Tournament details | |
---|---|
Dates | September 16 – November 11, 2023 |
Teams | 16 |
Venue(s) | 2 |
Champions | NU Lady Bulldogs (2nd title) |
Runners-up | UST Golden Tigresses |
Third place | FEU Lady Tamaraws |
Fourth place | Adamson Lady Falcons |
Tournament awards | |
MVP | Alyssa Jae Solomon |
Best Setter | Camila Victoria Lamina |
Best OH | Mhicaela Belen Angeline Poyos |
Best MB | Erin May Pangilinan Lorene Grace Toring |
Best OPP | Alyssa Jae Solomon |
Best Libero | Ma. Bernadett Pepito |
Tournament statistics | |
Matches played | 51 |
The 2023 Shakey's Super League Collegiate Pre-Season Championship was the second collegiate pre-season tournament and the third tournament of the 2nd season of the Shakey's Super League. The tournament began on September 16 at the Filoil EcoOil Centre with ten teams from NCAA and six teams from UAAP.[1]
The UP Fighting Maroons and De La Salle Lady Spikers are both skipping this tournament due to rebuilding and recovery of players from injuries, respectively.[2]
Participating teams
Pool composition
The top eight teams from 2022 Collegiate Pre-Season Championship are pre-assigned to the pools using the serpentine system. Teams outside the top eight shall have a draw of lots to determine their pool.[3]
- First round
Pool A | Pool B | Pool C | Pool D |
---|---|---|---|
NU Lady Bulldogs (1) | Adamson Lady Falcons (3) | UST Tigresses (4) | Ateneo Blue Eagles (5) |
UE Lady Warriors (9) | Lyceum Lady Pirates (9) | Perpetual Lady Altas (8) | FEU Lady Tamaraws (7) |
San Sebastian Lady Stags | Arellano Lady Chiefs | Benilde Lady Blazers | Mapúa Lady Cardinals |
JRU Lady Bombers | San Beda Red Spikers | Letran Lady Knights | EAC Lady Generals |
Venues
Preliminaries | Preliminaries, Semifinals, Finals |
---|---|
San Juan City | City of Manila |
Filoil EcoOil Centre | Rizal Memorial Coliseum |
Capacity: 6,000 | Capacity: 6,100 |
Format
This tournament will implement the "All to Play" system in its games, where teams will field all the players on the roster who will be given a chance to play in a match. It is a system where a team will be fielding different players (except Libero) to play in the first two sets. The substitution will take effect when the set score reaches 16. Starting from the 3rd set onwards, the standard play will return. This is the competition format that will be conducted for the entirety of the conference.[4]
- First round
- Single-round robin format; 4 pools; Teams are ranked using the FIVB Ranking System.
- The top two teams per pool will advance to the second round.
- Second round
- Single-round robin format; 2 pools; Teams are ranked using the FIVB Ranking System.
- The W-L record in the first round will be carried over in the second round.
- After another pool play, the eight teams will battle in the crossover quarterfinals.
- Quarterfinals (twice-to-beat)
- QF1: E1 vs. F4 (E1 twice-to-beat)
- QF3: F2 vs. E3 (F2 twice-to-beat)
- QF2: F1 vs. E4 (F1 twice-to-beat)
- QF4: E2 vs. F3 (E2 twice-to-beat)
- Semifinals (knockout stage)
- SF1: QF #1 vs. QF #3
- SF2: QF #2 vs. QF #4
- Finals (Best-of-three series)
- Bronze medal: SF1 Loser vs SF2 Loser
- Gold medal: SF1 Winner vs SF2 Winner
Pool standing procedure
- Number of matches won
- Match points
- Sets ratio
- Points ratio
- If the tie continues as per the point ratio between two teams, the priority will be given to the team which won the last match between them. When the tie in points ratio is between three or more teams, a new classification of these teams in the terms of points 1, 2 and 3 will be made taking into consideration only the matches in which they were opposed to each other.
Match won 3–0 or 3–1: 3 match points for the winner, 0 match points for the loser
Match won 3–2: 2 match points for the winner, 1 match point for the loser.
First round
- All times are Philippine Standard Time (UTC+8:00).
- The top two teams per pool advance to the second round.
Pool A
Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | Pts | SW | SL | SR | SPW | SPL | SPR | Qualification |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | NU Lady Bulldogs | 3 | 3 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 0 | MAX | 225 | 129 | 1.744 | Second round |
2 | UE Lady Warriors | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 2.000 | 199 | 187 | 1.064 | |
3 | San Sebastian Lady Stags | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 0.429 | 200 | 227 | 0.881 | |
4 | JRU Lady Bombers | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 0.111 | 165 | 250 | 0.660 |
Date | Time | Venue | Score | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep 17 | 11:00 | FEC | UE Lady Warriors | 3–0 | JRU Lady Bombers | 25–14 | 25–21 | 25–19 | 75–54 | |||
Sep 18 | 14:00 | FEC | JRU Lady Bombers | 1–3 | San Sebastian Lady Stags | 20–25 | 25–21 | 20–25 | 12–25 | 77–96 | ||
Sep 23 | 17:00 | FEC | UE Lady Warriors | 0–3 | NU Lady Bulldogs | 15–25 | 19–25 | 15–25 | 49–75 | |||
Sep 24 | 17:00 | FEC | NU Lady Bulldogs | 3–0 | San Sebastian Lady Stags | 25–18 | 25–15 | 25–13 | 75–46 | |||
Sep 30 | 11:00 | RMC | San Sebastian Lady Stags | 0–3 | UE Lady Warriors | 18–25 | 20–25 | 20–25 | 58–75 | |||
Oct 1 | 11:00 | RMC | NU Lady Bulldogs | 3–0 | JRU Lady Bombers | 25–11 | 25–12 | 25–11 | 75–34 | |||
Pool B
Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | Pts | SW | SL | SR | SPW | SPL | SPR | Qualification |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Adamson Lady Falcons | 3 | 3 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 0 | MAX | 225 | 144 | 1.563 | Second round |
2 | Arellano Lady Chiefs | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1.500 | 225 | 211 | 1.066 | |
3 | Lyceum Lady Pirates | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 0.571 | 225 | 240 | 0.938 | |
4 | San Beda Lady Red Spikers | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 0.111 | 165 | 245 | 0.673 |
Date | Time | Venue | Score | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep 16 | 17:00 | FEC | San Beda Lady Red Spikers | 0–3 | Arellano Lady Chiefs | 15–25 | 21–25 | 15–25 | 51–75 | |||
Sep 17 | 14:00 | FEC | Lyceum Lady Pirates | 3–1 | San Beda Lady Red Spikers | 25–6 | 19–25 | 26–24 | 25–18 | 95–73 | ||
Sep 17 | 17:00 | FEC | Arellano Lady Chiefs | 0–3 | Adamson Lady Falcons | 19–25 | 17–25 | 22–25 | 58–75 | |||
Sep 24 | 11:00 | FEC | Lyceum Lady Pirates | 1–3 | Arellano Lady Chiefs | 22–25 | 25–17 | 21–25 | 17–25 | 85–92 | ||
Sep 25 | 09:00 | FEC | Adamson Lady Falcons | 3–0 | Lyceum Lady Pirates | 25–16 | 25–16 | 25–13 | 75–45 | |||
Oct 1 | 14:00 | RMC | Adamson Lady Falcons | 3–0 | San Beda Lady Red Spikers | 25–14 | 25–10 | 25–17 | 75–41 | |||
Pool C
Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | Pts | SW | SL | SR | SPW | SPL | SPR | Qualification |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | UST Golden Tigresses | 3 | 3 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 2 | 4.500 | 268 | 203 | 1.320 | Second round |
2 | Benilde Lady Blazers | 3 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 1.167 | 277 | 272 | 1.018 | |
3 | Perpetual Lady Altas | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 1.000 | 244 | 249 | 0.980 | |
4 | Letran Lady Knights | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 0.111 | 180 | 245 | 0.735 |
Date | Time | Venue | Score | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep 16 | 15:00 | FEC | Perpetual Lady Altas | 1–3 | UST Golden Tigresses | 12–25 | 25–21 | 15–25 | 21–25 | 73–96 | ||
Sep 18 | 11:00 | FEC | Letran Lady Knights | 0–3 | UST Golden Tigresses | 21–25 | 23–25 | 14–25 | 58–75 | |||
Sep 23 | 11:00 | FEC | Benilde Lady Blazers | 3–1 | Letran Lady Knights | 20–25 | 25–14 | 25–18 | 25–22 | 95–79 | ||
Sep 25 | 11:00 | FEC | UST Golden Tigresses | 3–1 | Benilde Lady Blazers | 25–13 | 22–25 | 25–12 | 25–22 | 97–72 | ||
Sep 25 | 17:00 | FEC | Letran Lady Knights | 0–3 | Perpetual Lady Altas | 9–25 | 17–25 | 17–25 | 43–75 | |||
Sep 30 | 17:00 | RMC | Perpetual Lady Altas | 2–3 | Benilde Lady Blazers | 26–24 | 21–25 | 25–21 | 13–25 | 11–15 | 96–110 | |
Pool D
Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | Pts | SW | SL | SR | SPW | SPL | SPR | Qualification |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | FEU Lady Tamaraws | 3 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 9 | 2 | 4.500 | 260 | 190 | 1.368 | Second round |
2 | Ateneo Blue Eagles | 3 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 8 | 3 | 2.667 | 262 | 235 | 1.115 | |
3 | Mapúa Lady Cardinals | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 0.500 | 210 | 217 | 0.968 | |
4 | EAC Lady Generals | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0.000 | 139 | 229 | 0.607 |
Date | Time | Venue | Score | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep 18 | 17:00 | FEC | FEU Lady Tamaraws | 3–0 | Mapúa Lady Cardinals | 25–23 | 25–14 | 25–18 | 75–55 | |||
Sep 23 | 14:00 | FEC | EAC Lady Generals | 0–3 | FEU Lady Tamaraws | 6–25 | 15–25 | 12–25 | 33–75 | |||
Sep 24 | 14:00 | FEC | Mapúa Lady Cardinals | 0–3 | Ateneo Blue Eagles | 23–25 | 20–25 | 33–35 | 76–85 | |||
Sep 25 | 14:00 | FEC | Mapúa Lady Cardinals | 3–0 | EAC Lady Generals | 25–19 | 29–27 | 25–11 | 79–57 | |||
Sep 30 | 14:00 | RMC | Ateneo Blue Eagles | 2–3 | FEU Lady Tamaraws | 25–22 | 25–23 | 20–25 | 22–25 | 10–15 | 102–110 | |
Oct 1 | 17:00 | RMC | EAC Lady Generals | 0–3 | Ateneo Blue Eagles | 13–25 | 20–25 | 16–25 | 49–75 | |||
Second round
- All times are Philippine Standard Time (UTC+8:00).
Pool E
Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | Pts | SW | SL | SR | SPW | SPL | SPR | Qualification |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | NU Lady Bulldogs | 6 | 6 | 0 | 18 | 18 | 0 | MAX | 450 | 289 | 1.557 | Quarterfinals with twice-to-beat advantage |
2 | UST Golden Tigresses | 6 | 5 | 1 | 15 | 15 | 5 | 3.000 | 479 | 395 | 1.213 | |
3 | Arellano Lady Chiefs | 6 | 3 | 3 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 0.900 | 415 | 427 | 0.972 | Quarterfinals |
4 | Ateneo Blue Eagles | 6 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 12 | 0.667 | 429 | 460 | 0.933 |
Date | Time | Score | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oct 14 | 14:00 | Arellano Lady Chiefs | 3–0 | Ateneo Blue Eagles | 25–21 | 25–18 | 25–21 | 75–60 | |||
Oct 14 | 17:00 | NU Lady Bulldogs | 3–0 | UST Golden Tigresses | 25–19 | 25–20 | 25–16 | 75–55 | |||
Oct 15 | 14:00 | UST Golden Tigresses | 3–0 | Arellano Lady Chiefs | 25–16 | 31–29 | 25–18 | 81–63 | |||
Oct 15 | 17:00 | Ateneo Blue Eagles | 0–3 | NU Lady Bulldogs | 20–25 | 18–25 | 15–25 | 53–75 | |||
Oct 21 | 11:00 | NU Lady Bulldogs | 3–0 | Arellano Lady Chiefs | 25–17 | 25–22 | 25–13 | 75–52 | |||
Oct 22 | 17:00 | Ateneo Blue Eagles | 0–3 | UST Tigresses | 15–25 | 21–25 | 18–25 | 54–75 | |||
Pool F
Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | Pts | SW | SL | SR | SPW | SPL | SPR | Qualification |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | FEU Lady Tamaraws | 6 | 5 | 1 | 15 | 17 | 5 | 3.400 | 464 | 431 | 1.077 | Quarterfinals with twice-to-beat advantage |
2 | Adamson Lady Falcons | 6 | 5 | 1 | 14 | 15 | 6 | 2.500 | 473 | 391 | 1.210 | |
3 | Benilde Lady Blazers | 6 | 4 | 2 | 11 | 15 | 11 | 1.364 | 560 | 509 | 1.100 | Quarterfinals |
4 | UE Lady Warriors | 6 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 12 | 0.583 | 385 | 433 | 0.889 |
Date | Time | Score | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oct 14 | 11:00 | Adamson Lady Falcons | 0–3 | FEU Lady Tamaraws | 20–25 | 22–25 | 20–25 | 62–75 | |||
Oct 15 | 11:00 | Benilde Lady Blazers | 3–0 | UE Lady Warriors | 25–18 | 25–21 | 25–4 | 75–43 | |||
Oct 21 | 14:00 | Benilde Lady Blazers | 3–2 | FEU Lady Tamaraws | 25–19 | 21–25 | 25–15 | 24–26 | 19–17 | 114–102 | |
Oct 21 | 17:00 | UE Lady Warriors | 1–3 | Adamson Lady Falcons | 14–25 | 25–19 | 23–25 | 16–25 | 78–94 | ||
Oct 22 | 11:00 | FEU Lady Tamaraws | 3–0 | UE Lady Warriors | 25–23 | 25–17 | 27–25 | 77–65 | |||
Oct 22 | 14:00 | Adamson Lady Falcons | 3–2 | Benilde Lady Blazers | 25–18 | 10–25 | 17–25 | 25–18 | 15–8 | 92–94 | |
Final round
- All times are Philippine Standard Time (UTC+8:00).
5th place match (Single-elimination) | 5th–8th semifinals (Single-elimination) | Quarterfinals (#1 and #2 with twice-to-beat advantage) | Semifinals (Single-elimination) | Championship (Best-of-three series) | |||||||||||||||||||||
October 29 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
E1 | NU Lady Bulldogs | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
November 4 | F4 | UE Lady Warriors | 0 | November 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
UE Lady Warriors | 3 | NU Lady Bulldogs | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Arellano Lady Chiefs | 0 | October 29 | Adamson Lady Falcons | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
F2 | Adamson Lady Falcons | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
November 10 | E3 | Arellano Lady Chiefs | 0 | November 10–11 | |||||||||||||||||||||
UE Lady Warriors | 2 | NU Lady Bulldogs | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Benilde Lady Blazers | 3 | October 28 | UST Golden Tigresses | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
F1 | FEU Lady Tamaraws | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
November 5 | E4 | Ateneo Blue Eagles | 0 | November 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
7th place match | Ateneo Blue Eagles | 1 | FEU Lady Tamaraws | 1 | 3rd place match | ||||||||||||||||||||
November 10 | Benilde Lady Blazers | 3 | October 28 | UST Golden Tigresses | 3 | November 10–11 | |||||||||||||||||||
Arellano Lady Chiefs | 2 | E2 | UST Golden Tigresses | 2 | 3 | Adamson Lady Falcons | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
Ateneo Blue Eagles | 3 | F3 | Benilde Lady Blazers | 3 | 1 | FEU Lady Tamaraws | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
Quarterfinals
Date | Time | Score | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oct 28 | 14:00 | UST Golden Tigresses | 2–3 | Benilde Lady Blazers | 22–25 | 25–23 | 25–18 | 23–25 | 11–15 | 106–106 | |
Oct 28 | 17:00 | FEU Lady Tamaraws | 3–0 | Ateneo Blue Eagles | 25–19 | 25–18 | 25–18 | 75–55 | |||
Oct 29 | 14:00 | UE Lady Warriors | 0–3 | NU Lady Bulldogs | 19–25 | 21–25 | 23–25 | 63–75 | |||
Oct 29 | 17:00 | Arellano Lady Chiefs | 0–3 | Adamson Lady Falcons | 21–25 | 18–25 | 15–25 | 54–75 | |||
Nov 4 | 11:00 | Benilde Lady Blazers | 1–3 | UST Golden Tigresses | 15–25 | 16–25 | 25–19 | 30–32 | 86–101 | ||
5th–8th semifinals
Date | Time | Score | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nov 4 | 14:00 | UE Lady Warriors | 3–0 | Arellano Lady Chiefs | 25–21 | 25–18 | 25–19 | 75–58 | |||
Nov 5 | 11:00 | Ateneo Blue Eagles | 1–3 | Benilde Lady Blazers | 20–25 | 25–19 | 11–25 | 11–25 | 67–94 | ||
Semifinals
Date | Time | Score | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nov 5 | 14:00 | NU Lady Bulldogs | 3–0 | Adamson Lady Falcons | 25–13 | 26–24 | 25–20 | 76–57 | |||
Nov 5 | 17:00 | FEU Lady Tamaraws | 1–3 | UST Golden Tigresses | 21–25 | 20–25 | 25–19 | 20–25 | 86–94 | ||
7th place match
Date | Time | Score | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nov 10 | 09:00 | Arellano Lady Chiefs | 2–3 | Ateneo Blue Eagles | 16–25 | 25–20 | 22–25 | 25–22 | 11–15 | 99–107 | |
5th place match
Date | Time | Score | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nov 10 | 11:00 | UE Lady Warriors | 2–3 | Benilde Lady Blazers | 12–25 | 25–20 | 25–22 | 27–29 | 4–15 | 93–111 | |
3rd place match
Date | Time | Score | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nov 10 | 14:00 | Adamson Lady Falcons | 2–3 | FEU Lady Tamaraws | 20–25 | 19–25 | 25–12 | 25–14 | 12–15 | 101–91 | |
Nov 11 | 14:00 | FEU Lady Tamaraws | 3–2 | Adamson Lady Falcons | 25–18 | 16–25 | 25–15 | 21–25 | 15–7 | 102–90 | |
Championship match
Date | Time | Score | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nov 10 | 17:00 | NU Lady Bulldogs | 3–1 | UST Golden Tigresses | 21–25 | 25–16 | 25–19 | 25–17 | 96–77 | ||
Nov 11 | 17:00 | UST Golden Tigresses | 1–3 | NU Lady Bulldogs | 17–25 | 25–15 | 20–25 | 20–25 | 82–90 | ||
Final standing
|
Awards and medalists
Individual awards
Award | Player | Team | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Most Valuable Player | Alyssa Jae Solomon | NU Lady Bulldogs | [5] |
1st Best Outside Spiker | Mhicaela Belen | NU Lady Bulldogs | |
2nd Best Outside Spiker | Angeline Poyos | UST Golden Tigresses | |
1st Best Middle Blocker | Erin May Pangilinan | NU Lady Bulldogs | |
2nd Best Middle Blocker | Lorene Grace Toring | Adamson Lady Falcons | |
Best Opposite Spiker | Alyssa Jae Solomon | NU Lady Bulldogs | |
Best Setter | Camila Victoria Lamina | NU Lady Bulldogs | |
Best Libero | Ma. Bernadett Pepito | UST Golden Tigresses |
Medalists
Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|
NU Lady Bulldogs PANGILINAN, Erin May (c) Head Coach: Norman Miguel |
UST Golden Tigresses PEPITO,
Ma. Bernadett (c) Head Coach: Emilio Reyes Jr. |
FEU Lady Tamaraws MEDINA, Nikka Ann (c) Head Coach: Manolo Refugia |
References
- ↑ Villanueva, Ralph Edwin (September 14, 2023). "Shakey's Super League preseason volley tilt draws 16 teams". The Philippine Star. Retrieved September 17, 2023.
- ↑ Agcaoili, Lance (September 14, 2023). "Rebuilding UP, recovering La Salle out of Super League preseason tilt". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved September 17, 2023.
- ↑ @ShakeysLeague (September 15, 2023). "Here is the revised schedule of #ShakeysSuperLeague Pre-Season Champsionship. Games are at the Filoil EcoOil Centre" (Tweet). Retrieved November 10, 2023 – via Twitter.
- ↑ Matel, Philip (September 17, 2023). "UAAP, NCAA champions banner all-collegiate SSL volleyball tourney". Rappler. Retrieved September 17, 2023.
- ↑ Villanueva, Ralph Edwin (November 11, 2023). "Lady Bulldogs edge Tigresses to rule Shakey's Super League tilt anew". The Philippine Star. Retrieved November 14, 2023.