29th Alberta Legislature
Majority parliament
11 June 2015 – 19 March 2019
Parliament leaders
PremierRachel Notley
May 24, 2015 — April 30, 2019
CabinetNotley cabinet
Leader of the
Opposition		Brian Jean
May 5, 2015 — July 23, 2017
Nathan Cooper
July 24, 2017 — October 29, 2017
Jason Nixon
October 30, 2017 – January 3, 2018
Jason Kenney
January 4, 2018 – April 15, 2019
Party caucuses
GovernmentNew Democratic Party
OppositionWildrose Party
until July 24, 2017
United Conservative Party
since July 24, 2017
RecognizedProgressive Conservative Association
until July 24, 2017
UnrecognizedLiberal Party
Alberta Party
Freedom Conservative
Legislative Assembly
Speaker of the
Assembly		Bob Wanner
June 11, 2015 — May 20, 2019
Government
House Leader		Brian Mason
May 21, 2015 — March 19, 2019
Opposition
House Leader		Nathan Cooper
June 1, 2015 — July 24, 2017
Richard Gotfried
July 25, 2017 — October 29, 2017
Members87 MLA seats
Sovereign
MonarchElizabeth II
February 6, 1952 — September 8, 2022
Lieutenant
Governor		Hon. Donald Ethell
May 11, 2010 — June 12, 2015
Hon. Lois Mitchell
June 12, 2015 — August 26, 2020
Sessions
1st session
June 15, 2015 – 2016
2nd session
March 8, 2016 – December 14, 2016
3rd session
March 2, 2017 – March 8, 2018
4th session
March 8, 2018 – March 18, 2019
5th session
March 18, 2019 – March 19, 2019
← 28th → 30th

The 29th Alberta Legislative Assembly was constituted after the general election on May 5, 2015. The New Democrats, led by Rachel Notley, won a majority of seats and formed the government. The Wildrose Party, which won the second most seats, formed the official opposition until July 2017, when it merged with the Progressive Conservatives, to become the United Conservative Party, which then became the official opposition.

Membership in the 29th Alberta Legislative Assembly

Member Party Constituency
  Angela Pitt Wildrose (2015–2017) Airdrie
  United Conservative (2017–2019)
  Colin Piquette New Democrat Athabasca-Sturgeon-Redwater
  Cam Westhead New Democrat Banff-Cochrane
  Glenn van Dijken Wildrose (2015–2017) Barrhead-Morinville-Westlock
  United Conservative (2017–2019)
  Wes Taylor Wildrose (2015–2017) Battle River-Wainwright
  United Conservative (2017–2019)
  Scott Cyr Wildrose (2015–2017) Bonnyville-Cold Lake
  United Conservative (2017–2019)
  Brandy Payne New Democrat Calgary-Acadia
  Deborah Drever New Democrat (2015) Calgary-Bow
  Independent (2015–2016)
  New Democrat (2016–2019)
  Kathleen Ganley New Democrat Calgary-Buffalo
  Ricardo Miranda New Democrat Calgary-Cross
  Brian Malkinson New Democrat Calgary-Currie
  Robyn Luff New Democrat (2015–2018) Calgary-East
  Independent (2018–present)
  Greg Clark Alberta Party Calgary-Elbow
  Richard Gotfried Progressive Conservative (2015–2017) Calgary-Fish Creek
  United Conservative (2017–2019)
  Vacant (2015) Calgary-Foothills
  Prasad Panda[1] Wildrose (2015–2017)
  United Conservative (2017–2019)
  Joe Ceci New Democrat Calgary-Fort
  Anam Kazim New Democrat Calgary-Glenmore
  Manmeet Bhullar (2015) Progressive Conservative Calgary-Greenway
  Vacant (2015–2016)
  Prabhdeep Gill (2016–2019) Progressive Conservative (2016–2017)
  United Conservative (2017–2018)
  Independent (2018–2019)
  Michael Connolly New Democrat Calgary-Hawkwood
  Ric McIver Progressive Conservative (2015–2017) Calgary-Hays
  United Conservative (2017–2019)
  Craig Coolahan New Democrat Calgary-Klein
  Dave Rodney (2015–2017) Progressive Conservative (2015–2017) Calgary-Lougheed
  United Conservative (2017)
  Vacant (2017)
  Jason Kenney (2017–2019) United Conservative
  Karen McPherson New Democrat (2015–2017) Calgary-Mackay-Nose Hill
  Independent (2017)
  Alberta Party (2017–2019)
  Irfan Sabir New Democrat Calgary-McCall
  David Swann Liberal Calgary-Mountain View
  Sandra Jansen Progressive Conservative (2015–2016) Calgary-North West
  New Democrat (2016–2019)
  Jamie Kleinsteuber New Democrat Calgary-Northern Hills
  Graham Sucha New Democrat Calgary-Shaw
  Rick Fraser Progressive Conservative (2015–2017) Calgary-South East
  United Conservative (2017)
  Independent (2017–2018)
  Alberta Party (2018–2019)
  Stephanie McLean New Democrat 2015–2019 Calgary-Varsity
  Vacant (2019)
  Mike Ellis Progressive Conservative (2015–2017) Calgary-West
  United Conservative (2017–2019)
  Grant Hunter Wildrose (2015–2017) Cardston-Taber-Warner
  United Conservative (2017–2019)
  Leela Aheer Wildrose (2015–2017) Chestermere-Rocky View
  United Conservative (2017–2019)
  Drew Barnes Wildrose (2015–2017) Cypress-Medicine Hat
  United Conservative (2017–2019)
  Mark Smith Wildrose (2015–2017) Drayton Valley-Devon
  United Conservative (2017–2019)
  Rick Strankman Wildrose (2015–2017) Drumheller-Stettler
  United Conservative (2017–2019)
  Independent (2019)
  Margaret McCuaig-Boyd New Democrat Dunvegan-Central Peace-Notley
  Deron Bilous New Democrat Edmonton-Beverly-Clareview
  David Eggen New Democrat Edmonton-Calder
  Nicole Goehring New Democrat Edmonton-Castle Downs
  David Shepherd New Democrat Edmonton-Centre
  Chris Nielsen New Democrat Edmonton-Decore
  Rod Loyola New Democrat Edmonton-Ellerslie
  Sarah Hoffman New Democrat Edmonton-Glenora
  Marlin Schmidt New Democrat Edmonton-Gold Bar
  Brian Mason New Democrat Edmonton-Highlands-Norwood
  Heather Sweet New Democrat Edmonton-Manning
  Lorne Dach New Democrat Edmonton-McClung
  Jon Carson New Democrat Edmonton-Meadowlark
  Denise Woollard New Democrat Edmonton-Mill Creek
  Christina Gray New Democrat Edmonton-Mill Woods
  Lori Sigurdson New Democrat Edmonton-Riverview
  Richard Feehan New Democrat Edmonton-Rutherford
  Thomas Dang New Democrat Edmonton-South West
  Rachel Notley New Democrat Edmonton-Strathcona
  Bob Turner New Democrat Edmonton-Whitemud
  Brian Jean (2015–2018) Wildrose (2015–2017) Fort McMurray-Conklin
  United Conservative (2017–2018)
  Vacant (2018)
  Laila Goodridge (2018–2019) United Conservative
  Tany Yao Wildrose (2015–2017) Fort McMurray-Wood Buffalo
  United Conservative (2017–2019)
  Jessica Littlewood New Democrat Fort Saskatchewan-Vegreville
  Todd Loewen Wildrose (2015–2017) Grande Prairie-Smoky
  United Conservative (2017–2019)
  Wayne Drysdale Progressive Conservative (2015–2017) Grande Prairie-Wapiti
  United Conservative (2017–2019)
  Wayne Anderson Wildrose (2015–2017) Highwood
  United Conservative (2017–2019)
  Don MacIntyre (2015–2018) Wildrose (2015–2017) Innisfail-Sylvan Lake
  United Conservative (2017–2018)
  Independent (2018)
  Vacant (2018)
  Devin Dreeshen (2018–2019) United Conservative
  Dave Hanson Wildrose (2015–2017) Lac La Biche-St. Paul-Two Hills
  United Conservative (2017–2019)
  Ron Orr Wildrose (2015–2017) Lacombe-Ponoka
  United Conservative (2017–2019)
  Shaye Anderson New Democrat Leduc-Beaumont
  Danielle Larivee New Democrat Lesser Slave Lake
  Maria Fitzpatrick New Democrat Lethbridge-East
  Shannon Phillips New Democrat Lethbridge-West
  Dave Schneider Wildrose (2015–2017) Little Bow
  United Conservative (2017–2019)
  Pat Stier Wildrose (2015–2017) Livingstone-Macleod
  United Conservative (2017–2019)
  Bob Wanner New Democrat Medicine Hat
  Nathan Cooper Wildrose (2015–2017) Olds-Didsbury-Three Hills
  United Conservative (2017–2019)
  Debbie Jabbour New Democrat Peace River
  Kim Schreiner New Democrat Red Deer-North
  Barb Miller New Democrat Red Deer-South
  Jason Nixon Wildrose (2015–2017) Rimbey-Rocky Mountain House-Sundre
  United Conservative (2017–2019)
  Annie McKitrick New Democrat Sherwood Park
  Trevor Horne New Democrat Spruce Grove-St. Albert
  Marie Renaud New Democrat St. Albert
  Erin Babcock New Democrat Stony Plain
  Estefania Cortes-Vargas New Democrat Strathcona-Sherwood Park
  Derek Fildebrandt Wildrose (2015–2017) Strathmore-Brooks
  United Conservative (2017)
  Independent (2017–2018)
  Freedom Conservative (2018–2019)
  Richard Starke Progressive Conservative Vermilion-Lloydminster
  Eric Rosendahl New Democrat West Yellowhead
  Bruce Hinkley New Democrat Wetaskiwin-Camrose
  Oneil Carlier New Democrat Whitecourt-Ste. Anne

Seating plan

As of July 2017

Dach Taylor Hunter Orr Cyr Strankman Schneider Anderson Stier Fraser Starke
Sucha Hinkley van Dijken MacIntyre Panda Hanson Yao Pitt Loewen Ellis Drysdale Gotfried
Jabbour Sweet Smith Barnes Nixon Cooper Jean Aheer Fildebrandt Rodney McIver Gill Swann Clark
Wanner
McLean Feehan Carlier Phillips Sigurdson Bilous Ganley Mason Notley Ceci Hoffman Eggen McCuaig-Boyd Sabir Larivee Miranda Gray
Rosendahl Luff Jansen Piquette Miller Goehring Schmidt Cortes-Vargas Westhead Payne Anderson Littlewood Shepherd Babcock Coolahan McPherson
Woollard Kleinsteuber Turner Dang Drever Nielsen Schreiner Connolly Loyola Renaud Malkinson McKitrick Fitzpatrick Carson Kazim Horne

Official Seating Plan (Retrieved July 19, 2017)

As of March 14, 2018

The merger of the Wildrose and Progressive Conservatives in late July 2017 created the United Conservative caucus, which was recognized by the Speaker's office as the official opposition,[2] among other changes to party affiliations. The seating plan was therefore altered for the fall sitting.

Stier Anderson Taylor Schneider Orr Starke Fildebrandt
Sucha Hinkley Hanson van Dijken Cyr Loewen Gill Pitt Yao Hunter Gotfried Swann Clark
Jabbour Sweet Cooper Ellis Strankman McIver Nixon Kenney Aheer Panda Barnes Drysdale Smith Fraser McPherson
Wanner
McLean Feehan Carlier Phillips Sigurdson Bilous Ganley Mason Notley Ceci Hoffman McCuaig-Boyd Eggen Sabir Larivee Miranda Gray
Luff Piquette Miller Goehring Littlewood Jansen Schmidt Cortes-Vargas Westhead Payne Anderson McKitrick Shepherd Babcock Coolahan Rosendahl
Woollard Kleinsteuber Turner Dang Drever Nielsen Schreiner Connolly Loyola Renaud Malkinson Dach Fitzpatrick Carson Kazim Horne

Official Seating Plan (Retrieved March 14, 2018)

By-elections to the 29th Legislative Assembly

By-electionDateIncumbentPartyWinnerPartyCauseRetained
Calgary-Foothills September 3, 2015 None Prasad Panda Wildrose Jim Prentice disclaimed his victory on election night. No
Calgary-Greenway March 22, 2016 Manmeet Bhullar Progressive Conservative Prabhdeep Gill Progressive Conservative Bhullar was killed in a motor vehicle collision on November 23, 2015. Yes
Calgary-Lougheed December 14, 2017 Dave Rodney United Conservative Jason Kenney United Conservative Rodney resigned to allow Jason Kenney a seat in the Legislature. Yes
Innisfail-Sylvan Lake July 12, 2018 Don MacIntyre United Conservative[lower-alpha 1] Devin Dreeshen United Conservative MacIntyre resigned to return to private life, and is facing charges of sexual assault. Yes
Fort McMurray-Conklin July 12, 2018 Brian Jean United Conservative Laila Goodridge United Conservative Jean retired from politics to focus on his personal life. Yes
  1. ↑ Resigned from the United Conservative caucus to sit as an independent shortly before resigning as MLA.

Standings changes since the 29th general election

Number of members
per party by date		 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
May 5 May 22 Sep 3 Nov 23 Jan 8 Mar 22 Nov 17 Jul 24 Aug 15 Sep 21 Oct 4 Oct 29 Nov 1 Dec 14 Jan 9 Feb 2 Feb 5 March 5 July 12 July 14 July 18 Nov 9 Jan 2 Jan 15
New Democratic 54 53 54 55 54 53 52
United Conservative 0 29 28 27 26 27 26 25 27 26 25
Wildrose 21 22 0
Progressive Conservative 9 8 9 8 1
Liberal 1
Alberta Party 1 2 3
Freedom Conservative 0 1
Independent 0 1 0 1 2 3 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 3
Total members 86 87 86 87 86 87 86 85 87 86
Vacant 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 0 1


Membership changes in the 29th Assembly
Date Name District From To Reason
May 5, 2015 See list of members Election day of the 29th Alberta general election
May 5, 2015 Jim Prentice Calgary-Foothills █ PC █ Vacant Disclaimed seat[1]
May 22, 2015 Deborah Drever Calgary-Bow █ New Democratic █ Independent Suspended from NDP caucus[3]
September 3, 2015 Prasad Panda Calgary-Foothills █ Vacant █ Wildrose Wins by-election
November 23, 2015 Manmeet Bhullar Calgary-Greenway █ PC █ Vacant Death (car accident)
January 8, 2016 Deborah Drever Calgary-Bow █ Independent █ New Democratic Rejoined NDP caucus[4]
March 22, 2016 Prabhdeep Gill Calgary-Greenway █ Vacant █ PC Wins by-election[5]
November 17, 2016 Sandra Jansen Calgary-North West █ PC █ New Democratic Crossed floor to NDP after alleging a PC Party leadership candidate had harassed her.[6]
July 24, 2017 Angela Pitt Airdrie █ Wildrose █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Glenn van Dijken Barrhead-Morinville-Westlock █ Wildrose █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Wes Taylor Battle River-Wainwright █ Wildrose █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Scott Cyr Bonnyville-Cold Lake █ Wildrose █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Richard Gotfried Calgary-Fish Creek █ PC █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Prasad Panda Calgary-Foothills █ Wildrose █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Prab Gill Calgary-Greenway █ PC █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Ric McIver Calgary-Hays █ PC █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Dave Rodney Calgary-Lougheed █ PC █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Rick Fraser Calgary-South East █ PC █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Mike Ellis Calgary-West █ PC █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Grant Hunter Cardston-Taber-Warner █ Wildrose █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Leela Aheer Chestermere-Rocky View █ Wildrose █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Drew Barnes Cypress-Medicine Hat █ Wildrose █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Mark Smith Drayton Valley-Devon █ Wildrose █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Rick Strankman Drumheller-Stettler █ Wildrose █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Brian Jean Fort McMurray-Conklin █ Wildrose █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Tany Yao Fort McMurray-Wood Buffalo █ Wildrose █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Todd Loewen Grande Prairie-Smoky █ Wildrose █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Wayne Drysdale Grande Prairie-Wapiti █ Wildrose █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Wayne Anderson Highwood █ PC █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Don MacIntyre Innisfail-Sylvan Lake █ Wildrose █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Dave Hanson Lac La Biche-St. Paul-Two Hills █ Wildrose █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Ron Orr Lacombe-Ponoka █ Wildrose █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Dave Schneider Little Bow █ Wildrose █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Pat Stier Livingstone-Macleod █ Wildrose █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Nathan Cooper Olds-Didsbury-Three Hills █ Wildrose █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Jason Nixon Rimbey-Rocky Mountain House-Sundre █ Wildrose █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
July 24, 2017 Derek Fildebrandt Strathmore-Brooks █ Wildrose █ United Cons. Crossed floor to UCP following Wildrose/PC merger.
August 15, 2017 Derek Fildebrandt Strathmore-Brooks █ United Cons. █ Independent Resigned from UCP caucus following an expenses scandal.[7]
September 21, 2017 Rick Fraser Calgary-South East █ United Cons. █ Independent Resigned from UCP caucus to sit as an independent.
October 4, 2017 Karen McPherson Calgary-Mackay-Nose Hill █ New Democratic █ Independent Resigned from NDP caucus to sit as an independent.
October 29, 2017 Karen McPherson Calgary-Mackay-Nose Hill █ Independent █ Alberta Party Joined the Alberta Party[8]
November 1, 2017 Dave Rodney Calgary-Lougheed █ United Cons. █ Vacant Resigned to allow UCP Leader Jason Kenney a seat in the legislature.[9]
December 14, 2017 Jason Kenney Calgary-Lougheed █ Vacant █ United Cons. Won seat in by-election.
January 9, 2018 Rick Fraser Calgary-South East █ Independent █ Alberta Party Joined the Alberta Party to run in the leadership race [10]
February 2, 2018 Don MacIntyre Innisfail-Sylvan Lake █ United Cons. █ Independent Resigned from UCP caucus to "focus on family."[11]
February 5, 2018 Don MacIntyre Innisfail-Sylvan Lake █ Independent █ Vacant Resigned seat.[12] Later revealed he faced charges of sexual assault and sexual interference [13]
March 5, 2018 Brian Jean Fort McMurray-Conklin █ United Cons. █ Vacant Resigned seat and retired from politics to focus on family.[14]
July 12, 2018 Laila Goodridge Fort McMurray-Conklin █ Vacant █ United Cons. Elected in a by-election.
July 12, 2018 Devin Dreeshen Innisfail-Sylvan Lake █ Vacant █ United Cons. Elected in a by-election.
July 14, 2018 Prab Gill Calgary-Greenway █ United Cons. █ Independent Left caucus due to alleged voter ballot stuffing [15]
July 18, 2018 Derek Fildebrandt Strathmore-Brooks █ Independent █ Freedom Cons. Joined Freedom Conservative Party to become its leader[16]
November 9, 2018 Robyn Luff Calgary-East █ New Democratic █ Independent The Alberta New Democratic Party removed Luff from caucus claiming she was neither trustworthy nor productive.[17]
January 2, 2019 Stephanie McLean Calgary-Varsity █ New Democratic █ Vacant Resigned to focus on law career.[18]
January 15, 2019 Rick Strankman Drumheller-Stettler █ United Cons. █ Independent Resigned from UCP caucus after losing renomination.[19]

Notes and references

  1. 1 2 The candidate elected for Calgary-Foothills in the general election, Jim Prentice, resigned on election day before winning his riding. According to section 139 of the Alberta Elections Act, RSA 2000, c E-1, if a winning candidate disclaims their right to become an MLA before the end of the appeal period for the official results, that riding's election is declared void. Panda won the subsequent by-election held September 3, 2015.
  2. ↑ "United Conservative Caucus recognized as the Official Opposition". Edmonton. July 25, 2017. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
  3. ↑ "Deborah Drever suspended from NDP caucus". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. May 22, 2015. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  4. ↑ "Calgary MLA Deborah Drever returns to NDP party's caucus". Calgary Herald. January 8, 2016. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
  5. ↑ "Tories hold Calgary-Greenway riding after by-election". Calgary Herald. March 23, 2016. Retrieved March 23, 2016.
  6. ↑ "Alberta MLA Sandra Jansen leaves PCs, joins NDP caucus". CBC.ca. November 17, 2016.
  7. ↑ "'I'm a flawed man': embattled Alberta MLA Derek Fildebrandt quits UCP caucus". CBC News. Edmonton. August 15, 2017. Retrieved August 16, 2017.
  8. ↑ "Calgary MLA Karen McPherson joins the Alberta Party caucus". CBC News. Edmonton. October 29, 2017. Retrieved October 29, 2017.
  9. ↑ Wood, James (October 30, 2017). "Jason Kenney takes charge of UCP, seeks seat in legislature by Christmas". Calgary Herald. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
  10. ↑ "Calgary MLA Rick Fraser registers as Alberta Party leadership candidate". CBC News. Edmonton. October 29, 2017. Retrieved October 29, 2017.
  11. ↑ "MLA Don MacIntyre resigns from UCP caucus". CBC News. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
  12. ↑ "Alberta legislature member for United Conservative Party leaves his seat". CTV News. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
  13. ↑ "Former Alberta MLA Don MacIntyre faces sexual assault, sexual interference charges". Global News. Retrieved February 9, 2018.
  14. ↑ McDermott, Vincent (March 5, 2018). "Former UCP leadership contender Brian Jean quits as Fort McMurray MLA". Edmonton Journal. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
  15. ↑ Emma Graney (July 14, 2018). "Calgary MLA Prab Gill leaves UCP caucus following ballot-stuffing allegations".
  16. ↑ Simons, Paula (July 20, 2018). "Paula Simons: Colony of Unrequited Schemes: Derek Fildebrandt launches party for patriots". Edmonton Journal. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
  17. ↑ "MLA Luff Removed from Government Caucus". albertandpcaucus.ca.
  18. ↑ "Notley says Calgary MLA Stephanie McLean has resigned". Canadian Press. January 3, 2019. Retrieved January 4, 2019.
  19. ↑ Bartko, Karen (January 15, 2019). "MLA Rick Strankman quits UCP to sit as independent over 'hyper partisan self-centered politics'". Global News. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.