2024 Yemeni airstrikes
Part of the Red Sea crisis, Israel–Hamas war, and the Yemeni civil war

Airstrikes in Yemen
Date12 January 2024 – present
(2 days)
Location
Houthi-held Yemen (Shown in green in the map above)
Status

Ongoing

  • US and UK conduct more than 150 missile strikes targeting Houthi controlled territory in Yemen[1]
Belligerents

 United States
 United Kingdom

Supported by:

 Yemen (SPC)

Commanders and leaders
Units involved
 Yemen Houthi movement Unknown
Strength

United States Navy

 Royal Air Force

 Unknown
Casualties and losses
None

Five killed, six injured (Houthi estimate)[10]

60+ targets destroyed (US estimate)[7]

On the morning of 12 January 2024, the United States and the United Kingdom, with support from Australia, Bahrain, Canada, and the Netherlands, launched a series of air and cruise missile strikes against the Houthis in Yemen in response to Houthi attacks on ships in the Red Sea.[11] The Houthis declared that their attacks are in support of Palestinians during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war, and they were condemned by the United Nations Security Council the day before the strike.[2][12][13][14]

U.S. President Joe Biden ordered the strikes, and UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak convened his cabinet to authorize British participation.[15][16] American officials said the strikes were intended to degrade Houthi capabilities to attack Red Sea targets rather than to kill leaders and Iranian trainers; the Houthis said at least five were killed and six wounded.[14][17]

Background

On 16 February 2021, the Biden administration removed Ansar Allah, the formal political and military organization of the Houthi movement, from the Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) blacklist,[18] due to concerns that the designation would impede the delivery of humanitarian aid amid Yemen's worsening political and socioeconomic crisis, as the Houthis controlled much of the most populated territory in Yemen.[19] In April 2022, the United Nations brokered a ceasefire between the Houthis and Yemen's internationally recognized Presidential Leadership Council (PLC), which, despite formally lapsing the following October, continues to hold as of December 2023.[20]

With the start of the Israel–Hamas war in October 2023, the Iranian-backed,[lower-alpha 1] Houthi-controlled Supreme Political Council declared its support for Hamas and began launching attacks on commercial ships transiting the Red Sea, especially in the Bab el-Mandeb, the narrow strait that connects the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden.[22] While the Houthis initially claimed to target only commercial ships bound for Israeli ports or with some link to Israel,[23] they soon began indiscriminately targeting vessels, attempting attacks on ships with no discernible Israeli ties.[23][24] Israeli National Security Advisor Tzachi Hanegbi warned that "Israel is giving the world some time to organize in order to prevent this but if there isn't to be a global arrangement, because it is a global issue, we will act in order to remove this naval siege."[25] To launch attacks on Red Sea shipping, the Houthis use coastal missile batteries, loitering munitions, and fast attack craft armed with light autocannons, machine guns, and anti-tank missiles.[26]

Before the Houthi attack on the freighter Maersk Hangzhou on 30 December 2023, the United States had shot down a total of 24 Houthi missiles and drones[27] and deployed naval ships to protect Red Sea shipping lanes, but had not engaged directly with the Houthis.[28]

A considerable number of freighters have continued to transit, with mostly large container ships diverting away rather than other shipping, with the strait continuing to be heavily used by bulk carriers and tankers which are under different contract arrangements and often from countries supportive of Gaza's situation so perceiving a minimal risk from ongoing Houthi attacks.[29] In the first week of January 2024 the daily average of transiting vessels included 105 bulk carriers and 58 tankers, down from 115 bulk carriers and 70 tankers the week before.[30] In contrast, six of the ten largest container shipping companies were largely avoiding the Red Sea.[31]

On 3 January 2024, the United States and a group of countries issued an ultimatum to the Houthis to stop their activities.[32] In the days leading up to the strike, members of the US Congress and the Pentagon demanded a strong and deterrent response to the Houthis.[33] One day before the strike, the United Nations Security Council passed a resolution condemning Houthi activities in the Red Sea, in which Russia, China, Algeria and Mozambique abstained.[34][35][36]

Bombing

A US Navy F/A-18 taking off prior to the strikes
Tomahawk missiles being launched from a US destroyer

12 January

The first wave of strikes commenced around 2:30 a.m. Yemen time (UTC+3).[37] American fighter jets, armed with precision-guided bombs, were dispatched from regional bases. Simultaneously, 22 fixed-wing aircraft, including F/A-18s, took off from the aircraft carrier USS Dwight D. Eisenhower. In addition, the surface ships USS Philippine Sea, USS Gravely, and USS Mason, along with the submarine USS Florida, launched Tomahawk cruise missiles.[6] During this first wave of strikes, over 60 targets in 16 separate locations were hit by more than 100 missiles. Approximately 30 to 60 minutes later, a second wave struck dozens more targets in 12 additional locations using over 50 missiles.[7][38]

The BBC reported four Royal Air Force Typhoon jets deployed from the RAF Akrotiri airbase in Cyprus participated in the strike.[39] Two Royal Air Force Voyager air-to-air refueling tankers supported the mission.[6] The Ministry of Defence announced that it had targeted two sites. The first site, located at Bani in northwestern Yemen, had been used to launch reconnaissance and attack drones. The second site was the Abs Airport, which, according to the MoD, had been utilized for launching both cruise missiles and drones over the Red Sea.[3] Explosions were reported in Sanaa, Hodeidah and Dhamar. The targets included logistics centres, air defense systems and weapons storage sites. According to Al-Masirah, a Houthi-run news channel, Hodeida International Airport, Taiz International Airport, al-Dailami Air Base (which shares the runway with Sanaa International Airport), an airport near Hajjah, and a camp east of Saada were hit.[2]

13 January

At 3:45 a.m. Yemen time (UTC+3) the US unilaterally performed an additional strike on a radar site near Sanaa,[7][40] which Al-Masirah reported was at al-Dailami Air Base.[41] The US Central Command said the "follow-on action" was conducted by the destroyer USS Carney using Tomahawk missiles.[42] Later in the day, another attack was reported in Hodeida targeting a rocket launch site on the city's outskirts.[43]

Assessments

According to Lt. Gen. Douglas Sims, the director of the US military's Joint Staff, the strikes successfully achieved their objective of damaging the Houthis' ability to launch complex drone and missile attacks similar to the one they conducted on 10 January. Two U.S. officials, speaking to The New York Times, estimated that the strikes had damaged or destroyed about 20 to 30 percent of the Houthis' offensive capability. Despite damaging or destroying about 90 percent of the targets struck, the officials added that locating Houthi targets had proved to be more challenging than anticipated.[44]

Reactions

Domestic

Yemeni government

The internationally recognized government of Yemen issued a statement to Saba News Agency strongly condemning military actions by the Houthis blaming them for "dragging the country into a military confrontation arena for propaganda purposes" and "misleadingly linking it to support for Palestinians".

The government reaffirmed its right to enhance security in the Red Sea region, saying stability there and globally "cannot be achieved except by restoring the legitimate state institutions in Yemen." Reaffirming its support for the Palestinian cause, the Yemeni government warned that "the Israeli aggression in occupied territories risks further destabilizing the region and threatening international peace and security".[45]

Houti government

Protests in the Yemeni capital, Sana'a, in the aftermath of the missile strikes

The Houthi deputy foreign minister Hussein al-Izzi called the attacks "blatant aggression" and said the US and UK would "pay a heavy price" in an interview with Al-Masirah.[4] Similarly, high-ranking Houthi official Ali al-Qahoum vowed there would be retaliation.[2] Mohammed Abdulsalam, a spokesman for the group, announced that the Houthis would continue to target Israeli ships or any ships heading to "the ports of occupied Palestine," saying that the US and UK were wrong to think that the strikes "would deter Yemen from supporting Palestine and Gaza".[4]

Mohammed al-Bukhaiti, a Houthi senior official, stated, "Every individual in this world is faced with two choices that have no third: Either to stand with the victims of genocide or to stand with its perpetrators."[46]

Following the initial strikes on 12 January, protests attended by hundreds of thousands of people were held in Sanaa and in other Houthi-controlled cities such as Hodeida and Ibb, to denounce the US and British military actions, with demonstrators chanting "Death to America" and "Death to Israel".[47]

Participants

United States

Reactions from the US Congress were mixed, with some supporting the strikes and others condemning Biden for using military force without congressional approval. Some critics said that in accordance with Article 1 of the Constitution, Biden needed to seek authorization from Congress before initiating military action.[48] Under Article Two of the United States Constitution, the president has the limited authority to take defensive military action without Congressional approval, though supporters and opponents of the strikes disagree that the strikes can be considered defensive. Legal experts have argued that ambiguity in existing law allows for Congress to place limits on the president's authority to take military action without its approval.[49] Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell welcomed the action but said the president's decision was overdue.[48] Biden said that he has sent a message to Iran with the Yemen strikes.[50]

Joe Biden stated that the "defensive action follows this extensive diplomatic campaign and Houthi rebels' escalating attacks against commercial vessels" and added that he would "not hesitate to direct further measures to protect our people and the free flow of international commerce as necessary".[51]

Protesters from Code Pink and the ANSWER Coalition gathered outside the White House several hours after the strikes. In New York City, pro-Palestinian protestors gathered at Times Square.[52]

United Kingdom

Rishi Sunak said that the strikes stemmed from the principle of self-defense. He also confirmed that the UK received non-operational assistance and support from the Netherlands, Canada, and Bahrain.[3][53]

The UK noted that initial indications suggest the Houthis' ability to threaten commercial shipping has "taken a blow".[9] The Liberal Democrats and the Green Party of England and Wales, criticized the government for bypassing parliament, while the leader of the Scottish National Party in the House of Commons, Stephen Flynn, said "It is incumbent upon the UK Government to appraise Parliament as soon as possible and MPs must therefore be recalled to Westminster".[54]

Other countries

  •  Australia: Defence minister Richard Marles said to reporters the decision to launch the strikes "was not taken lightly",[55] saying that the action taken was about "maintaining freedom of navigation on the high seas".[56] The Australian Greens condemned the government, stating that support for US and British strikes amounted to "a dangerous escalation at a time for peace".[57]
  •  Canada: Foreign minister Mélanie Joly and Defence minister Bill Blair endorsed the attacks, with both of them stating the strikes were "consistent with the UN Charter".[58]
  •  China: Foreign ministry spokesperson Mao Ning urged restraint.[59]
  •  Cyprus: Foreign ministry spokesman Theodoros Gotsis said that the Cypriot government was in "constant communication with the UK" within the framework set by the Treaty of Establishment regarding the use of British military bases in the country. He also called for an "immediate end to all actions that threaten free and safe navigation", given the country's "significant maritime footprint" in the region. The Cyprus Peace Council said British participation in the airstrikes in Yemen was turning Cyprus into a "war base" and announced plans to hold a demonstration outside the RAF Akrotiri base on 14 January.[60]
  •  Denmark: Foreign minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen stated Denmark's full support for the strikes.[61]
  •  Egypt: The foreign ministry expressed "deep concern" over the escalation of military operations in the Red Sea and air strikes in Yemen, and has also called for "uniting" international and regional efforts to reduce instability in the region.[61]
  •  France: Foreign minister Stéphane Séjourné reaffirmed France's condemnation of Houthi strikes on commercial vessels, stating that "with those armed actions, the Houthis bear the extremely serious responsibility of the escalation in the region".[61] However, the French government did not express support for the US and UK air strikes.[62]
  •  Germany: Foreign minister Annalena Baerbock expressed the German government's political support for the military strike, and said it was carried out "in accordance with the individual and collective right to self-defense of the United Nations Charter".[63]
  •  Iran: The foreign ministry condemned the strikes as a "clear violation of Yemen's sovereignty and territorial integrity" and a violation of international laws.[4]
  •  Netherlands: Prime minister Mark Rutte expressed support for the attacks, stating "the US-British action is based on the right of self-defence, aims to protect free passage and is focused on de-escalation."[61]
  •  New Zealand: Foreign minister Winston Peters and Defence minister Judith Collins expressed support for the strikes, with Peters stating that the "strikes support international security and trade, on which New Zealanders rely". Collins remarked that the strikes were "a good example of the international community uniting to address a serious threat to international security".[64]
  •  Oman: Foreign ministers Sayyid Badr Al-Busaidi said the attack went against his country's advice and that it would only add fuel to an extremely dangerous situation. State media reported that the government denounced the military action from "friendly countries".[61]
  •  Russia: Foreign ministry spokesperson Maria Zakharova condemned the attack.[65] Presidential spokesperson Dmitry Peskov called the strikes "illegitimate" under international law but also called on the Houthis to stop attacking commercial vessels, which he described as "extremely wrong".[66]
  •  Saudi Arabia: The foreign ministry called for restraint.[67]
  •  Turkey: President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan accused the United Kingdom of attempting to make the region surrounding the Red Sea "a sea of blood".[68]

Militant groups

  •  Hamas: The senior official Sami Abu Zuhri said in a press statement that "the US-UK aggression against the Yemeni forces' sites provokes the entire nation and indicates the intention to expand the conflict zone beyond Gaza's boundaries, which has repercussions".[69]
  •  Hezbollah: The Media Relation Office condemned "the blatant US-UK aggression against brotherly Yemen, its security and sovereignty".[70]
  •  Palestinian Islamic Jihad: In a press statement, the group expressed support for the Houthis and argued that "this aggression comes as part of the US and UK military aid to Israel and proves that the US administration is the one responsible for the Israeli genocidal war against the Palestinian people in Gaza".[69]
  •  Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine: In a statement the group condemned the strikes against Yemen and stated that the "Evil coalition's malicious goals are not to protect maritime navigation in the Red Sea, but rather to protect the security of the Zionist entity."[71]
  • Prior to the strikes, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq said that if Yemen is attacked by the US and UK, "we will attack the Americans' base with everything in our power".[72] After the initial airstrikes, there were reports of a bomb and sirens being heard at the US Embassy in Iraq.[73]

Intergovernmental organizations

  •  NATO: A spokesperson said "these strikes were defensive and designed to preserve freedom of navigation in one of the world's most vital waterways."[61]
  •  United Nations: A spokesperson for secretary-general Antonio Guterres said that he called for all sides "not to escalate the situation in the interest of peace and stability in the Red Sea and the wider region."[61]

Notes

  1. ↑ Both Iran and the Houthi movement deny that Iran is involved or is backing the Houthis.[21]

References

  1. ↑ Ali, Idrees; Stewart, Phil (12 January 2024). "US optimistic Yemen strikes degraded Houthi capabilities". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Baldor, Lolita; Copp, Tara (11 January 2024). "US, British militaries launch massive retaliatory strike against Iranian-backed Houthis in Yemen". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Rathbone, John Paul; Parker, George; Fisher, Lucy; Schwartz, Felicia (12 January 2024). "US and UK launch strikes against Houthi rebels in Yemen". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "US and UK launch strikes against Houthi rebels in Yemen". BBC News.
  5. 1 2 3 Mongilio, Heather (11 January 2024). "U.S. Strikes Houthi Targets in Yemen From Air, Surface and Subsurface". U.S. Naval Institute. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 "US and UK carry out strikes against Iran-backed Houthis in Yemen". CNN. 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Nereim, Vivian; Cooper, Helene; Fuller, Thomas (13 January 2024). "U.S. Strikes Against Houthis in Yemen for Second Day, as Conflict Escalates". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  8. ↑ "US, UK launch large-scale retaliatory strikes against Iran-backed Houthi militants in Yemen". Yahoo News. 12 January 2024.
  9. 1 2 3 "Air strikes against Houthi military targets in Yemen". Government of the United Kingdom. 12 January 2024. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  10. ↑ "US, Britain carry out strikes against Houthis in Yemen". Reuters. 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  11. ↑ Watson, Eleanor (11 January 2024). "U.S. and U.K. striking Houthi targets in Yemen to retaliate for spate of attacks". CBS News. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  12. ↑ Landay, Jonathan; Mohammed, Arshad (11 January 2024). "UN Security Council demands Houthis stop Red Sea attacks". Reuters. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024.
  13. ↑ Kube, Courtney; Stelloh, Tim (11 January 2024). "U.S. and Britain launch strikes against targets in Houthi-controlled Yemen". NBC News. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  14. 1 2 Schmitt, Eric; Cooper, Helene (11 January 2024). "U.S. Missiles Strike Targets in Yemen Linked to the Houthi Militia". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  15. ↑ Liebermann, Oren; Britzky, Haley; Bertrand, Natasha; Marquardt, Alex; Lee, MJ; Hansler, Jennifer (11 January 2024). "US and UK carry out airstrikes against Iran-backed Houthis in Yemen". CNN. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  16. ↑ Wickham, Alex; McBride, Courtney (11 January 2024). "UK's Sunak Authorizes Joint Military Strikes With US Against Houthis". Bloomberg. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  17. ↑ Gambrell, Jon (12 January 2024). "Houthi rebels say US-led strikes in Yemen killed 5 people and wounded 6, raising Mideast tensions". Associated Press.
  18. ↑ Hummel, Kristina (21 October 2022). "The Houthi Jihad Council: Command and Control in 'the Other Hezbollah'". Combating Terrorism Center at West Point. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  19. ↑ "Revocation of the Terrorist Designations of Ansarallah". United States Department of State. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  20. ↑ Stark, Alexandra (13 December 2023). "A Precarious Moment for Yemen's Truce". RAND Corporation. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  21. ↑ "Who are Yemen's Houthis? Iran-allied group threatens Red Sea shipping". Reuters. 14 December 2023. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  22. ↑ Santana, Rebecca (31 December 2023). "Houthis show no sign of ending 'reckless' Red Sea attacks as trade traffic picks up, commander says". Associated Press.
  23. 1 2 Stewart, Phil (4 January 2024). "Houthi drone boat detonates in Red Sea a day after US warning". Reuters.
  24. ↑ Diakun, Bridget; Raanan, Tomer (15 December 2023). "Houthis target tenth ship in Red Sea as attacks turn increasingly indiscriminate". Lloyd's List.
  25. ↑ Michaelis, Tamar; Chen, Heather (10 January 2024). "Israel ready to act against Houthi rebels if international community fails to, national security adviser says". CNN. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  26. ↑ Sutton, H I (13 October 2018). "Houthi_Navy". Covert Shores. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  27. ↑ Tegler, Eric. "Destroyers Shot Down 24 Houthi Missiles And Drones: That'll Be $17 Million". Forbes. Retrieved 12 January 2024. ...Defense officials told CNN that U.S. and U.K. Navy destroyers shot down a total of 24 Houthi missiles and drones launched from Yemen.
  28. ↑ Sanger, David; Schmitt, Eric; Shankar, Vivek (31 December 2023). "U.S. Helicopters Sink 3 Houthi Boats in Red Sea, Pentagon Says". The New York Times.
  29. ↑ Miller, Greg (20 December 2023). "Red Sea fallout much greater for containers than tankers, bulkers". FreightWaves. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  30. ↑ "Houthi leader tells ships to deny Israel links on AIS". Lloyd's List Intelligence. 8 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  31. ↑ Ziady, Hanna (12 January 2024). "How the Red Sea crisis could clobber the global economy". CNN. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  32. ↑ Miller, Zeke; Madhani, Amer (3 January 2024). "US warns Houthis to cease attacks on Red Sea vessels or face potential military action". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  33. ↑ Youssef, Nancy; Faucon, Benoit; Paris, Costas; Al-Batati, Saleh (11 January 2024). "U.S.-Led Coalition Launches Strikes on Multiple Houthi Rebel Targets in Yemen". The Wall Street Journal.
  34. ↑ "Adopting Resolution 2722 (2024) by Recorded Vote, Security Council Demands Houthis Immediately Stop Attacks on Merchant, Commercial Vessels in Red Sea". UN Press. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  35. ↑ Xinhua News. "UN Security Council adopts resolution on Red Sea attacks by Houthis". Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  36. ↑ "Adopting Resolution 2722 (2024) with 11 Votes in Favour, 1 Against, Security Council Demands Houthis Immediately Stop Attacks on Merchant, Commercial Vessels..." The National Tribune. 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  37. ↑ Jennifer Jacobs; Anthony Capaccio; Mohammed Hatem (11 January 2024). "US and UK Strike Yemen's Houthis After Red Sea Ship Attacks". Bloomberg News.
  38. ↑ Schmitt, Eric; Cooper, Helene (11 January 2024). "U.S. Missiles Strike Targets in Yemen Linked to the Houthi Militia". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024.
  39. ↑ "US and UK strikes target Houthi rebels in Yemen". BBC News. 12 January 2024. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  40. ↑ Ali, Idrees; Stewart, Phil; Ghobari, Mohammed (13 January 2024). "U.S. carries out new strike in Yemen after Biden vows to keep pressure on". Reuters. Archived from the original on 13 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  41. ↑ White, Josh (13 January 2024). "US launches fresh air strike on Houthis". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  42. ↑ Gambrell, Jon; Copp, Tara; Madhani, Aameer; Baldor, Lolita (13 January 2024). "US military strikes another Houthi-controlled site after warning ships to avoid parts of Red Sea". Associated Press. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  43. ↑ "New Strike Hits Rebel-held Yemen Port City: Security Sources". Barron's. 13 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  44. ↑ Schmitt, Eric (13 January 2024). "Much of Houthis' Offensive Capability Remains Intact After U.S.-led Airstrikes". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  45. ↑ "Yemeni gov't blames Houthis for "dragging country into confrontation"". Xinhua News Agency. 12 January 2024.
  46. ↑ "Houthi official says war now between supporters of genocide in Gaza and those against". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  47. ↑ "Massive protest in Sanaa after US, UK strikes on Yemen rebels". France 24. 12 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  48. 1 2 Singh, Kanishka; Beech, Eric (12 January 2024). "Reactions to US, British strikes against Houthis in Yemen". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024.
  49. ↑ Zengerle, Patricia (12 January 2024). "Explainer: Did Biden break the law by ordering Yemen airstrikes?". Reuters.
  50. ↑ Liptak, Kevin (12 January 2024). "Biden says he's sent a message to Iran with Yemen strikes, calls Houthis a terrorist organization". KVTZ. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  51. ↑ "Statement from President Joe Biden on Coalition Strikes in Houthi-Controlled Areas in Yemen". The White House. 12 January 2024. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  52. ↑ Singh, Kanishka (11 January 2024). "Anti-war activists in New York City, Washington protest U.S., UK strikes in Yemen". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  53. ↑ "4 Negara Ikut AS-Inggris Gempur Yaman, Ada Negara Arab dan Tetangga RI". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  54. ↑ Mason, Chris (12 January 2024). "A landmark moment for Rishi Sunak, but uncertainty abounds". BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  55. ↑ Doherty, Ben; Butler, Josh (12 January 2024). "Australia supports US and UK airstrikes on Houthi targets in Yemen". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  56. ↑ "Defence minister says Australian personnel aided US-led strikes on Houthis in Yemen". SBS News. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  57. ↑ "Australian support for US and UK strikes on Yemen is a dangerous escalation at a time for peace". Australian Greens. 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  58. ↑ Aiello, Rachel (12 January 2024). "Trudeau, Poilievre back U.S., U.K. strikes against Houthis in Yemen". www.ctvnews.ca. BellMedia. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  59. ↑ Chang, Wayne (12 January 2024). "China urges restraint in Red Sea following coalition strikes on Houthis". CNN. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  60. ↑ "Cyprus 'not involved' in UK strikes on Yemen from island". France 24. 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  61. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "World reacts to US, UK attacks on Houthi targets in Yemen". www.aljazeera.com. Al Jazeera Media Network. 12 January 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  62. ↑ Crisp, James; Badcock, James; Samuel, Henry; Squires, Nick (12 January 2024). "France refused to support British and US airstrikes on Houthis". www.telegraph.co.uk. Telegraph Media Group. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  63. ↑ "Baerbock: Bundesregierung stützt Angriffe auf Huthi-Rebellen". FAZ.NET (in German). 12 January 2024. ISSN 0174-4909. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  64. ↑ Collins, Judith; Peters, Winston (12 January 2024). "NZ support for strikes against Houthis". www.beehive.govt.nz. New Zealand Government. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  65. ↑ "Moscow Condemns US Strikes in Yemen". Tasnim News. 12 January 2024. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024.
  66. ↑ "Moscow Blasts U.S.-British Strikes in Yemen". The Moscow Times. 12 January 2024. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  67. ↑ Maher, Hatem (12 January 2024). "Saudi Arabia calls for restraint after air strikes on Yemen". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  68. ↑ Sedghi, Amy; Ahmad, Reged (12 January 2024). "Middle East crisis live: Erdoğan says Britain turning Red Sea into 'sea of blood' as Houthis vow retaliation for US and UK strikes". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  69. 1 2 "Hamas, Islamic Jihad condemn the US-UK attacks on Yemen". Palestinian Information Center. 12 January 2024.
  70. ↑ "Hezbollah firmly condemns US-UK aggression on Yemen". Mehr News Agency. 12 January 2024.
  71. ↑ "الجبهة الشعبية تدين العدوان الأمريكي البريطاني على اليمن". Yemen News Agency (in Arabic). 12 January 2024.
  72. ↑ "Iran-backed militias in Iraq: if Yemen is attacked, we will hit US base". The Jerusalem Post. 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  73. ↑ "Israel-Hamas War: What happened on day 97?". The Jerusalem Post. 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
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