2007 PhysOrg.com Lisa Zyga. "Ultrafast quantum computer uses optically controlled electrons". Archived from the original on January 2, 2008. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  83. August 15, 2007 Electronics Weekly Steve Bush. "Research points way to qubits on standard chips". Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  84. August 17, 2007 ScienceDaily "Computing Breakthrough Could Elevate Security To Unprecedented Levels". Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  85. August 21, 2007 New Scientist Stephen Battersby. "Blueprints drawn up for quantum computer RAM". Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  86. August 26, 2007 PhysOrg.com "Photon-transistors for the supercomputers of the future". Archived from the original on January 1, 2008. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  87. September 5, 2007 University of Michigan "Physicists establish "spooky" quantum communication". Archived from the original on December 28, 2007. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  88. September 13, 2007 huliq.com "Qubits poised to reveal our secrets". Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  89. September 26, 2007 New Scientist Saswato Das. "Quantum chip rides on superconducting bus". Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  90. September 27, 2007 ScienceDaily "Superconducting Quantum Computing Cable Created". Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  91. October 11, 2007 Electronics Weekly Steve Bush. "Qubit transmission signals quantum computing advance". Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  92. October 8, 2007 TG Daily Rick C. Hodgin. "New material breakthrough brings quantum computers one step closer". Archived from the original on December 12, 2007. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  93. October 19, 2007 Optics.org "Single electron-spin memory with a semiconductor quantum dot". Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  94. November 7, 2007 New Scientist Stephen Battersby. "'Light trap' is a step towards quantum memory". Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  95. November 12, 2007 Nanowerk.com "World's First 28 qubit Quantum Computer Demonstrated Online at Supercomputing 2007 Conference". Archived from the original on August 30, 2018. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  96. December 12, 2007 PhysOrg.com "Desktop device generates and traps rare ultracold molecules". Archived from the original on December 15, 2007. Retrieved December 31, 2007.
  97. December 19, 2007 University of Toronto Kim Luke. "U of T scientists make quantum computing leap Research is step toward building first quantum computers". Archived from the original on December 28, 2007. Retrieved December 31, 2007.
  98. February 18, 2007 www.nature.com (journal) Trauzettel, Björn; Bulaev, Denis V.; Loss, Daniel; Burkard, Guido (2007). "Spin qubits in graphene quantum dots". Nature Physics. 3 (3): 192–196. arXiv:cond-mat/0611252. Bibcode:2007NatPh...3..192T. doi:10.1038/nphys544. S2CID 119431314.
  99. Harrow, Aram W; Hassidim, Avinatan; Lloyd, Seth (2008). "Quantum algorithm for solving linear systems of equations". Physical Review Letters. 103 (15): 150502. arXiv:0811.3171. Bibcode:2009PhRvL.103o0502H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.150502. PMID 19905613. S2CID 5187993.
  100. January 15, 2008 Miranda Marquit. "Graphene quantum dot may solve some quantum computing problems". Archived from the original on January 17, 2008. Retrieved January 16, 2008.
  101. January 25, 2008 EETimes Europe. "Scientists succeed in storing quantum bit". Retrieved February 5, 2008.
  102. February 26, 2008 Lisa Zyga. "Physicists demonstrate qubit-qutrit entanglement". Archived from the original on February 29, 2008. Retrieved February 27, 2008.
  103. February 26, 2008 ScienceDaily. "Analog logic for quantum computing". Retrieved February 27, 2008.
  104. March 5, 2008 Zenaida Gonzalez Kotala. "Future 'quantum computers' will offer increased efficiency... and risks". Retrieved March 5, 2008.
  105. March 6, 2008 Ray Kurzweil. "Entangled memory is a first". Retrieved March 8, 2008.
  106. March 27, 2008 Joann Fryer. "Silicon chips for optical quantum technologies". Retrieved March 29, 2008.
  107. April 7, 2008 Ray Kurzweil. "Qutrit breakthrough brings quantum computers closer". Retrieved April 7, 2008.
  108. April 15, 2008 Kate Greene. "Toward a quantum internet". Retrieved April 16, 2008.
  109. April 24, 2008 Princeton University. "Scientists discover exotic quantum state of matter". Archived from the original on April 30, 2008. Retrieved April 29, 2008.
  110. May 23, 2008 Belle Dumé. "Spin states endure in quantum dot". Archived from the original on May 29, 2008. Retrieved June 3, 2008.
  111. May 27, 2008 Chris Lee. "Molecular magnets in soap bubbles could lead to quantum RAM". Retrieved June 3, 2008.
  112. June 2, 2008 Weizmann Institute of Science. "Scientists find new 'quasiparticles'". Retrieved June 3, 2008.
  113. June 23, 2008 Lisa Zyga. "Physicists Store Images in Vapor". Archived from the original on September 15, 2008. Retrieved June 26, 2008.
  114. June 25, 2008 Physorg.com. "Physicists Produce Quantum-Entangled Images". Archived from the original on August 29, 2008. Retrieved June 26, 2008.
  115. June 26, 2008 Steve Tally. "Quantum computing breakthrough arises from unknown molecule". Archived from the original on February 2, 2019. Retrieved June 28, 2008.
  116. July 17, 2008 Lauren Rugani. "Quantum Leap". Retrieved July 17, 2008.
  117. August 5, 2008 Science Daily. "Breakthrough In Quantum Mechanics: Superconducting Electronic Circuit Pumps Microwave Photons". Retrieved August 6, 2008.
  118. September 3, 2008 Physorg.com. "New probe could aid quantum computing". Archived from the original on September 5, 2008. Retrieved September 6, 2008.
  119. September 25, 2008 ScienceDaily. "Novel Process Promises To Kick-start Quantum Technology Sector". Retrieved October 16, 2008.
  120. September 22, 2008 Jeremy L. O’Brien. "Quantum computing over the rainbow". Retrieved October 16, 2008.
  121. October 20, 2008 Science Blog. "Relationships Between Quantum Dots – Stability and Reproduction". Archived from the original on October 22, 2008. Retrieved October 20, 2008.
  122. October 22, 2008 Steven Schultz. "Memoirs of a qubit: Hybrid memory solves key problem for quantum computing". Retrieved October 23, 2008.
  123. October 23, 2008 National Science Foundation. "World's Smallest Storage Space ... the Nucleus of an Atom". Retrieved October 27, 2008.
  124. November 20, 2008 Dan Stober. "Stanford: Quantum computing spins closer". Retrieved November 22, 2008.
  125. December 5, 2008 Miranda Marquit. "Quantum computing: Entanglement may not be necessary". Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved December 9, 2008.
  126. December 19, 2008 Next Big Future. "Dwave System's 128 qubit chip has been made". Archived from the original on December 23, 2008. Retrieved December 20, 2008.
  127. April 7, 2009 Next Big Future. "Three Times Higher Carbon 12 Purity for Synthetic Diamond Enables Better Quantum Computing". Archived from the original on April 11, 2009. Retrieved May 19, 2009.
  128. April 23, 2009 Kate Greene. "Extending the Life of Quantum Bits". Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  129. May 29, 2009 physorg.com. "Researchers make breakthrough in the quantum control of light". Archived from the original on January 31, 2013. Retrieved May 30, 2009.
  130. June 3, 2009 physorg.com. "Physicists demonstrate quantum entanglement in mechanical system". Archived from the original on January 31, 2013. Retrieved June 13, 2009.
  131. June 24, 2009 Nicole Casal Moore. "Lasers can lengthen quantum bit memory by 1,000 times". Retrieved June 27, 2009.
  132. June 29, 2009 www.sciencedaily.com. "First Electronic Quantum Processor Created". Retrieved June 29, 2009.
  133. Lu, C. Y; Gao, W. B; Gühne, O; Zhou, X. Q; Chen, Z. B; Pan, J. W (2009). "Demonstrating Anyonic Fractional Statistics with a Six-Qubit Quantum Simulator". Physical Review Letters. 102 (3): 030502. arXiv:0710.0278. Bibcode:2009PhRvL.102c0502L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.030502. PMID 19257336. S2CID 11788852.
  134. July 6, 2009 Dario Borghino. "Quantum computer closer: Optical transistor made from single molecule". Retrieved July 8, 2009.
  135. July 8, 2009 R. Colin Johnson. "NIST advances quantum computing". Retrieved July 9, 2009.
  136. August 7, 2009 Kate Greene. "Scaling Up a Quantum Computer". Retrieved August 8, 2009.
  137. August 11, 2009 Devitt, S. J; Fowler, A. G; Stephens, A. M; Greentree, A. D; Hollenberg, L. C. L; Munro, W. J; Nemoto, K (2009). "Architectural design for a topological cluster state quantum computer". New J. Phys. 11 (83032): 1221. arXiv:0808.1782. Bibcode:2009NJPh...11h3032D. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/11/8/083032. S2CID 56195929.
  138. September 4, 2009 Home, J. P; Hanneke, D; Jost, J. D; Amini, J. M; Leibfried, D; Wineland, D. J (2009). "Complete Methods Set for Scalable Ion Trap Quantum Information Processing". Science. 325 (5945): 1227–30. arXiv:0907.1865. Bibcode:2009Sci...325.1227H. doi:10.1126/science.1177077. PMID 19661380. S2CID 24468918.
  139. Politi, A; Matthews, J. C; O'Brien, J. L (2009). "Shor's Quantum Factoring Algorithm on a Photonic Chip". Science. 325 (5945): 1221. arXiv:0911.1242. Bibcode:2009Sci...325.1221P. doi:10.1126/science.1173731. PMID 19729649. S2CID 17259222.
  140. Wesenberg, J. H; Ardavan, A; Briggs, G. A. D; Morton, J. J. L; Schoelkopf, R. J; Schuster, D. I; Mølmer, K (2009). "Quantum Computing with an Electron Spin Ensemble". Physical Review Letters. 103 (7): 070502. arXiv:0903.3506. Bibcode:2009PhRvL.103g0502W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.070502. PMID 19792625. S2CID 6990125.
  141. September 25, 2009 Colin Barras. "Photon 'machine gun' could power quantum computers". Retrieved September 26, 2009.
  142. November 15, 2009 New Scientist. "First universal programmable quantum computer unveiled". Retrieved November 16, 2009.
  143. November 20, 2009 ScienceBlog. "UCSB physicists move 1 step closer to quantum computing". Archived from the original on November 23, 2009. Retrieved November 23, 2009.
  144. December 11, 2009 Jeremy Hsu. "Google Demonstrates Quantum Algorithm Promising Superfast Search". Retrieved December 14, 2009.
  145. Harris, R; Brito, F; Berkley, A J; Johansson, J; Johnson, M W; Lanting, T; Bunyk, P; Ladizinsky, E; Bumble, B; Fung, A; Kaul, A; Kleinsasser, A; Han, S (2009). "Synchronization of multiple coupled rf-SQUID flux qubits". New Journal of Physics. 11 (12): 123022. arXiv:0903.1884. Bibcode:2009NJPh...11l3022H. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/11/12/123022. S2CID 54065717.
  146. Monz, T; Kim, K; Villar, A. S; Schindler, P; Chwalla, M; Riebe, M; Roos, C. F; Häffner, H; Hänsel, W; Hennrich, M; Blatt, R (2009). "Realization of Universal Ion Trap Quantum Computation with Decoherence Free Qubits". Physical Review Letters. 103 (20): 200503. arXiv:0909.3715. Bibcode:2009PhRvL.103t0503M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.200503. PMID 20365970. S2CID 7632319.
  147. "A decade of Physics World breakthroughs: 2009 – the first quantum computer". November 29, 2019.
  148. January 20, 2010 arXiv blog. "Making Light of Ion Traps". Retrieved January 21, 2010.
  149. January 28, 2010 Charles Petit (January 28, 2010). "Quantum Computer Simulates Hydrogen Molecule Just Right". Wired. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
  150. February 4, 2010 Larry Hardesty. "First germanium laser brings us closer to 'optical computers'". Archived from the original on December 24, 2011. Retrieved February 4, 2010.
  151. February 6, 2010 Science Daily. "Quantum Computing Leap Forward: Altering a Lone Electron Without Disturbing Its Neighbors". Retrieved February 6, 2010.
  152. March 18, 2010 Jason Palmer (March 17, 2010). "Team's quantum object is biggest by factor of billions". BBC News. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  153. University of Cambridge. "Cambridge discovery could pave the way for quantum computing". Retrieved March 18, 2010.
  154. April 1, 2010 ScienceDaily. "Racetrack Ion Trap Is a Contender in Quantum Computing Quest". Retrieved April 3, 2010.
  155. April 21, 2010 Rice University (April 21, 2010). "Bizarre matter could find use in quantum computers". Retrieved August 29, 2018.
  156. May 27, 2010 E. Vetsch; et al. "German physicists develop a quantum interface between light and atoms". Archived from the original on December 19, 2011. Retrieved April 22, 2010.
  157. June 3, 2010 Isabelle Dumé (June 5, 2010). "Entangling photons with electricity". Physics World. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
  158. August 29, 2010 Munro, W. J; Harrison, K. A; Stephens, A. M; Devitt, S. J; Nemoto, K (2010). "From quantum multiplexing to high-performance quantum networking". Nature Photonics. 4 (11): 792–796. arXiv:0910.4038. Bibcode:2010NaPho...4..792M. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2010.213. S2CID 119243884.
  159. September 17, 2010 Kurzweil accelerating intelligence. "Two-photon optical chip enables more complex quantum computing". Retrieved September 17, 2010.
  160. "Toward a Useful Quantum Computer: Researchers Design and test Microfabricated Planar Ion Traps". ScienceDaily. May 28, 2010. Retrieved September 20, 2010.
  161. "Quantum Future: Designing and Testing Microfabricated Planar Ion Traps". Georgia Tech Research Institute. Retrieved September 20, 2010.
  162. Aaronson, Scott; Arkhipov, Alex (2011). "The Computational Complexity of Linear Optics". Proceedings of the 43rd annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing - STOC '11. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press. pp. 333–342. arXiv:1011.3245. doi:10.1145/1993636.1993682. ISBN 978-1-4503-0691-1.
  163. December 23, 2010 TU Delft. "TU scientists in Nature: Better control of building blocks for quantum computer". Archived from the original on December 24, 2010. Retrieved December 26, 2010.
  164. Simmons, Stephanie; Brown, Richard M; Riemann, Helge; Abrosimov, Nikolai V; Becker, Peter; Pohl, Hans-Joachim; Thewalt, Mike L. W; Itoh, Kohei M; Morton, John J. L (2011). "Entanglement in a solid-state spin ensemble". Nature. 470 (7332): 69–72. arXiv:1010.0107. Bibcode:2011Natur.470...69S. doi:10.1038/nature09696. PMID 21248751. S2CID 4322097.
  165. February 14, 2011 UC Santa Barbara Office of Public Affairs. "International Team of Scientists Says It's High 'Noon' for Microwave Photons". Retrieved February 16, 2011.
  166. February 24, 2011 Kurzweil Accelerating Intelligence. "'Quantum antennas' enable exchange of quantum information between two memory cells". Retrieved February 24, 2011.
  167. Peruzzo, Alberto; Laing, Anthony; Politi, Alberto; Rudolph, Terry; O'Brien, Jeremy L (2011). "Multimode quantum interference of photons in multiport integrated devices". Nature Communications. 2: 224. arXiv:1007.1372. Bibcode:2011NatCo...2..224P. doi:10.1038/ncomms1228. PMC 3072100. PMID 21364563.
  168. March 7, 2011 KFC. "New Magnetic Resonance Technique Could Revolutionise Quantum Computing". Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  169. March 17, 2011 Christof Weitenberg; Manuel Endres; Jacob F. Sherson; Marc Cheneau; Peter Schauß; Takeshi Fukuhara; Immanuel Bloch & Stefan Kuhr. "A Quantum Pen for Single Atoms". Archived from the original on March 18, 2011. Retrieved March 19, 2011.
  170. March 21, 2011 Cordisnews. "German research brings us one step closer to quantum computing". Archived from the original on October 11, 2012. Retrieved March 22, 2011.
  171. Monz, T; Schindler, P; Barreiro, J. T; Chwalla, M; Nigg, D; Coish, W. A; Harlander, M; Hänsel, W; Hennrich, M; Blatt, R (2011). "14-Qubit Entanglement: Creation and Coherence". Physical Review Letters. 106 (13): 130506. arXiv:1009.6126. Bibcode:2011PhRvL.106m0506M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.130506. PMID 21517367. S2CID 8155660.
  172. May 12, 2011 Physicsworld.com. "Quantum-computing firm opens the box". Archived from the original on May 15, 2011. Retrieved May 17, 2011.
  173. Physorg.com (May 26, 2011). "Repetitive error correction demonstrated in a quantum processor". physorg.com. Archived from the original on January 7, 2012. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  174. June 27, 2011 UC Santa Barbara. "International Team Demonstrates Subatomic Quantum Memory in Diamond". Retrieved June 29, 2011.
  175. July 15, 2011 Nanowerk News. "Quantum computing breakthrough in the creation of massive numbers of entangled qubits". Retrieved July 18, 2011.
  176. July 20, 2011 Nanowerk News. "Scientists take the next major step toward quantum computing". Retrieved July 20, 2011.
  177. August 2, 2011 nanowerk. "Dramatic simplification paves the way for building a quantum computer". Retrieved August 3, 2011.
  178. Ospelkaus, C; Warring, U; Colombe, Y; Brown, K. R; Amini, J. M; Leibfried, D; Wineland, D. J (2011). "Microwave quantum logic gates for trapped ions". Nature. 476 (7359): 181–184. arXiv:1104.3573. Bibcode:2011Natur.476..181O. doi:10.1038/nature10290. PMID 21833084. S2CID 2902510.
  179. August 30, 2011 Laura Ost. "NIST Achieves Record-Low Error Rate for Quantum Information Processing with One Qubit". Retrieved September 3, 2011.
  180. September 1, 2011 Mariantoni, M; Wang, H; Yamamoto, T; Neeley, M; Bialczak, R. C; Chen, Y; Lenander, M; Lucero, E; O'Connell, A. D; Sank, D; Weides, M; Wenner, J; Yin, Y; Zhao, J; Korotkov, A. N; Cleland, A. N; Martinis, J. M (2011). "Implementing the Quantum von Neumann Architecture with Superconducting Circuits". Science. 334 (6052): 61–65. arXiv:1109.3743. Bibcode:2011Sci...334...61M. doi:10.1126/science.1208517. PMID 21885732. S2CID 11483576.
  181. Jablonski, Chris (October 4, 2011). "One step closer to quantum computers". ZDnet. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
  182. December 2, 2011 Clara Moskowitz; Ian Walmsley; Michael Sprague. "Two Diamonds Linked by Strange Quantum Entanglement". Retrieved December 2, 2011.
  183. Bian, Z; Chudak, F; MacReady, W. G; Clark, L; Gaitan, F (2013). "Experimental determination of Ramsey numbers with quantum annealing". Physical Review Letters. 111 (13): 130505. arXiv:1201.1842. Bibcode:2013PhRvL.111m0505B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.130505. PMID 24116761. S2CID 1303361.
  184. Fuechsle, M; Miwa, J. A; Mahapatra, S; Ryu, H; Lee, S; Warschkow, O; Hollenberg, L. C; Klimeck, G; Simmons, M. Y (February 19, 2012). "A single-atom transistor". Nature Nanotechnology. 7 (4): 242–246. Bibcode:2012NatNa...7..242F. doi:10.1038/nnano.2012.21. PMID 22343383. S2CID 14952278.
  185. John Markoff (February 19, 2012). "Physicists Create a Working Transistor From a Single Atom". The New York Times. Retrieved February 19, 2012.
  186. Grotz, Bernhard; Hauf, Moritz V; Dankerl, Markus; Naydenov, Boris; Pezzagna, Sébastien; Meijer, Jan; Jelezko, Fedor; Wrachtrup, Jörg; Stutzmann, Martin; Reinhard, Friedemann; Garrido, Jose A (2012). "Charge state manipulation of qubits in diamond". Nature Communications. 3: 729. Bibcode:2012NatCo...3..729G. doi:10.1038/ncomms1729. PMC 3316888. PMID 22395620.
  187. Britton, J. W; Sawyer, B. C; Keith, A. C; Wang, C. C; Freericks, J. K; Uys, H; Biercuk, M. J; Bollinger, J. J (April 26, 2012). "Engineered two-dimensional Ising interactions in a trapped-ion quantum simulator with hundreds of spins". Nature. 484 (7395): 489–492. arXiv:1204.5789. Bibcode:2012Natur.484..489B. doi:10.1038/nature10981. PMID 22538611. S2CID 4370334.
  188. Lucy Sherriff. "300 atom quantum simulator smashes qubit record". Retrieved February 9, 2015.
  189. Yao, Xing-Can; Wang, Tian-Xiong; Chen, Hao-Ze; Gao, Wei-Bo; Fowler, Austin G; Raussendorf, Robert; Chen, Zeng-Bing; Liu, Nai-Le; Lu, Chao-Yang; Deng, You-Jin; Chen, Yu-Ao; Pan, Jian-Wei (2012). "Experimental demonstration of topological error correction". Nature. 482 (7386): 489–494. arXiv:0905.1542. Bibcode:2012Natur.482..489Y. doi:10.1038/nature10770. PMID 22358838. S2CID 4307662.
  190. 1QBit. "1QBit Website".{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  191. October 14, 2012 Munro, W. J; Stephens, A. M; Devitt, S. J; Harrison, K. A; Nemoto, K (2012). "Quantum communication without the necessity of quantum memories". Nature Photonics. 6 (11): 777–781. arXiv:1306.4137. Bibcode:2012NaPho...6..777M. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.243. S2CID 5056130.
  192. Maurer, P. C; Kucsko, G; Latta, C; Jiang, L; Yao, N. Y; Bennett, S. D; Pastawski, F; Hunger, D; Chisholm, N; Markham, M; Twitchen, D. J; Cirac, J. I; Lukin, M. D (June 8, 2012). "Room-Temperature Quantum Bit Memory Exceeding One Second". Science (Submitted manuscript). 336 (6086): 1283–1286. Bibcode:2012Sci...336.1283M. doi:10.1126/science.1220513. PMID 22679092. S2CID 2684102.
  193. Peckham, Matt (July 6, 2012). "Quantum Computing at Room Temperature - Now a Reality". Magazine/Periodical. Time Magazine (Techland) Time Inc. p. 1. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
  194. Koh, Dax Enshan; Hall, Michael J. W; Setiawan; Pope, James E; Marletto, Chiara; Kay, Alastair; Scarani, Valerio; Ekert, Artur (2012). "Effects of Reduced Measurement Independence on Bell-Based Randomness Expansion". Physical Review Letters. 109 (16): 160404. arXiv:1202.3571. Bibcode:2012PhRvL.109p0404K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.160404. PMID 23350071. S2CID 18935137.
  195. December 7, 2012 Horsman, C; Fowler, A. G; Devitt, S. J; Van Meter, R (2012). "Surface code quantum computing by lattice surgery". New J. Phys. 14 (12): 123011. arXiv:1111.4022. Bibcode:2012NJPh...14l3011H. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/14/12/123011. S2CID 119212756.
  196. Kastrenakes, Jacob (November 14, 2013). "Researchers smash through quantum computer storage record". Webzine. The Verge. Retrieved November 20, 2013.
  197. "Quantum Computer Breakthrough 2013". November 24, 2013. Archived from the original on October 2, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  198. October 10, 2013 Devitt, S. J; Stephens, A. M; Munro, W. J; Nemoto, K (2013). "Requirements for fault-tolerant factoring on an atom-optics quantum computer". Nature Communications. 4: 2524. arXiv:1212.4934. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.2524D. doi:10.1038/ncomms3524. PMID 24088785. S2CID 7229103.
  199. "Penetrating Hard Targets project". Archived from the original on August 30, 2017. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
  200. "NSA seeks to develop quantum computer to crack nearly every kind of encryption « Kurzweil".
  201. NSA seeks to build quantum computer that could crack most types of encryption Washington Post
  202. Dockterman, Eliana (January 2, 2014). "The NSA Is Building a Computer to Crack Almost Any Code". Time via nation.time.com.
  203. August 4, 2014 Nemoto, K.; Trupke, M.; Devitt, S. J; Stephens, A. M; Scharfenberger, B; Buczak, K; Nobauer, T; Everitt, M. S; Schmiedmayer, J; Munro, W. J (2014). "Photonic architecture for scalable quantum information processing in diamond". Physical Review X. 4 (3): 031022. arXiv:1309.4277. Bibcode:2014PhRvX...4c1022N. doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.4.031022. S2CID 118418371.
  204. Nigg, D; Müller, M; Martinez, M. A; Schindler, P; Hennrich, M; Monz, T; Martin-Delgado, M. A; Blatt, R (July 18, 2014). "Quantum computations on a topologically encoded qubit". Science. 345 (6194): 302–305. arXiv:1403.5426. Bibcode:2014Sci...345..302N. doi:10.1126/science.1253742. PMID 24925911. S2CID 9677048.
  205. Markoff, John (May 29, 2014). "Scientists Report Finding Reliable Way to Teleport Data". The New York Times. Retrieved May 29, 2014.
  206. Pfaff, W; Hensen, B. J; Bernien, H; Van Dam, S. B; Blok, M. S; Taminiau, T. H; Tiggelman, M. J; Schouten, R. N; Markham, M; Twitchen, D. J; Hanson, R (May 29, 2014). "Unconditional quantum teleportation between distant solid-state quantum bits". Science. 345 (6196): 532–535. arXiv:1404.4369. Bibcode:2014Sci...345..532P. doi:10.1126/science.1253512. PMID 25082696. S2CID 2190249.
  207. Zhong, Manjin; Hedges, Morgan P; Ahlefeldt, Rose L; Bartholomew, John G; Beavan, Sarah E; Wittig, Sven M; Longdell, Jevon J; Sellars, Matthew J (2015). "Optically addressable nuclear spins in a solid with a six-hour coherence time". Nature. 517 (7533): 177–180. Bibcode:2015Natur.517..177Z. doi:10.1038/nature14025. PMID 25567283. S2CID 205241727.
  208. April 13, 2015 "Breakthrough opens door to affordable quantum computers". Retrieved April 16, 2015.
  209. Córcoles, A.D; Magesan, Easwar; Srinivasan, Srikanth J; Cross, Andrew W; Steffen, M; Gambetta, Jay M; Chow, Jerry M (2015). "Demonstration of a quantum error detection code using a square lattice of four superconducting qubits". Nature Communications. 6: 6979. arXiv:1410.6419. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.6979C. doi:10.1038/ncomms7979. PMC 4421819. PMID 25923200.
  210. June 22, 2015 "D-Wave Systems Inc., the world's first quantum computing company, today announced that it has broken the 1000 qubit barrier". Archived from the original on January 15, 2018. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
  211. October 6, 2015 "Crucial hurdle overcome in quantum computing". Retrieved October 6, 2015.
  212. Monz, T; Nigg, D; Martinez, E. A; Brandl, M. F; Schindler, P; Rines, R; Wang, S. X; Chuang, I. L; Blatt, R; et al. (March 4, 2016). "Realization of a scalable Shor algorithm". Science. 351 (6277): 1068–1070. arXiv:1507.08852. Bibcode:2016Sci...351.1068M. doi:10.1126/science.aad9480. PMID 26941315. S2CID 17426142.
  213. September 29, 2016 Devitt, S. J (2016). "Performing quantum computing experiments in the cloud". Physical Review A. 94 (3): 032329. arXiv:1605.05709. Bibcode:2016PhRvA..94c2329D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.94.032329. S2CID 119217150.
  214. Alsina, D; Latorre, J. I (2016). "Experimental test of Mermin inequalities on a five-qubit quantum computer". Physical Review A. 94 (1): 012314. arXiv:1605.04220. Bibcode:2016PhRvA..94a2314A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.94.012314. S2CID 119189277.
  215. Sabry, Fouad (October 10, 2017). Quantum Radar: Holding the promise of detecting stealth weapons, and bring on the next next chapter between defense and offense in warfare. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
  216. o'Malley, P. J. J; Babbush, R; Kivlichan, I. D; Romero, J; McClean, J. R; Barends, R; Kelly, J; Roushan, P; Tranter, A; Ding, N; Campbell, B; Chen, Y; Chen, Z; Chiaro, B; Dunsworth, A; Fowler, A. G; Jeffrey, E; Lucero, E; Megrant, A; Mutus, J. Y; Neeley, M; Neill, C; Quintana, C; Sank, D; Vainsencher, A; Wenner, J; White, T. C; Coveney, P. V; Love, P. J; Neven, H; et al. (July 18, 2016). "Scalable Quantum Simulation of Molecular Energies". Physical Review X. 6 (3): 031007. arXiv:1512.06860. Bibcode:2016PhRvX...6c1007O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.6.031007. S2CID 4884151.
  217. November 2, 2016 Devitt, S. J; Greentree, A. D; Stephens, A. M; Van Meter, R (2016). "High-speed quantum networking by ship". Scientific Reports. 6: 36163. arXiv:1605.05709. Bibcode:2016NatSR...636163D. doi:10.1038/srep36163. PMC 5090252. PMID 27805001.
  218. "D-Wave Announces D-Wave 2000Q Quantum Computer and First System Order | D-Wave Systems". www.dwavesys.com. Archived from the original on January 27, 2017. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  219. Lekitsch, B; Weidt, S; Fowler, A. G; Mølmer, K; Devitt, S. J; Wunderlich, C; Hensinger, W. K (February 1, 2017). "Blueprint for a microwave trapped ion quantum computer". Science Advances. 3 (2): e1601540. arXiv:1508.00420. Bibcode:2017SciA....3E1540L. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1601540. PMC 5287699. PMID 28164154.
  220. Meredith Rutland Bauer (May 17, 2017). "IBM Just Made a 17 Qubit Quantum Processor, Its Most Powerful One Yet". Motherboard.
  221. "Qudits: The Real Future of Quantum Computing?". IEEE Spectrum. June 28, 2017. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
  222. "Microsoft makes play for next wave of computing with quantum computing toolkit". arstechnica.com. September 25, 2017. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
  223. "IBM Raises the Bar with a 50-Qubit Quantum Computer". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
  224. Ren, Ji-Gang; Xu, Ping; Yong, Hai-Lin; Zhang, Liang; Liao, Sheng-Kai; Yin, Juan; Liu, Wei-Yue; Cai, Wen-Qi; Yang, Meng; Li, Li; Yang, Kui-Xing (August 9, 2017). "Ground-to-satellite quantum teleportation". Nature. 549 (7670): 70–73. arXiv:1707.00934. Bibcode:2017Natur.549...70R. doi:10.1038/nature23675. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 28825708. S2CID 4468803.
  225. Hignett, Katherine (February 16, 2018). "Physics Creates New Form Of Light That Could Drive The Quantum Computing Revolution". Newsweek. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
  226. Liang, Q. Y; Venkatramani, A. V; Cantu, S. H; Nicholson, T. L; Gullans, M. J; Gorshkov, A. V; Thompson, J. D; Chin, C; Lukin, M. D; Vuletić, V (February 16, 2018). "Observation of three-photon bound states in a quantum nonlinear medium". Science. 359 (6377): 783–786. arXiv:1709.01478. Bibcode:2018Sci...359..783L. doi:10.1126/science.aao7293. PMC 6467536. PMID 29449489.
  227. "Scientists make major quantum computing breakthrough". Independent.co.uk. March 2018. Archived from the original on May 7, 2022.
  228. Giles, Martin (February 15, 2018). "Old-fashioned silicon might be the key to building ubiquitous quantum computers". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
  229. Emily Conover (March 5, 2018). "Google moves toward quantum supremacy with 72-qubit computer". Science News. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
  230. Forrest, Conner (June 12, 2018). "Why Intel's smallest spin qubit chip could be a turning point in quantum computing". TechRepublic. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
  231. Hsu, Jeremy (January 9, 2018). "CES 2018: Intel's 49-Qubit Chip Shoots for Quantum Supremacy". Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
  232. Nagata, K; Kuramitani, K; Sekiguchi, Y; Kosaka, H (August 13, 2018). "Universal holonomic quantum gates over geometric spin qubits with polarised microwaves". Nature Communications. 9 (3227): 3227. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.3227N. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05664-w. PMC 6089953. PMID 30104616.
  233. Lenzini, Francesco (December 7, 2018). "Integrated photonic platform for quantum information with continuous variables". Science Advances. 4 (12): eaat9331. arXiv:1804.07435. Bibcode:2018SciA....4.9331L. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat9331. PMC 6286167. PMID 30539143.
  234. "Ion-based commercial quantum computer is a first". Physics World. December 17, 2018.
  235. "IonQ".
  236. 115th Congress (2018) (June 26, 2018). "H.R. 6227 (115th)". Legislation. GovTrack.us. Retrieved February 11, 2019. National Quantum Initiative Act{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  237. "President Trump has signed a $1.2 billon law to boost US quantum tech". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
  238. "US National Quantum Initiative Act passed unanimously". The Stack. December 18, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
  239. Aron, Jacob (January 8, 2019). "IBM unveils its first commercial quantum computer". New Scientist. Retrieved January 8, 2019.
  240. "IBM unveils its first commercial quantum computer". TechCrunch. January 8, 2019. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
  241. Kokail, C; Maier, C; Van Bijnen, R; Brydges, T; Joshi, M. K; Jurcevic, P; Muschik, C. A; Silvi, P; Blatt, R; Roos, C; Zoller, P (May 15, 2019). "Self-verifying variational quantum simulation of lattice models". Science. 569 (7756): 355–360. arXiv:1810.03421. Bibcode:2019Natur.569..355K. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1177-4. PMID 31092942. S2CID 53595106.
  242. UNSW Media (May 23, 2019). "'Noise-cancelling headphones' for quantum computers: international collaboration launched". UNSW Newsroom. University of New South Wales. Retrieved April 16, 2022.
  243. "Cancelling quantum noise". May 23, 2019.
  244. Unden, T.; Louzon, D.; Zwolak, M.; Zurek, W. H.; Jelezko, F. (October 1, 2019). "Revealing the Emergence of Classicality Using Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers". Physical Review Letters. 123 (140402): 140402. arXiv:1809.10456. Bibcode:2019PhRvL.123n0402U. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.140402. PMC 7003699. PMID 31702205.
  245. Cho, A. (September 13, 2019). "Quantum Darwinism seen in diamond traps". Science. 365 (6458): 1070. Bibcode:2019Sci...365.1070C. doi:10.1126/science.365.6458.1070. PMID 31515367. S2CID 202567042.
  246. "Google may have taken a step towards quantum computing 'supremacy' (updated)". Engadget. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
  247. Porter, Jon (September 23, 2019). "Google may have just ushered in an era of 'quantum supremacy'". The Verge. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
  248. Murgia, Waters, Madhumita, Richard (September 20, 2019). "Google claims to have reached quantum supremacy". Financial Times. Archived from the original on December 10, 2022. Retrieved September 24, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  249. Garisto, Daniel. "Quantum Computer Made from Photons Achieves a New Record". Scientific American. Retrieved June 30, 2021.
  250. "Hot qubits made in Sydney break one of the biggest constraints to practical quantum computers". April 16, 2020.
  251. "Engineers crack 58-year-old puzzle on way to quantum breakthrough". March 12, 2020.
  252. "Wiring the quantum computer of the future: A novel simple build with existing technology".
  253. "Quantum researchers able to split one photon into three". phys.org. Retrieved March 9, 2020.
  254. Chang, C. W. Sandbo; Sabín, Carlos; Forn-Díaz, P.; Quijandría, Fernando; Vadiraj, A. M.; Nsanzineza, I.; Johansson, G.; Wilson, C. M. (January 16, 2020). "Observation of Three-Photon Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion in a Superconducting Parametric Cavity". Physical Review X. 10 (1): 011011. arXiv:1907.08692. Bibcode:2020PhRvX..10a1011C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.10.011011.
  255. "Artificial atoms create stable qubits for quantum computing". phys.org. Retrieved March 9, 2020.
  256. Leon, R. C. C.; Yang, C. H.; Hwang, J. C. C.; Lemyre, J. Camirand; Tanttu, T.; Huang, W.; Chan, K. W.; Tan, K. Y.; Hudson, F. E.; Itoh, K. M.; Morello, A.; Laucht, A.; Pioro-Ladrière, M.; Saraiva, A.; Dzurak, A. S. (February 11, 2020). "Coherent spin control of s-, p-, d- and f-electrons in a silicon quantum dot". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 797. arXiv:1902.01550. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11..797L. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-14053-w. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7012832. PMID 32047151.
  257. "Producing single photons from a stream of single electrons". phys.org. Retrieved March 8, 2020.
  258. Hsiao, Tzu-Kan; Rubino, Antonio; Chung, Yousun; Son, Seok-Kyun; Hou, Hangtian; Pedrós, Jorge; Nasir, Ateeq; Éthier-Majcher, Gabriel; Stanley, Megan J.; Phillips, Richard T.; Mitchell, Thomas A.; Griffiths, Jonathan P.; Farrer, Ian; Ritchie, David A.; Ford, Christopher J. B. (February 14, 2020). "Single-photon emission from single-electron transport in a SAW-driven lateral light-emitting diode". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 917. arXiv:1901.03464. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11..917H. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14560-1. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7021712. PMID 32060278.
  259. "Scientists 'film' a quantum measurement". phys.org. Retrieved March 9, 2020.
  260. Pokorny, Fabian; Zhang, Chi; Higgins, Gerard; Cabello, Adán; Kleinmann, Matthias; Hennrich, Markus (February 25, 2020). "Tracking the Dynamics of an Ideal Quantum Measurement". Physical Review Letters. 124 (8): 080401. arXiv:1903.10398. Bibcode:2020PhRvL.124h0401P. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.080401. PMID 32167322. S2CID 85501331.
  261. "Scientists measure electron spin qubit without demolishing it". phys.org. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  262. Yoneda, J.; Takeda, K.; Noiri, A.; Nakajima, T.; Li, S.; Kamioka, J.; Kodera, T.; Tarucha, S. (March 2, 2020). "Quantum non-demolition readout of an electron spin in silicon". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 1144. arXiv:1910.11963. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.1144Y. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14818-8. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7052195. PMID 32123167.
  263. "Engineers crack 58-year-old puzzle on way to quantum breakthrough". phys.org. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  264. Asaad, Serwan; Mourik, Vincent; Joecker, Benjamin; Johnson, Mark A. I.; Baczewski, Andrew D.; Firgau, Hannes R.; Mądzik, Mateusz T.; Schmitt, Vivien; Pla, Jarryd J.; Hudson, Fay E.; Itoh, Kohei M.; McCallum, Jeffrey C.; Dzurak, Andrew S.; Laucht, Arne; Morello, Andrea (March 2020). "Coherent electrical control of a single high-spin nucleus in silicon". Nature. 579 (7798): 205–209. arXiv:1906.01086. Bibcode:2020Natur.579..205A. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2057-7. PMID 32161384. S2CID 174797899.
  265. Scientists create quantum sensor that covers entire radio frequency spectrum, Phys.org/United States Army Research Laboratory, 2020-03-19
  266. Meyer, David H; Castillo, Zachary A; Cox, Kevin C; Kunz, Paul D (January 10, 2020). "Assessment of Rydberg atoms for wideband electric field sensing". Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. 53 (3): 034001. arXiv:1910.00646. Bibcode:2020JPhB...53c4001M. doi:10.1088/1361-6455/ab6051. ISSN 0953-4075. S2CID 203626886.
  267. "Researchers demonstrate the missing link for a quantum internet". phys.org. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  268. Bhaskar, M. K.; Riedinger, R.; Machielse, B.; Levonian, D. S.; Nguyen, C. T.; Knall, E. N.; Park, H.; Englund, D.; Lončar, M.; Sukachev, D. D.; Lukin, M. D. (April 2020). "Experimental demonstration of memory-enhanced quantum communication". Nature. 580 (7801): 60–64. arXiv:1909.01323. Bibcode:2020Natur.580...60B. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2103-5. PMID 32238931. S2CID 202539813.
  269. Delbert, Caroline (April 17, 2020). "Hot Qubits Could Deliver a Quantum Computing Breakthrough". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  270. "'Hot' qubits crack quantum computing temperature barrier - ABC News". www.abc.net.au. April 15, 2020. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  271. "Hot qubits break one of the biggest constraints to practical quantum computers". phys.org. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  272. Yang, C. H.; Leon, R. C. C.; Hwang, J. C. C.; Saraiva, A.; Tanttu, T.; Huang, W.; Camirand Lemyre, J.; Chan, K. W.; Tan, K. Y.; Hudson, F. E.; Itoh, K. M.; Morello, A.; Pioro-Ladrière, M.; Laucht, A.; Dzurak, A. S. (April 2020). "Operation of a silicon quantum processor unit cell above one kelvin". Nature. 580 (7803): 350–354. arXiv:1902.09126. Bibcode:2020Natur.580..350Y. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2171-6. PMID 32296190. S2CID 119520750.
  273. "New discovery settles long-standing debate about photovoltaic materials". phys.org. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  274. Liu, Z.; Vaswani, C.; Yang, X.; Zhao, X.; Yao, Y.; Song, Z.; Cheng, D.; Shi, Y.; Luo, L.; Mudiyanselage, D.-H.; Huang, C.; Park, J.-M.; Kim, R. H. J.; Zhao, J.; Yan, Y.; Ho, K.-M.; Wang, J. (April 16, 2020). "Ultrafast Control of Excitonic Rashba Fine Structure by Phonon Coherence in the Metal Halide Perovskite ". Physical Review Letters. 124 (15): 157401. arXiv:1905.12373. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.157401. PMID 32357060. S2CID 214606050.
  275. "Scientists demonstrate quantum radar prototype". phys.org. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  276. ""Quantum radar" uses entangled photons to detect objects". New Atlas. May 12, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  277. Barzanjeh, S.; Pirandola, S.; Vitali, D.; Fink, J. M. (May 1, 2020). "Microwave quantum illumination using a digital receiver". Science Advances. 6 (19): eabb0451. arXiv:1908.03058. Bibcode:2020SciA....6..451B. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abb0451. PMC 7272231. PMID 32548249.
  278. "Scientists break the link between a quantum material's spin and orbital states". phys.org. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  279. Shen, L.; Mack, S. A.; Dakovski, G.; Coslovich, G.; Krupin, O.; Hoffmann, M.; Huang, S.-W.; Chuang, Y-D.; Johnson, J. A.; Lieu, S.; Zohar, S.; Ford, C.; Kozina, M.; Schlotter, W.; Minitti, M. P.; Fujioka, J.; Moore, R.; Lee, W-S.; Hussain, Z.; Tokura, Y.; Littlewood, P.; Turner, J. J. (May 12, 2020). "Decoupling spin–orbital correlations in a layered manganite amidst ultrafast hybridized charge-transfer band excitation". Physical Review B. 101 (20): 201103. arXiv:1912.10234. Bibcode:2020PhRvB.101t1103S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.101.201103.
  280. "Photon discovery is a major step toward large-scale quantum technologies". phys.org. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  281. "Physicists develop integrated photon source for macro quantum-photonics". optics.org. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  282. Paesani, S.; Borghi, M.; Signorini, S.; Maïnos, A.; Pavesi, L.; Laing, A. (May 19, 2020). "Near-ideal spontaneous photon sources in silicon quantum photonics". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 2505. arXiv:2005.09579. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.2505P. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16187-8. PMC 7237445. PMID 32427911.
  283. Lachmann, Maike D.; Rasel, Ernst M. (June 11, 2020). "Quantum matter orbits Earth". Nature. 582 (7811): 186–187. Bibcode:2020Natur.582..186L. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-01653-6. PMID 32528088.
  284. "Quantum 'fifth state of matter' observed in space for first time". phys.org. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  285. Aveline, David C.; Williams, Jason R.; Elliott, Ethan R.; Dutenhoffer, Chelsea; Kellogg, James R.; Kohel, James M.; Lay, Norman E.; Oudrhiri, Kamal; Shotwell, Robert F.; Yu, Nan; Thompson, Robert J. (June 2020). "Observation of Bose–Einstein condensates in an Earth-orbiting research lab". Nature. 582 (7811): 193–197. Bibcode:2020Natur.582..193A. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2346-1. PMID 32528092. S2CID 219568565.
  286. "The smallest motor in the world". phys.org. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  287. "Nano-motor of just 16 atoms runs at the boundary of quantum physics". New Atlas. June 17, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  288. Stolz, Samuel; Gröning, Oliver; Prinz, Jan; Brune, Harald; Widmer, Roland (June 15, 2020). "Molecular motor crossing the frontier of classical to quantum tunneling motion". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (26): 14838–14842. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11714838S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1918654117. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 7334648. PMID 32541061.
  289. "New techniques improve quantum communication, entangle phonons". phys.org. Retrieved July 5, 2020.
  290. Schirber, Michael (June 12, 2020). "Quantum Erasing with Phonons". Physics. Retrieved July 5, 2020.
  291. Chang, H.-S.; Zhong, Y. P.; Bienfait, A.; Chou, M.-H.; Conner, C. R.; Dumur, É.; Grebel, J.; Peairs, G. A.; Povey, R. G.; Satzinger, K. J.; Cleland, A. N. (June 17, 2020). "Remote Entanglement via Adiabatic Passage Using a Tunably Dissipative Quantum Communication System". Physical Review Letters. 124 (24): 240502. arXiv:2005.12334. Bibcode:2020PhRvL.124x0502C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.240502. PMID 32639797. S2CID 218889298.
  292. Bienfait, A.; Zhong, Y. P.; Chang, H.-S.; Chou, M.-H.; Conner, C. R.; Dumur, É.; Grebel, J.; Peairs, G. A.; Povey, R. G.; Satzinger, K. J.; Cleland, A. N. (June 12, 2020). "Quantum Erasure Using Entangled Surface Acoustic Phonons". Physical Review X. 10 (2): 021055. arXiv:2005.09311. Bibcode:2020PhRvX..10b1055B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.10.021055.
  293. "UChicago scientists discover way to make quantum states last 10,000 times longer". Argonne National Laboratory. August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
  294. Miao, Kevin C.; Blanton, Joseph P.; Anderson, Christopher P.; Bourassa, Alexandre; Crook, Alexander L.; Wolfowicz, Gary; Abe, Hiroshi; Ohshima, Takeshi; Awschalom, David D. (May 12, 2020). "Universal coherence protection in a solid-state spin qubit". Science. 369 (6510): 1493–1497. arXiv:2005.06082v1. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1493M. doi:10.1126/science.abc5186. PMID 32792463. S2CID 218613907.
  295. "Quantum computers may be destroyed by high-energy particles from space". New Scientist. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
  296. "Cosmic rays may soon stymie quantum computing". phys.org. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
  297. Vepsäläinen, Antti P.; Karamlou, Amir H.; Orrell, John L.; Dogra, Akshunna S.; Loer, Ben; Vasconcelos, Francisca; Kim, David K.; Melville, Alexander J.; Niedzielski, Bethany M.; Yoder, Jonilyn L.; Gustavsson, Simon; Formaggio, Joseph A.; VanDevender, Brent A.; Oliver, William D. (August 2020). "Impact of ionizing radiation on superconducting qubit coherence". Nature. 584 (7822): 551–556. arXiv:2001.09190. Bibcode:2020Natur.584..551V. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2619-8. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 32848227. S2CID 210920566. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
  298. "Google conducts largest chemical simulation on a quantum computer to date". phys.org. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
  299. Savage, Neil. "Google's Quantum Computer Achieves Chemistry Milestone". Scientific American. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
  300. Arute, Frank; et al. (Google AI Quantum Collaborators) (August 28, 2020). "Hartree–Fock on a superconducting qubit quantum computer". Science. 369 (6507): 1084–1089. arXiv:2004.04174. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1084.. doi:10.1126/science.abb9811. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32855334. S2CID 215548188. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
  301. "Multi-user communication network paves the way towards the quantum internet". Physics World. September 8, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  302. Joshi, Siddarth Koduru; Aktas, Djeylan; Wengerowsky, Sören; Lončarić, Martin; Neumann, Sebastian Philipp; Liu, Bo; Scheidl, Thomas; Lorenzo, Guillermo Currás; Samec, Željko; Kling, Laurent; Qiu, Alex; Razavi, Mohsen; Stipčević, Mario; Rarity, John G.; Ursin, Rupert (September 1, 2020). "A trusted node–free eight-user metropolitan quantum communication network". Science Advances. 6 (36): eaba0959. arXiv:1907.08229. Bibcode:2020SciA....6..959J. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba0959. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7467697. PMID 32917585. Text and images are available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
  303. "Quantum entanglement realized between distant large objects". phys.org. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
  304. Thomas, Rodrigo A.; Parniak, Michał; Østfeldt, Christoffer; Møller, Christoffer B.; Bærentsen, Christian; Tsaturyan, Yeghishe; Schliesser, Albert; Appel, Jürgen; Zeuthen, Emil; Polzik, Eugene S. (September 21, 2020). "Entanglement between distant macroscopic mechanical and spin systems". Nature Physics. 17 (2): 228–233. arXiv:2003.11310. doi:10.1038/s41567-020-1031-5. ISSN 1745-2481. S2CID 214641162. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
  305. "Chinese team unveils exceedingly fast quantum computer". China Daily. December 4, 2020. Retrieved December 5, 2020.
  306. "China Stakes Its Claim to Quantum Supremacy". Wired. December 3, 2020. Retrieved December 5, 2020.
  307. Zhong, Han-Sen; Wang, Hui; Deng, Yu-Hao; Chen, Ming-Cheng; Peng, Li-Chao; Luo, Yi-Han; Qin, Jian; Wu, Dian; Ding, Xing; Hu, Yi; Hu, Peng; Yang, Xiao-Yan; Zhang, Wei-Jun; Li, Hao; Li, Yuxuan; Jiang, Xiao; Gan, Lin; Yang, Guangwen; You, Lixing; Wang, Zhen; Li, Li; Liu, Nai-Le; Lu, Chao-Yang; Pan, Jian-Wei (December 18, 2020). "Quantum computational advantage using photons". Science. 370 (6523): 1460–1463. arXiv:2012.01625. Bibcode:2020Sci...370.1460Z. doi:10.1126/science.abe8770. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33273064. S2CID 227254333. Retrieved January 22, 2021.
  308. "Scientists Achieve Direct Counterfactual Quantum Communication For The First Time". Futurism. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  309. "Elementary particles part ways with their properties". phys.org. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  310. McRae, Mike. "In a Mind-Bending New Paper, Physicists Give Schrodinger's Cat a Cheshire Grin". ScienceAlert. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  311. Aharonov, Yakir; Rohrlich, Daniel (December 21, 2020). "What Is Nonlocal in Counterfactual Quantum Communication?". Physical Review Letters. 125 (26): 260401. arXiv:2011.11667. Bibcode:2020PhRvL.125z0401A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.260401. PMID 33449741. S2CID 145994494. Retrieved January 16, 2021. Available under CC BY 4.0.
  312. "The world's first integrated quantum communication network". phys.org. Retrieved February 11, 2021.
  313. Chen, Yu-Ao; Zhang, Qiang; Chen, Teng-Yun; Cai, Wen-Qi; Liao, Sheng-Kai; Zhang, Jun; Chen, Kai; Yin, Juan; Ren, Ji-Gang; Chen, Zhu; Han, Sheng-Long; Yu, Qing; Liang, Ken; Zhou, Fei; Yuan, Xiao; Zhao, Mei-Sheng; Wang, Tian-Yin; Jiang, Xiao; Zhang, Liang; Liu, Wei-Yue; Li, Yang; Shen, Qi; Cao, Yuan; Lu, Chao-Yang; Shu, Rong; Wang, Jian-Yu; Li, Li; Liu, Nai-Le; Xu, Feihu; Wang, Xiang-Bin; Peng, Cheng-Zhi; Pan, Jian-Wei (January 2021). "An integrated space-to-ground quantum communication network over 4,600 kilometres". Nature. 589 (7841): 214–219. Bibcode:2021Natur.589..214C. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03093-8. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 33408416. S2CID 230812317. Retrieved February 11, 2021.
  314. "Error-protected quantum bits entangled for the first time". phys.org. Retrieved August 30, 2021.
  315. Erhard, Alexander; Poulsen Nautrup, Hendrik; Meth, Michael; Postler, Lukas; Stricker, Roman; Stadler, Martin; Negnevitsky, Vlad; Ringbauer, Martin; Schindler, Philipp; Briegel, Hans J.; Blatt, Rainer; Friis, Nicolai; Monz, Thomas (January 2021). "Entangling logical qubits with lattice surgery". Nature. 589 (7841): 220–224. arXiv:2006.03071. Bibcode:2021Natur.589..220E. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03079-6. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 33442044. S2CID 219401398. Retrieved August 30, 2021.
  316. "Using drones to create local quantum networks". phys.org. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
  317. Liu, Hua-Ying; Tian, Xiao-Hui; Gu, Changsheng; Fan, Pengfei; Ni, Xin; Yang, Ran; Zhang, Ji-Ning; Hu, Mingzhe; Guo, Jian; Cao, Xun; Hu, Xiaopeng; Zhao, Gang; Lu, Yan-Qing; Gong, Yan-Xiao; Xie, Zhenda; Zhu, Shi-Ning (January 15, 2021). "Optical-Relayed Entanglement Distribution Using Drones as Mobile Nodes". Physical Review Letters. 126 (2): 020503. Bibcode:2021PhRvL.126b0503L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.020503. PMID 33512193. S2CID 231761406. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
  318. "Physicists develop record-breaking source for single photons". phys.org. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
  319. Tomm, Natasha; Javadi, Alisa; Antoniadis, Nadia Olympia; Najer, Daniel; Löbl, Matthias Christian; Korsch, Alexander Rolf; Schott, Rüdiger; Valentin, Sascha René; Wieck, Andreas Dirk; Ludwig, Arne; Warburton, Richard John (January 28, 2021). "A bright and fast source of coherent single photons". Nature Nanotechnology. 16 (4): 399–403. arXiv:2007.12654. Bibcode:2021NatNa..16..399T. doi:10.1038/s41565-020-00831-x. ISSN 1748-3395. PMID 33510454. S2CID 220769410. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
  320. "Quantum systems learn joint computing". phys.org. Retrieved March 7, 2021.
  321. Daiss, Severin; Langenfeld, Stefan; Welte, Stephan; Distante, Emanuele; Thomas, Philip; Hartung, Lukas; Morin, Olivier; Rempe, Gerhard (February 5, 2021). "A quantum-logic gate between distant quantum-network modules". Science. 371 (6529): 614–617. arXiv:2103.13095. Bibcode:2021Sci...371..614D. doi:10.1126/science.abe3150. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33542133. S2CID 231808141. Retrieved March 7, 2021.
  322. "We could detect alien civilizations through their interstellar quantum communication". phys.org. Retrieved May 9, 2021.
  323. Hippke, Michael (April 13, 2021). "Searching for Interstellar Quantum Communications". The Astronomical Journal. 162 (1): 1. arXiv:2104.06446. Bibcode:2021AJ....162....1H. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abf7b7. S2CID 233231350.
  324. "Vibrating drumheads are entangled quantum mechanically". Physics World. May 17, 2021. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
  325. Lépinay, Laure Mercier de; Ockeloen-Korppi, Caspar F.; Woolley, Matthew J.; Sillanpää, Mika A. (May 7, 2021). "Quantum mechanics–free subsystem with mechanical oscillators". Science. 372 (6542): 625–629. arXiv:2009.12902. Bibcode:2021Sci...372..625M. doi:10.1126/science.abf5389. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33958476. S2CID 221971015. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
  326. Kotler, Shlomi; Peterson, Gabriel A.; Shojaee, Ezad; Lecocq, Florent; Cicak, Katarina; Kwiatkowski, Alex; Geller, Shawn; Glancy, Scott; Knill, Emanuel; Simmonds, Raymond W.; Aumentado, José; Teufel, John D. (May 7, 2021). "Direct observation of deterministic macroscopic entanglement". Science. 372 (6542): 622–625. arXiv:2004.05515. Bibcode:2021Sci...372..622K. doi:10.1126/science.abf2998. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33958475. S2CID 233872863. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
  327. "TOSHIBA ANNOUNCES BREAKTHROUGH IN LONG DISTANCE QUANTUM COMMUNICATION". Toshiba. June 12, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  328. "Researchers create an 'un-hackable' quantum network over hundreds of kilometers using optical fiber". ZDNet. June 8, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  329. Pittaluga, Mirko; Minder, Mariella; Lucamarini, Marco; Sanzaro, Mirko; Woodward, Robert I.; Li, Ming-Jun; Yuan, Zhiliang; Shields, Andrew J. (July 2021). "600-km repeater-like quantum communications with dual-band stabilization". Nature Photonics. 15 (7): 530–535. arXiv:2012.15099. Bibcode:2021NaPho..15..530P. doi:10.1038/s41566-021-00811-0. ISSN 1749-4893. S2CID 229923162. Retrieved July 19, 2021.
  330. "Quantum computer is smallest ever, claim physicists". Physics World. July 7, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  331. Pogorelov, I.; Feldker, T.; Marciniak, Ch. D.; Postler, L.; Jacob, G.; Krieglsteiner, O.; Podlesnic, V.; Meth, M.; Negnevitsky, V.; Stadler, M.; Höfer, B.; Wächter, C.; Lakhmanskiy, K.; Blatt, R.; Schindler, P.; Monz, T. (June 17, 2021). "Compact Ion-Trap Quantum Computing Demonstrator". PRX Quantum. 2 (2): 020343. arXiv:2101.11390. Bibcode:2021PRXQ....2b0343P. doi:10.1103/PRXQuantum.2.020343. S2CID 231719119. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  332. "Harvard-led physicists take big step in race to quantum computing". Scienmag: Latest Science and Health News. July 9, 2021. Retrieved August 14, 2021.
  333. Ebadi, Sepehr; Wang, Tout T.; Levine, Harry; Keesling, Alexander; Semeghini, Giulia; Omran, Ahmed; Bluvstein, Dolev; Samajdar, Rhine; Pichler, Hannes; Ho, Wen Wei; Choi, Soonwon; Sachdev, Subir; Greiner, Markus; Vuletić, Vladan; Lukin, Mikhail D. (July 2021). "Quantum phases of matter on a 256-atom programmable quantum simulator". Nature. 595 (7866): 227–232. arXiv:2012.12281. Bibcode:2021Natur.595..227E. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03582-4. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 34234334. S2CID 229363764.
  334. Scholl, Pascal; Schuler, Michael; Williams, Hannah J.; Eberharter, Alexander A.; Barredo, Daniel; Schymik, Kai-Niklas; Lienhard, Vincent; Henry, Louis-Paul; Lang, Thomas C.; Lahaye, Thierry; Läuchli, Andreas M. (July 7, 2021). "Quantum simulation of 2D antiferromagnets with hundreds of Rydberg atoms". Nature. 595 (7866): 233–238. arXiv:2012.12268. Bibcode:2021Natur.595..233S. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03585-1. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 34234335. S2CID 229363462.
  335. "China quantum computers are 1 million times more powerful Google's". TechHQ. October 28, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
  336. "China's quantum computing efforts surpasses the West's again". Tech Wire Asia. November 3, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
  337. "Canadian researchers achieve first quantum simulation of baryons". University of Waterloo. November 11, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
  338. Atas, Yasar Y.; Zhang, Jinglei; Lewis, Randy; Jahanpour, Amin; Haase, Jan F.; Muschik, Christine A. (November 11, 2021). "SU(2) hadrons on a quantum computer via a variational approach". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 6499. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.6499A. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26825-4. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 8586147. PMID 34764262.
  339. "IBM creates largest ever superconducting quantum computer". New Scientist. Retrieved February 12, 2022.
  340. "IBM Unveils Breakthrough 127-Qubit Quantum Processor". IBM Newsroom. Retrieved January 12, 2022.
  341. "Europe's First Quantum Computer with More Than 5K Qubits Launched at Jülich". HPC Wire. January 18, 2022. Archived from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
  342. "Artificial neurons go quantum with photonic circuits". University of Vienna. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  343. Spagnolo, Michele; Morris, Joshua; Piacentini, Simone; Antesberger, Michael; Massa, Francesco; Crespi, Andrea; Ceccarelli, Francesco; Osellame, Roberto; Walther, Philip (April 2022). "Experimental photonic quantum memristor". Nature Photonics. 16 (4): 318–323. arXiv:2105.04867. Bibcode:2022NaPho..16..318S. doi:10.1038/s41566-022-00973-5. ISSN 1749-4893. S2CID 234358015.
  344. "Quantinuum Announces Quantum Volume 4096 Achievement". www.quantinuum.com. April 14, 2022. Retrieved May 2, 2022.
  345. Universität Innsbruck (May 27, 2022). "Error-Free Quantum Computing Gets Real". www.uibk.ac.at. Retrieved February 13, 2023.
  346. "A Huge Step Forward in Quantum Computing Was Just Announced: The First-Ever Quantum Circuit". Science Alert. June 22, 2022. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  347. Kiczynski, M.; Gorman, S. K.; Geng, H.; Donnelly, M. B.; Chung, Y.; He, Y.; Keizer, J. G.; Simmons, M. Y. (June 2022). "Engineering topological states in atom-based semiconductor quantum dots". Nature. 606 (7915): 694–699. Bibcode:2022Natur.606..694K. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04706-0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 9217742. PMID 35732762.
  348. Conover, Emily (July 5, 2022). "Aliens could send quantum messages to Earth, calculations suggest". Science News. Retrieved July 13, 2022.
  349. Berera, Arjun; Calderón-Figueroa, Jaime (June 28, 2022). "Viability of quantum communication across interstellar distances". Physical Review D. 105 (12): 123033. arXiv:2205.11816. Bibcode:2022PhRvD.105l3033B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.105.123033. S2CID 249017926.
  350. Universität Innsbruck (July 21, 2022). "Quantum computer works with more than zero and one". www.uibk.ac.at. Retrieved February 13, 2023.
  351. Purdue University (August 15, 2022). "2D array of electron and nuclear spin qubits opens new frontier in quantum science". Phys.org.
  352. Max Planck Society (August 24, 2022). "Physicists entangle more than a dozen photons efficiently". Nature. Phys.org. 608 (7924): 677–681. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04987-5. PMC 9402438. PMID 36002484. Retrieved August 25, 2022.
  353. Ritter, Florian; Max Planck Society. "Metasurfaces offer new possibilities for quantum research". Phys.org.
  354. Mike McRae (August 31, 2022). "Quantum Physicists Set New Record For Entangling Photons Together". Science Alert.
  355. National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (September 2, 2022). "New method to systematically find optimal quantum operation sequences for quantum computers". Phys.org. Archived from the original on September 4, 2022. Retrieved September 8, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  356. University of New South Wales (September 30, 2022). "For the longest time: Quantum computing engineers set new standard in silicon chip performance". Science Advances. Phys.org. 7 (33). doi:10.1126/sciadv.abg9158. PMC 8363148. PMID 34389538. Archived from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 8, 2023.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  357. "IBM Unveils 400 Qubit-Plus Quantum Processor and Next-Generation IBM Quantum System Two". IBM. November 9, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  358. "IBM unveils its 433 qubit Osprey quantum computer". Tech Crunch. November 9, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  359. "SpinQ Introduces Trio of Portable Quantum Computers". December 15, 2022. Retrieved December 15, 2022.
  360. "World's first portable quantum computers on sale in Japan: Prices start at $8,700".
  361. "Il futuro è ora: I primi computer quantistici portatili arrivano sul mercato" [The future is now: The first portable quantum computers hit the market] (in Italian). May 19, 2023.
  362. Universität Innsbruck (February 3, 2023). "Entangled atoms across the Innsbruck quantum network". www.uibk.ac.at. Retrieved February 13, 2023.
  363. AQT (February 8, 2023). "State of Quantum Computing in Europe: AQT pushing performance with a Quantum Volume of 128". AQT | ALPINE QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES. Retrieved February 13, 2023.
  364. "India's first quantum computing-based telecom network link now operational: Ashwini Vaishnaw". March 27, 2023.
  365. Chang, Kenneth (June 14, 2023). "Quantum Computing Advance Begins New Era, IBM Says - A quantum computer came up with better answers to a physics problem than a conventional supercomputer". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 14, 2023. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  366. Kim, Youngseok; et al. (June 14, 2023). "Evidence for the utility of quantum computing before fault tolerance". Nature. 618 (7965): 500–505. Bibcode:2023Natur.618..500K. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06096-3. PMC 10266970. PMID 37316724.
  367. Frederic Lardinois (June 21, 2023). "Microsoft expects to build a quantum supercomputer within 10 years". Tech Crunch.
  368. "Quantum startup Atom Computing first to exceed 1,000 qubits". Boulder, CO. October 24, 2023.
  369. John Russell (October 24, 2023). "Atom Computing Wins the Race to 1000 Qubits". HPC Wire.
  370. McDowell, Steve. "IBM Advances Quantum Computing with New Processors & Platforms". Forbes. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
  371. "IBM Quantum Computing Blog | The hardware and software for the era of quantum utility is here". www.ibm.com. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
  372. "IBM's roadmap for scaling quantum technology". IBM Research Blog. February 9, 2021. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.