2. Bundesliga
Organising bodyDeutsche Fußball Liga (DFL)
Founded1974 (1974)
CountryGermany
ConfederationUEFA
Number of teams18
Level on pyramid2
Promotion toBundesliga
Relegation to3. Liga
Domestic cup(s)DFB-Pokal
International cup(s)UEFA Europa League (through DFB-Pokal win)
Current champions1. FC Heidenheim (1st title)
(2022–23)
Most championshipsArminia Bielefeld
1. FC Nürnberg
SC Freiburg
1. FC Köln
VfL Bochum
(4 titles each)
TV partnersSky Sport
DAZN
Websitebundesliga.com/2
Current: 2023–24 2. Bundesliga

The 2. Bundesliga (Zweite Bundesliga [ˈtsvaɪtə ˈbʊndəsˌliːɡa], lit. '2nd Federal League') is the second division of professional football in Germany. It was implemented 11 years after the founding of the Fußball-Bundesliga as the new second division for professional football.[1] The 2. Bundesliga is ranked below the Bundesliga and above the 3. Liga in the German football league system. All of the 2. Bundesliga clubs take part in the DFB-Pokal, the annual German Cup competition. A total of 127 clubs have competed in the 2. Bundesliga since its foundation.

The decision to establish the league as the second level of football in West Germany was made in May 1973. The league started operating in August 1974, then with two divisions of 20 clubs. It was reduced to a single division in 1981. From the 1991–92 season onwards clubs from the former East Germany started participating in the league, briefly expanding it to two divisions again. It returned to a single division format again at the end of that season and has had 18 clubs as its strength since 1994. Two clubs from the 2. Bundesliga are directly promoted to the Bundesliga, while a third promoted club is determined through the play-offs, from 1974 to 1991 and again since 2008. Between 1991 and 2008 the third-placed club in the league was directly promoted. The bottom clubs in the league are relegated to the third division; from 1974 to 1994, the Oberliga, from 1994 to 2008, the Regionalliga and since 2008, the 3. Liga. The number of relegated clubs has fluctuated over the years. Since 2008 two clubs are directly relegated while the third-last team has the opportunity to defend its league play in the play-offs against the third placed team of the 3. Liga.

1. FC Nürnberg, SC Freiburg, 1. FC Köln, Arminia Bielefeld and VfL Bochum hold the record number of championships in the league with four each. Bielefeld also holds the record for number of promotions from the 2. Bundesliga to the Bundesliga, with eight.

For the 2022-23 season an average of 22,224 spectators watched 2. Bundesliga matches, the highest of any non-top flight football league in the world.

History

Background

With the implementation of the Bundesliga in 1963,[2] five Regionalligen were also founded as the 2nd highest playing level, South, Southwest, West, North and Berlin. The two top ranking teams from each Regionalliga at the end of a season were placed into groups to play against the relegation teams from the Bundesliga. With the transition from the former Oberliga to the newly created Bundesliga and Regionalliga, however, it became clear that the substructure of the Bundesliga was both sportingly and economically problematic and that relegation from the Bundesliga could easily ruin a club economically.

This situation was partly responsible for the Bundesliga scandal in 1971, in which, due to manipulations in point games in the relegation battle, Rot-Weiß Oberhausen and Arminia Bielefeld managed to remain in the Bundesliga. As a consequence of the scandal, the DFB-Bundestag in Frankfurt decided on 30 June 1973 to introduce a 2. Bundesliga, divided into a north and a south season, for the 1974/75 season, which should close the gap between professional and amateur areas. According to an elaborate point system,[3] the clubs should be able to qualify for the new divisions. Not only the placements of the previous five seasons were decisive, but also economic and structural requirements. There was also a five-year evaluation, with the first two years being single, the next two years double and the last year triple. In the event of a tie, the last year should apply.

With this regulation, however, the DFB had overlooked that the ten regional leagues participating in the annual promotion round to the Bundesliga had not qualified for the new 2. Bundesliga from the outset due to their placement in the 1973/74 season. In the case of 1. FC Saarbrücken, this meant that the club was accepted into the 2 Bundesliga South after failing in the promotion round and took the place of SV Alsenborn, which also came from the Regionalliga Südwest. SV Alsenborn, a "village club" sponsored by Fritz Walter, had failed three times in the Bundesliga promotion round in 1968, 1969 and 1970 and had clearly qualified for the new division. The DFB found that there were no conditions suitable for the second division in Alsenborn and that they could not be achieved in the foreseeable future and downgraded SV Alsenborn to the then third-class amateur league Southwest, although the club had a successful participation in one of the three rounds of promotion to the Bundesliga Special permission would have been allowed to play even in the top division (of course not in Alsenborn, but in Kaiserslautern or Ludwigshafen).

Formation

The decision to establish the 2. Bundesliga as a fully professional league below the Bundesliga was made at the annual convention of the German Football Association, the DFB, in Frankfurt on 30 June 1973. The league replaced the five Regionalligas that were at this level from 1963 to 1974. Each Regionalliga had a set quota of clubs that could qualify for the new league with the Regionalliga Süd receiving thirteen spots, the Regionalliga West twelve, the Regionalliga Nord and Regionalliga Südwest seven and the Regionalliga Berlin one. The qualified teams were established through a ranking that took the last five seasons of the Regionalliga into account.[4]

The new 2. Bundesliga was split into a northern and a southern division with 20 clubs each. Each division had its champion directly promoted to the Bundesliga while the two runners-up would contest a two-leg play-off to determine the third promoted team. The bottom four clubs in each league were relegated, however, as the number of clubs relegated from the Bundesliga to each division could vary, so could the number of clubs in the league and therefore the number of teams relegated.[5][6]

2. Bundesliga North and South 1974 to 1981

The first-ever game of the league was played on Friday, 2 August 1974 between 1. FC Saarbrücken and Darmstadt 98 and ended in a 1–0 win for Saarbrücken, with Nikolaus Semlitsch scoring the first-ever goal of the new league in the 18th minute of the game.[7][8][9] The inaugural champions of the league were Hannover 96 in the north and Karlsruher SC in the south, both former Bundesliga clubs. The play-offs for the third Bundesliga spot were contested by FK Pirmasens and Bayer Uerdingen, with Uerdingen winning 6–0 at home after a four-all draw in the first leg.[10][11] The three promoted teams however proved uncompetitive in the Bundesliga with Hannover and Uerdingen being relegated straight away again while Karlsruhe lasted for only two seasons.[12]

The second season saw league championships for Tennis Borussia Berlin and 1. FC Saarbrücken, with Tennis Borussia lasting for only one season and 1. FCS for two. The contest for the third promotion spot pitted two far bigger names of German football against each other, with Borussia Dortmund edging out 1. FC Nürnberg with two wins, ending Dortmund's four-year second division spell.[12][13][14] The last round of the season in the south also saw an all-time goal scoring record per round when 55 goals were scored in ten games. The northern division incidentally set the second best mark when it scored 51 goals the day before.[15]

In 1976–77 the league champions were FC St. Pauli and VfB Stuttgart while the third promotion spot went to 1860 Munich, having had to play a third game after Arminia Bielefeld and TSV 1860 each won their home games 4–0, with the decider ending 2–0 in favour of the southern team.[16][17] Ottmar Hitzfeld set an all-time 2. Bundesliga record in May 1977 when he scored 6 goals in a league match for VfB Stuttgart against Jahn Regensburg.[18] Bielefeld won promotion as the champions of the northern division in the following season, as did southern champion SV Darmstadt 98, entering the Bundesliga for the first time in its history. Third place went to 1. FC Nürnberg who overcame Rot-Weiss Essen with a 1–0 home win and a two–all draw away.[19][20] For Nürnberg it ended a nine-year absence from the Bundesliga.[12] Horst Hrubesch set an all-time record that season for goals in one season, 41 scored for Rot-Weiss Essen.[21]

In 1978–79 direct promotion went to 1860 Munich and Bayer Leverkusen while the play-off was won, once more, by Bayer Uerdingen, which defeated SpVgg Bayreuth 2–1 at home after a draw away. In the north, two clubs were relegated from the league for financial reasons, Westfalia Herne, which had finished fifth and former Bundesliga side FC St. Pauli, which had come sixth.[22][23] The following seasons saw 1. FC Nürnberg and Arminia Bielefeld clinch another promotion from the 2. Bundesliga, as did Karlsuher SC which overcame Rot-Weiss Essen by winning 5–1 at home after losing 3–1 away.[24][25] Arminia Bielefeld set an all-time 2. Bundesliga record when it defeated Arminia Hannover 11–0 in May 1980, the biggest-ever win in the league.[26]

The 1980–81 season, the seventh of the league, was also its last in this format. From 1981 it played as a single division of 20 teams after a decision taken on 7 June 1980, when, at a special convention of the DFB, the introduction of the single division 2. Bundesliga was decided upon with a majority of 84 votes to 77.[27] The northern division was unusually strong that season, having received all three relegated teams of the 1979–80 Bundesliga season, SV Werder Bremen, Eintracht Braunschweig and Hertha BSC, and playing with 22 teams. Bremen won the league while Braunschweig came second. Hertha missed out despite scoring 123 goals. In the south, the league was won by SV Darmstadt 98 for a second time while runners-up Kickers Offenbach lost out to Braunschweig in the play-offs. The reduction of the league to a single division meant 22 teams were relegated while no team was promoted to the 2. Bundesliga that season.[28][29]

Single division era 1981 to 1991

The new single division league of 20 teams saw only a small change in modus. The top two in the league were promoted while the third placed team played the sixteenth placed Bundesliga side in a home-and-away play-off for one more spot in the Bundesliga. The bottom four in the league were relegated. The inaugural season saw FC Schalke 04 compete in the 2. Bundesliga for the first time, and win it. Second place went to Hertha BSC while third placed Kickers Offenbach missed out on promotion after losing both play-off games to Bayer Leverkusen. Fourth place went to 1860 Munich, one point behind Offenbach, but the club found itself relegated after the DFB refused it a license for the following season. This decision kept 17th placed SG Wattenscheid 09, the best-placed team on a relegation rank, in the league.[30] The following season finally saw Kickers Offenbach win promotion from the 2. Bundesliga, behind champions SV Waldhof Mannheim who had never played in the Bundesliga before. Bayer Uerdingen, in third place, won promotion through the play-offs for a third time, this time overcoming the previous seasons 2. Bundesliga champions FC Schalke 04.[12][31]

Schalke bounced back immediately, coming second behind Karlsruher SC in 1983–84. Third place went to MSV Duisburg wo were decisively beaten 0–5 by Bundesliga side Eintracht Frankfurt at home. At the other end, Rot-Weiss Essen, after having failed to win promotion to the Bundesliga through the play-offs twice from the 2. Bundesliga, was relegated to amateur football that season.[32] 1. FC Nürnberg took out the championship of the single division 2. Bundesliga for the first time in 1985, with Hannover 96 coming second. Third placed 1. FC Saarbrücken also won promotion courtesy to a 2–0 home win over Arminia Bielefeld after a draw away. Kickers Offenbach, freshly relegated from the Bundesliga came only 19th in the 2. Bundesliga, suffered another relegation, as did another former Bundesliga side, FC St. Pauli, having returned to the league for the first time after having had its license revoked in 1979.[33]

In 1985–86, three clubs from Berlin competed in the league, but none the following season, with Blau-Weiß 90 Berlin achieving its one and only promotion to the Bundesliga while Hertha BSC and Tennis Borussia were relegated to amateur football. The league champions were FC 08 Homburg, also promoted to the Bundesliga for the first time. Arguably one of the most famous play-off contests in 2. Bundesliga history however were the games between third placed Fortuna Köln and Borussia Dortmund. Köln won 2–0 at home, followed by a 3–1 for Dortmund, making a third game necessary as the away goal rule did not apply to the Bundesliga versus 2. Bundesliga play-offs at the time. This third game was won 8–0 by Borussia Dortmund in front of 50,000 in neutral Düsseldorf. In the relegation zone MSV Duisburg followed the two Berlin clubs into amateur football as a third former Bundesliga side that season.[34][35]

Hannover 96 and Karlsruher SC won promotion once more in 1987 while third placed FC St. Pauli, freshly promoted from amateur football again, missed out by a goal in the play-offs against FC Homburg. At the bottom end Eintracht Braunschweig became another former Bundesliga side and champion to drop into the third division.[36] FC St. Pauli ended a ten-year wait for Bundesliga return in 1988 when it finished runners-up to Stuttgarter Kickers who were promoted to the Bundesliga for the first time. Third placed SV Darmstadt 98 missed out on penalties in the deciding third game against SV Waldhof Mannheim after each side had won their home game by a goal. Arminia Bielefeld came a distant last and was relegated while 17th placed SpVgg Bayreuth was rescued when Rot-Weiß Oberhausen was refused a license.[37]

Fortuna Düsseldorf won the league championship in 1988–89, with two clubs from the Saarland coming second and third, FC Homburg and 1. FC Saarbrücken. Saarbrücken however was unable to overcome Eintracht Frankfurt in the later club's second successful play-off defence of its Bundesliga place. SpVgg Bayreuth finished 17th again but was again spared from relegation when Kickers Offenbach was refused a license. Also relegated were Union Solingen after 14 consecutive seasons in the league.[38] At the end of the season Spanish-born Joaquín Montañés retired from 2. Bundesliga football after 479 games for Alemannia Aachen in the league from 1974 to 1989, a record for any player with a single club in the league.[39] In 1990 Hertha BSC completed its return from amateur football to the Bundesliga with a 2. Bundesliga title, followed up by SG Wattenscheid 09, who entered the Bundesliga for the first time. 1. FC Saarbrücken failed in the play-offs for a second consecutive time when it missed out to VfL Bochum, thereby ensuring a Bochum derby in the Bundesliga between VfL and Wattenscheid for the following season. In the relegation zone SpVgg Bayreuth failed to get reprieved for a third consecutive season and dropped into amateur football, as did Alemannia Aachen, a founding member of the 2. Bundesliga who had played all 16 seasons of the league until then.[40]

The tenth season of the single division 2. Bundesliga was to be the last in its current format for a time as the German reunification in 1991 lead to changes to the league after this season. With FC Schalke 04 and MSV Duisburg two long-term Bundesliga teams finished at the top of the league. In third place Stuttgarter Kickers had to play FC St. Pauli three times to earn promotion, the first two contests having ended 1–1 while Stuttgart won the third 3–1. FC Schweinfurt 05 in last place became one of the worst clubs in the league history when it only won two games all season. Rot-Weiss Essen had its license revoked which allowed SV Darmstadt 98 to avoid relegation.[41]

German reunification 1991–92

In the 1991–92 season, the league was expanded to 24 teams in two regional divisions, north and south, to accommodate six new East German clubs which joined the league that season. The East German clubs were spread very unevenly, with one going to the north and five to the south, caused by the geographic location of those clubs. Only the league champions were promoted to the Bundesliga that year, which were Bayer Uerdingen in the north and 1. FC Saarbrücken in the south. The bottom three in each division were relegated, three of which were from former East Germany. The other two were former Bundesliga clubs, Blau-Weiß 90 Berlin and 1860 Munich, with the later having played its first season back in the 2. Bundesliga after their license was revoked in 1982. At the end of this season the league returned to the single division format, but with still 24 clubs as its strength.[42][43]

Single division era 1992 to present

The 1992–93 season was a momentous one, with 24 teams competing in a single league and each club playing 46 games. Three clubs were promoted directly, as would be the case from then on until 2008, with the play-offs having been abolished. SC Freiburg won the league and promotion for the first time. Behind it, MSV Duisburg made a return to the Bundesliga while third placed VfB Leipzig became the first former East German club to earn promotion from the 2. Bundesliga. Seven clubs were relegated from the league to reduce its strength to 20 clubs again from the following season. Of those Eintracht Braunschweig, Fortuna Düsseldorf and SV Darmstadt 98 were former Bundesliga sides.[44] The following season saw changes again as it was the last with 20 clubs. Promoted were VfL Bochum, Bayer Uerdingen and 1860 Munich, which had just won promotion from the third division the year before and returned to the Bundesliga for the first time since 1981. At the bottom end, five clubs were relegated, four of those former Bundesliga sides and the fifth one, Carl Zeiss Jena, from former East Germany.[45]

The league level below the 2. Bundesliga was changed profoundly in 1994 with the Oberligas replaced by the new Regionalligas, which allowed for direct promotion to the 2. Bundesliga for the first time since 1980. The league itself was now reduced to 18 clubs with no play-offs, three promoted and four relegated teams, a system it would maintain until 2008, when the play-offs were re-introduced. Hansa Rostock won the 2. Bundesliga for the first time in 1995 and FC St. Pauli and Fortuna Düsseldorf followed it up to the Bundesliga. In the relegation zone FSV Frankfurt came a distant last with only three wins to its name while the two Saarland sides FC Homburg and 1. FC Saarbrücken accompanied it. The later, despite finishing seventh, had its license revoked, thereby sparing FSV Zwickau from relegation.[46]

The 1995–96 season saw VfL Bochum win the league again with second placed Arminia Bielefeld winning promotion straight after having been promoted from the Regionalliga the year before. Third place went to MSV Duisburg while Hannover 96, 1. FC Nürnberg and SG Wattenscheid 09 were all former Bundesliga clubs now suffering relegation to the third division.[47] The 1. FC Kaiserslautern and Eintracht Frankfurt had suffered their first-ever relegation from the Bundesliga in 1996. The former won the league and bounced back immediately while Frankfurt remained at this level for another season. Kaiseslautern was accompanied up by VfL Wolfsburg, who won promotion for the first time, and Hertha BSC. Kaiserslautern would also become the first and only club to win the Bundesliga as a freshly promoted side the following year.[48] The 1. FC Kaiserslautern and SV Meppen also set a record for number of goals in a game, 13, when Kaiserslautern defeated Meppen 7–6.[49] Eintracht Frankfurt won the league in 1998 with SC Freiburg coming second while 1. FC Nürnberg, freshly returned from the Regionalliga, came third. At the bottom end VfB Leipzig was one of three clubs from the east to be relegated, alongside SV Meppen, which dropped out of the league after eleven consecutive seasons there.[50]

The 1998–99 season saw the 1. FC Köln in the league for the first time, having been relegated from the Bundesliga after 35 consecutive seasons there from the start of the league in 1963. Köln only managed to come tenth, while the league was won by Arminia Bielefeld. Behind Arminia Bielefeld, SpVgg Unterhaching and SSV Ulm 1846 entered the Bundesliga for the very first time. Last place in the league went to Fortuna Düsseldorf, which was accompanied to the Regionalliga by SG Wattenscheid 09, KFC Uerdingen 05, formerly Bayer Uerdingen, and FC Gütersloh.[51] The first season of the new millennium saw the end of an era, with Fortuna Köln being relegated after 26 consecutive seasons in the league since the start in 1974. Local rival 1. FC Köln won the league while VfL Bochum came second and FC Energie Cottbus, in third place, moved up to the Bundesliga for the first time. Fortuna Köln was accompanied to the Regionalliga by Karlsruher SC, Kickers Offenbach and Tennis Borussia Berlin, who had their license revoked.[52]

In 2000–01, the league was won by 1. FC Nürnberg once again, with Borussia Mönchengladbach earning promotion back to the Bundesliga after a two-year absence. FC St. Pauli was the third promoted team. SSV Ulm 1846, freshly relegated from the Bundesliga, finished the season in 16th place and became insolvent.[53] Hannover 96, Arminia Bielefeld and VfL Bochum were the promoted teams in 2002,[54] while the following season saw 1. FC Köln and Eintracht Frankfurt competing and succeeding for promotion again, behind league champions SC Freiburg.[55]

In 2004, 1. FC Nürnberg and Arminia Bielefeld earned another one of their many promotions while third placed 1. FSV Mainz 05 was a newcomer to the Bundesliga.[56] Like in 2003, 2005 saw 1. FC Köln and Eintracht Frankfurt win promotion while between them, in second place, MSV Duisburg moved up, too. At the bottom end three of the four relegated clubs shared similar names, Rot-Weiß Oberhausen, Rot-Weiss Essen and Rot-Weiß Erfurt with the fourth team relegated being Eintracht Trier.[57]

Alte Försterei
The Stadion An der Alten Försterei is the home of 1. FC Union Berlin. The club competed in the 2. Bundesliga for ten consecutive seasons.

VfL Bochum won the league again in 2006 while FC Energie Cottbus returned to the Bundesliga for a second three-year stint. In second place Alemannia Aachen returned to the Bundesliga for the first time since 1970. Relegated that year were Dynamo Dresden, former East German power house, after a two-year stint in the league.[58] 2006 also saw the retirement of Willi Landgraf from 2. Bundesliga football. Landgraf had played a record 508 2. Bundesliga games from 1986 to 2006, playing in the league for Rot-Weiss Essen, FC 08 Homburg, FC Gütersloh and Alemannia Aachen.[39][59] Karlsruher SC ended an absence from the Bundesliga that had lasted since 1998 when it won the league in 2007 and was followed up by Hansa Rostock and MSV Duisburg.[60] Freshly relegated Borussia Mönchengladbach won the league the following year, with new Bundesliga club TSG 1899 Hoffenheim second and 1. FC Köln third.[61]

The 2008–09 season saw the return of play-offs. The third placed team in the 2. Bundesliga now played the 16th placed team in the Bundesliga for a spot in that league. At the other end of the table, the 16th placed 2. Bundesliga side would now also play the third placed team in the new 3. Liga, which had replaced the Regionalliga as the third division. SC Freiburg and 1. FSV Mainz 05 were directly promoted that season while 1. FC Nürnberg had to enter the play-offs in which it defeated FC Energie Cottbus 5–0 on aggregate. At the relegation end, VfL Osnabrück lost its 2. Bundesliga place to SC Paderborn from the 3. Liga.[62]

1. FC Kaiserslautern ended a four-year spell in the 2. Bundesliga in 2010 with a league championship, with FC St. Pauli coming second. The FC Augsburg finished third but was unable to overcome 1. FC Nürnberg in the play-offs and lost 3–0 on aggregate. Hansa Rostock, in 16th place, dropped out of the 2. Bundesliga when it lost both play-off games to Ingolstadt 04.[63] Hertha BSC and FC Augsburg were directly promoted to the Bundesliga in 2010, the later for the first time, while VfL Bochum in third place missed out on promotion against Borussia Mönchengladbach. VfL Osnabrück found itself unsuccessfully defending its league place again, losing to Dynamo Dresden in extra time in the second leg.[64]

After 15 consecutive seasons in the 2. Bundesliga a numerous attempts at promotion Greuther Fürth finally won the league in 2012. Eintracht Frankfurt came second and Fortuna Düsseldorf returned to the Bundesliga for the first time since 1997 when it defeated Hertha BSC in the play-offs. Karlsruher SC failed to remain in the 2. Bundesliga when it was relegated on away goal rule after two drawn games against Jahn Regensburg.[65]

Hertha BSC won the 2. Bundesliga for the second time in three seasons in 2012–13 and was accompanied up by Eintracht Braunschweig, who had not played in the Bundesliga since 1985. Third placed 1. FC Kaiserslautern lost both games to 1899 Hoffenheim and thereby failed to get promoted. Dynamo Dresden became the first 2. Bundesliga side in five attempts to hold onto their league place while 3. Liga side VfL Osnabrück missed out in the play-offs for a third time in three attempts.[66] The 2013–14 season ended with 1. FC Köln winning the league, followed up by SC Paderborn who won promotion to the Bundesliga for the first time. Relegated where Energie Cottbus and Dynamo Dresden, both former Bundesliga sides. Third placed SpVgg Greuther Fürth failed to gain promotion after two draws with Bundesliga club Hamburger SV. At the bottom end two eastern clubs were relegated, Dynamo Dresden and Energie Cottbus, while Arminia Bielefeld entered the relegation round.

The 2014–15 season saw Ingolstadt 04 win the league and earn Bundesliga promotion for the first time while SV Darmstadt 98 finished second and returned to the Bundesliga for the first time since 1982. Third placed Karlsruher SC faced Hamburg for another Bundesliga spot while TSV 1860 Munich had to play Holstein Kiel to retain their place in the 2. Bundesliga. Both the Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga clubs retained their league membership. The two clubs directly relegated from the league where Erzgebirge Aue and VfR Aalen.[67] In the 2015–16 the league was won by SC Freiburg, with RB Leipzig finishing runners-up and earning its first-ever Bundesliga promotion, while 1. FC Nürnberg had to enter the promotion play-off where it lost on aggregate to Eintracht Frankfurt. At the bottom end of the table SC Paderborn suffered consecutive relegations, becoming the sixth club to drop from the Bundesliga to the third tier in consecutive seasons. FSV Frankfurt was the second team directly relegated while MSV Duisburg entered the relegation play-off where it was unsuccessful.[68] All the clubs promoted to the 2. Bundesliga had played there before but while Dynamo Dresden and Erzgebirge Aue had only experienced a short absence the third club, Würzburger Kickers, had not played at this level for almost 40 years.[69]

After their relegation, the 2018–19 season was Hamburger SV's first season outside of the German top flight in their 55-year history.[70]

Logo history

For the first time in 1996, the Bundesliga was given its own logo to distinguish itself. Six years later, the logo was revamped into a portrait orientation, which was used until 2010. A new logo was announced for the 2010–11 season in order to modernise the brand logo for all media platforms.[71] To celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Bundesliga, a special logo was developed for the 2012–13 season, featuring a "50" and "1963–2013".[72] Following the season, the 2010 logo was restored. In December 2016, it was announced that a new logo would be used for the 2017–18 season, modified slightly for digitisation requirements, featuring a matte look.[73]

In December 2016, it was announced that for the first time, the 2. Bundesliga would be given its own logo, taking effect at the start of the 2017–18 season. Previously, the 2. Bundesliga had borrowed the Bundesliga logo for promotional and media purposes. The 2. Bundesliga gained its own logo to "strengthen the profile of the competition" and to better identify the league with fans, the media, and sponsors.[73]

All-time table

As of November 2022, the most consistent team in the league has been SpVgg Greuther Fürth, who have won 1680 points in 1140 games (using the three points per win scheme). In second place sits FC St. Pauli with 1578 points, and Alemannia Aachen is third with 1481 points. Last place, number 127, goes to newcomers SV Elversberg with just one points to its name.[74] (subject to change in the future)

Members of the 2. Bundesliga (2023–24 season)

For details on the 2. Bundesliga 2023–24 season, see here.

Team Location Stadium Capacity
Eintracht Braunschweig Braunschweig Eintracht-Stadion 23,325
Hertha BSC Berlin Olympiastadion 74,649
Fortuna Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Merkur Spiel-Arena 54,600
SV Elversberg Spiesen-Elversberg Waldstadion an der Kaiserlinde 10,000
Greuther Fürth Fürth Sportpark Ronhof Thomas Sommer 16,626
Hamburger SV Hamburg Volksparkstadion 57,000
Hannover 96 Hanover Heinz von Heiden-Arena 49,000
1. FC Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Fritz-Walter-Stadion 49,780
Karlsruher SC Karlsruhe BBBank Wildpark 29,699
Holstein Kiel Kiel Holstein-Stadion 15,034
1. FC Magdeburg Magdeburg MDCC-Arena 30,098
1. FC Nürnberg Nuremberg Max-Morlock-Stadion 49,923
VfL Osnabrück Osnabrück Stadion an der Bremer Brücke 16,667
SC Paderborn Paderborn Home Deluxe Arena 15,000
Hansa Rostock Rostock Ostseestadion 29,000
Schalke 04 Gelsenkirchen Veltins-Arena 62,271
FC St. Pauli Hamburg Millerntor-Stadion 29,546
Wehen Wiesbaden Wiesbaden BRITA-Arena 12,250

Division set-up

Changes in division set-up

  • Number of clubs
    • Current (since 1994–95): 18 teams
    • From 1974 to 1975 to 1980–81: two divisions (Nord and Süd)
      • From 1974 to 1975 to 1978–79: 20 teams each
      • 1979–80: 20 teams (Nord), 21 teams (Süd)
      • 1980–81: 22 teams (Nord), 20 teams (Süd)
    • From 1981 to 1982 to 1990–91: 20 teams
    • 1991–92: two divisions (Nord and Süd) of 12 teams each, divisions split into promotion/relegation groups of 6 teams each after 22 rounds
    • 1992–93: 24 teams
    • 1993–94: 20 teams
  • Teams promoted to the Bundesliga: 3; 1981–1991 there was a promotion/relegation round, in 1991–92 there was 1 promotion per group.
  • Number of relegations into the Regionalliga (until 1994: Oberliga): 4; 1991–92: 2–3 per group (inclusive relegation); 1992–93: 7.

Promotion and relegation

  • From the 1992–93 season to the 2008–09 season, the top three teams gained promotion into the Bundesliga; after this, and to the present, only the top two teams are promoted automatically, and the third placed team plays a two-leg playoff against the team that finishes 16th in the Bundesliga.
  • Until the 2007–08 season, the bottom four teams were relegated into the Regional leagues. Since the 2008–09, following the inception of the 3. Liga, only the bottom two teams are relegated into the 3. Liga automatically; the third from bottom team can avoid relegation by winning a two-leg playoff against the team that finishes in third place in the 3. Liga.

League rules

Since the 2006–07 season there is no longer a limit on non-EU players in the league. Instead clubs are required to have 8 players on the squad who have come up through the youth system of a German club, 4 of which have to come from the club's own youth system.[75] Seven substitutes are permitted to be selected, from which three can be used in the duration of the game.

League champions

Second Bundesliga

Season Champions Runners-up Third place
1981–82 Schalke 04 Hertha BSC Kickers Offenbach
1982–83 Waldhof Mannheim Kickers Offenbach Uerdingen
1983–84 Karlsruher SC Schalke 04 MSV Duisburg
1984–85 1. FC Nürnberg Hannover 96 1. FC Saarbrücken
1985–86 Homburg BW Berlin Fortuna Köln
1986–87 Hannover 96 Karlsruher SC FC St. Pauli
1987–88 Stuttgarter Kickers FC St. Pauli Darmstadt 98
1988–89 Fortuna Düsseldorf Homburg 1. FC Saarbrücken
1989–90 Hertha BSC Wattenscheid 1. FC Saarbrücken
1990–91 Schalke 04 MSV Duisburg Stuttgarter Kickers

Second Bundesliga

Season Champions Runners-up Third place
1992–93 SC Freiburg MSV Duisburg VfB Leipzig
1993–94 VfL Bochum Uerdingen 1860 Munich
1994–95 Hansa Rostock FC St. Pauli Fortuna Düsseldorf
1995–96 VfL Bochum Arminia Bielefeld MSV Duisburg
1996–97 1. FC Kaiserslautern VfL Wolfsburg Hertha BSC
1997–98 Eintracht Frankfurt SC Freiburg 1. FC Nürnberg
1998–99 Arminia Bielefeld Unterhaching SSV Ulm
1999–2000 1. FC Köln VfL Bochum Energie Cottbus
2000–01 1. FC Nürnberg Borussia Mönchengladbach St. Pauli
2001–02 Hannover 96 Arminia Bielefeld VfL Bochum
2002–03 SC Freiburg 1. FC Köln Eintracht Frankfurt
2003–04 1. FC Nürnberg Arminia Bielefeld Mainz 05
2004–05 1. FC Köln Duisburg Eintracht Frankfurt
2005–06 VfL Bochum Alemannia Aachen Energie Cottbus
2006–07 Karlsruher SC Hansa Rostock Duisburg
2007–08 Borussia Mönchengladbach Hoffenheim 1. FC Köln
2008–09 SC Freiburg Mainz 05 1. FC Nürnberg
2009–10 1. FC Kaiserslautern St. Pauli FC Augsburg
2010–11 Hertha BSC FC Augsburg VfL Bochum
2011–12 Greuther Fürth Eintracht Frankfurt Fortuna Düsseldorf
2012–13 Hertha BSC Eintracht Braunschweig 1. FC Kaiserslautern
2013–14 1. FC Köln SC Paderborn Greuther Fürth
2014–15 FC Ingolstadt Darmstadt 98 Karlsruher SC
2015–16 SC Freiburg RB Leipzig 1. FC Nürnberg
2016–17 VfB Stuttgart Hannover 96 Eintracht Braunschweig
2017–18 Fortuna Düsseldorf 1. FC Nürnberg Holstein Kiel
2018–19 1. FC Köln SC Paderborn 1. FC Union Berlin
2019–20 Arminia Bielefeld VfB Stuttgart 1. FC Heidenheim
2020–21 VfL Bochum Greuther Fürth Holstein Kiel
2021–22 Schalke 04 Werder Bremen Hamburger SV
2022–23 1. FC Heidenheim Darmstadt 98 Hamburger SV
  • Bold denotes team earned promotion.

The list of teams that earned promotion to and from the 2. Bundesliga or were relegated from the league:

Season Promoted to the Bundesliga Relegated to the Oberliga/Regionalliga/3. Liga Promoted from the Oberliga/Regionalliga/3. Liga
1974–75 Hannover 96, Bayer Uerdingen (Nord)
Karlsruher SC (Süd)		 Olympia Wilhelmshaven, Rot-Weiß Oberhausen, VfL Wolfsburg, HSV Barmbek-Uhlenhorst (Nord)
VfR Heilbronn, Borussia Neunkirchen, VfR Wormatia Worms, VfR Mannheim (Süd)		 Bayer Leverkusen, Spandauer SV, Westfalia Herne, Union Solingen (Nord)
Eintracht Kreuznach, FSV Frankfurt, Jahn Regensburg, SSV Reutlingen (Süd)
1975–76 Tennis Borussia Berlin, Borussia Dortmund (Nord)
1. FC Saarbrücken (Süd)		 1. FC Mülheim, SpVgg Erkenschwick, DJK Gütersloh, Spandauer SV (Nord)
Mainz 05, FC Schweinfurt 05, Eintracht Bad Kreuznach, SSV Reutlingen (Süd)		 Arminia Hannover, Bonner SC, SC Herford, VfL Wolfsburg (Nord)
BSV Schwenningen, Eintracht Trier, FV Würzburg 04, KSV Baunatal (Süd)
1976–77 FC St. Pauli (Nord)
VfB Stuttgart, 1860 Munich (Süd)		 Bonner SC, Göttingen 05, Wacker 04 Berlin, VfL Wolfsburg (Nord)
Röchling Völklingen, Jahn Regensburg, BSV 07 Schwenningen (Süd)		 1. FC Bocholt, OSC Bremerhaven, Rot-Weiß Lüdenscheid (Nord)
Freiburger FC, Würzburger Kickers, VfR Oli Bürstadt, Wormatia Worms (Süd)
1977–78 Arminia Bielefeld (Nord)
Darmstadt 98, 1. FC Nürnberg (Süd)		 1. FC Bocholt, OSC Bremerhaven, Schwarz-Weiß Essen (Nord)
FC Bayern Hof, VfR 1910 Bürstadt, Kickers Würzburg, FK Pirmasens (Süd)		 DSC Wanne-Eickel, Holstein Kiel, Viktoria Köln, Wacker 04 Berlin (Nord)
Borussia Neunkirchen, FC Hanau 93, MTV Ingolstadt, SC Freiburg (Süd)
1978–79 Bayer 04 Leverkusen, Bayer Uerdingen (Nord)
1860 Munich (Süd)		 Westfalia Herne, FC St. Pauli, Wacker 04 Berlin (Nord)
FC Hanau 93, FC Augsburg, KSV Baunatal, Borussia Neunkirchen (Süd)		 OSC Bremerhaven, OSV Hannover, Rot-Weiß Oberhausen, SC Herford (Nord)
ESV Ingolstadt, SV Röchling Völklingen, SSV Ulm 1846, VfR Oli Bürstadt (Süd)
1979–80 Arminia Bielefeld (Nord)
1. FC Nürnberg, Karlsruher SC (Süd)		 DSC Wanne-Eickel, OSC Bremerhaven, Arminia Hannover, Wuppertaler SV (Nord)
MTV 1881 Ingolstadt, Röchling Völklingen, FV Würzburg 04 (Süd)		 1. FC Bocholt, Göttingen 05, SpVgg Erkenschwick, VfB Oldenburg (Nord)
Borussia Neunkirchen, FC Augsburg, Hessen Kassel, VfB Eppingen (Süd)
1980–81 Werder Bremen, Eintracht Braunschweig (Nord)
Darmstadt 98 (Süd)		 Because of the reduction of the league to a single division 22 clubs were relegated None
1981–82 FC Schalke 04, Hertha BSC 1860 Munich, VfR Wormatia Worms, Freiburger FC, SpVgg Bayreuth FSV Frankfurt, FC Augsburg, BV Lüttringhausen, TuS Schloß Neuhaus
1982–83 SV Waldhof Mannheim, Kickers Offenbach, Bayer Uerdingen FC Augsburg, SpVgg Fürth, FSV Frankfurt, TuS Schloß Neuhaus Rot-Weiß Oberhausen, SC Charlottenburg, SSV Ulm 1846, 1. FC Saarbrücken
1983–84 Karlsruher SC, FC Schalke 04 Rot-Weiss Essen, SC Charlottenburg, VfL Osnabrück, BV 08 Lüttringhausen VfR Bürstadt, FC 08 Homburg, FC St. Pauli, Blau-Weiß 90 Berlin
1984–85 1. FC Nürnberg, Hannover 96, 1. FC Saarbrücken FC St. Pauli, VfR 1910 Bürstadt, Kickers Offenbach, SSV Ulm 1846 VfL Osnabrück, Tennis Borussia Berlin, Viktoria Aschaffenburg, SpVgg Bayreuth
1985–86 FC 08 Homburg, Blau-Weiß 90 Berlin Hertha BSC, SpVgg Bayreuth, Tennis Borussia Berlin, MSV Duisburg SSV Ulm 1846, FSV Salmrohr, FC St. Pauli, Rot-Weiss Essen
1986–87 Hannover 96, Karlsruher SC Eintracht Braunschweig, Viktoria Aschaffenburg, KSV Hessen Kassel, FSV Salmrohr Kickers Offenbach, SpVgg Bayreuth, SV Meppen, BVL 08 Remscheid
1987–88 Stuttgarter Kickers, FC St. Pauli Rot-Weiß Oberhausen, BVL 08 Remscheid, SSV Ulm 1846, Arminia Bielefeld Eintracht Braunschweig, Hertha BSC, Viktoria Aschaffenburg, Mainz 05
1988–89 Fortuna Düsseldorf, FC 08 Homburg Kickers Offenbach, Viktoria Aschaffenburg, Mainz 05, Union Solingen KSV Hessen Kassel, SpVgg Unterhaching, MSV Duisburg, Preußen Münster
1989–90 Hertha BSC, SG Wattenscheid 09 KSV Hessen Kassel, SpVgg Bayreuth, Alemannia Aachen, SpVgg Unterhaching VfB Oldenburg, TSV Havelse, Mainz 05, 1. FC Schweinfurt 05
1990–91 FC Schalke 04, MSV Duisburg, Stuttgarter Kickers Rot-Weiss Essen, Preußen Münster, TSV Havelse, Schweinfurt 05 FC Remscheid, 1860 Munich (West)
Stahl Brandenburg, VfB Leipzig, Chemnitzer FC, Carl Zeiss Jena, Hallescher FC, Rot-Weiß Erfurt (East)
1991–92 Bayer Uerdingen (Nord)
1. FC Saarbrücken (Süd)		 Blau-Weiß 90 Berlin, BSV Stahl Brandenburg (Nord)
1860 Munich, Hallescher FC, FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt (Süd)		 Wuppertaler SV, VfL Wolfsburg, SpVgg Unterhaching
1992–93 SC Freiburg, MSV Duisburg, VfB Leipzig SpVgg Unterhaching, Eintracht Braunschweig, VfL Osnabrück, Fortuna Düsseldorf, VfB Oldenburg, Darmstadt 98, FC Remscheid 1860 Munich, Rot-Weiss Essen, Tennis Borussia Berlin
1993–94 VfL Bochum, Bayer Uerdingen, 1860 Munich Stuttgarter Kickers, Carl Zeiss Jena, Wuppertaler SV, Rot-Weiss Essen, Tennis Borussia Berlin Fortuna Düsseldorf, FSV Frankfurt, FSV Zwickau
1994–95 Hansa Rostock, FC St. Pauli, Fortuna Düsseldorf 1. FC Saarbrücken, FC 08 Homburg, FSV Frankfurt SpVgg Unterhaching, VfB Lübeck, Carl Zeiss Jena, Arminia Bielefeld
1995–96 VfL Bochum, Arminia Bielefeld, MSV Duisburg Chemnitzer FC, Hannover 96, 1. FC Nürnberg, SG Wattenscheid 09 VfB Oldenburg, Rot-Weiss Essen, FC Gütersloh, Stuttgarter Kickers
1996–97 1. FC Kaiserslautern, VfL Wolfsburg, Hertha BSC SV Waldhof Mannheim, VfB Lübeck, Rot-Weiss Essen, VfB Oldenburg Greuther Fürth, Energie Cottbus, SG Wattenscheid 09, 1. FC Nürnberg
1997–98 Eintracht Frankfurt, SC Freiburg, 1. FC Nürnberg VfB Leipzig, Carl Zeiss Jena, FSV Zwickau, SV Meppen SSV Ulm 1846, Rot-Weiß Oberhausen, Hannover 96, Tennis Borussia Berlin
1998–99 Arminia Bielefeld, SpVgg Unterhaching, SSV Ulm 1846 FC Gütersloh, KFC Uerdingen 05, SG Wattenscheid 09, Fortuna Düsseldorf SV Waldhof Mannheim, Kickers Offenbach, Chemnitzer FC, Alemannia Aachen
1999–2000 1. FC Köln, VfL Bochum, Energie Cottbus Tennis Borussia Berlin, Fortuna Köln, Kickers Offenbach, Karlsruher SC LR Ahlen, SSV Reutlingen, 1. FC Saarbrücken, VfL Osnabrück
2000–01 1. FC Nürnberg, Borussia Mönchengladbach, FC St. Pauli VfL Osnabrück, SSV Ulm 1846, Stuttgarter Kickers, Chemnitzer FC SV Babelsberg 03, Union Berlin, Karlsruher SC, 1. FC Schweinfurt 05
2001–02 Hannover 96, Arminia Bielefeld, VfL Bochum SpVgg Unterhaching, 1. FC Saarbrücken, Schweinfurt 05, SV Babelsberg 03 Wacker Burghausen, Eintracht Trier, VfB Lübeck, Eintracht Braunschweig
2002–03 SC Freiburg, 1. FC Köln, Eintracht Frankfurt Eintracht Braunschweig, SSV Reutlingen 05, FC St. Pauli, SV Waldhof Mannheim Jahn Regensburg, SpVgg Unterhaching, Erzgebirge Aue, VfL Osnabrück
2003–04 1. FC Nürnberg, Arminia Bielefeld, Mainz 05 VfB Lübeck, Jahn Regensburg, Union Berlin, VfL Osnabrück Rot-Weiß Erfurt, 1. FC Saarbrücken, Rot-Weiss Essen, Dynamo Dresden
2004–05 1. FC Köln, MSV Duisburg, Eintracht Frankfurt Eintracht Trier, Rot-Weiß Oberhausen, Rot-Weiss Essen, FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt Eintracht Braunschweig, SC Paderborn, Kickers Offenbach, Sportfreunde Siegen
2005–06 VfL Bochum, Alemannia Aachen, Energie Cottbus Dynamo Dresden, 1. FC Saarbrücken, LR Ahlen, Sportfreunde Siegen FC Augsburg, TuS Koblenz, Carl Zeiss Jena, Rot-Weiss Essen
2006–07 Karlsruher SC, Hansa Rostock, MSV Duisburg Rot-Weiss Essen, SpVgg Unterhaching, SV Wacker Burghausen, Eintracht Braunschweig SV Wehen, TSG 1899 Hoffenheim, FC St. Pauli, VfL Osnabrück
2007–08 Borussia Mönchengladbach, TSG 1899 Hoffenheim, 1. FC Köln Kickers Offenbach, Erzgebirge Aue, SC Paderborn, FC Carl Zeiss Jena FSV Frankfurt, Ingolstadt 04, Rot Weiss Ahlen, Rot-Weiß Oberhausen
2008–09 SC Freiburg, Mainz 05, 1. FC Nürnberg VfL Osnabrück, Ingolstadt 04, SV Wehen Wiesbaden Union Berlin, Fortuna Düsseldorf, SC Paderborn
2009–10 1. FC Kaiserslautern, FC St. Pauli Hansa Rostock, TuS Koblenz, Rot Weiss Ahlen VfL Osnabrück, Erzgebirge Aue, Ingolstadt 04
2010–11 Hertha BSC, FC Augsburg VfL Osnabrück, Rot-Weiß Oberhausen, Arminia Bielefeld Eintracht Braunschweig, Hansa Rostock, Dynamo Dresden
2011–12 Greuther Fürth, Eintracht Frankfurt, Fortuna Düsseldorf (via play-off) Hansa Rostock, Alemannia Aachen, Karlsruher SC SV Sandhausen, VfR Aalen, Jahn Regensburg
2012–13 Hertha BSC, Eintracht Braunschweig MSV Duisburg, Jahn Regensburg Karlsruher SC, Arminia Bielefeld
2013–14 1. FC Köln, SC Paderborn Energie Cottbus, Dynamo Dresden, Arminia Bielefeld (via play-off) 1. FC Heidenheim, RB Leipzig, Darmstadt 98
2014–15 Ingolstadt 04, Darmstadt 98 Erzgebirge Aue, VfR Aalen Arminia Bielefeld, MSV Duisburg
2015–16 SC Freiburg, RB Leipzig MSV Duisburg, FSV Frankfurt, SC Paderborn Dynamo Dresden, Erzgebirge Aue, Würzburger Kickers
2016–17 VfB Stuttgart, Hannover 96 1860 Munich (to RL Bayern), Würzburger Kickers, Karlsruher SC MSV Duisburg, Holstein Kiel, Jahn Regensburg
2017–18 Fortuna Düsseldorf, 1. FC Nürnberg Eintracht Braunschweig, 1. FC Kaiserslautern 1. FC Magdeburg, SC Paderborn
2018–19 1. FC Köln, SC Paderborn, Union Berlin (via play-off) 1. FC Magdeburg, MSV Duisburg, FC Ingolstadt VfL Osnabrück, Karlsruher SC, SV Wehen Wiesbaden
2019–20 Arminia Bielefeld, VfB Stuttgart SV Wehen Wiesbaden, Dynamo Dresden Würzburger Kickers, Eintracht Braunschweig
2020–21 VfL Bochum, Greuther Fürth VfL Osnabrück (via play-off), Eintracht Braunschweig, Würzburger Kickers Dynamo Dresden, Hansa Rostock, FC Ingolstadt
2021–22 Schalke 04, Werder Bremen Dynamo Dresden (via play-off), Erzgebirge Aue, FC Ingolstadt 1. FC Magdeburg, Eintracht Braunschweig, 1. FC Kaiserslautern
2022–23 1. FC Heidenheim, Darmstadt 98 Arminia Bielefeld (via play-off), Jahn Regensburg, SV Sandhausen SV Elversberg, VfL Osnabrück, Wehen Wiesbaden

Records

Player records

Appearances

As of end of 2022–23 season.[97]
Rank Player Apps Years Club(s)
1 Germany Willi Landgraf 508 1987–2006 Alemannia Aachen 188, Rot-Weiss Essen 119, FC Homburg 107, FC Gütersloh 94
2 Spain Joaquín Montañés 479 1974–1989 Alemannia Aachen 479
3 Germany Karl-Heinz Schulz 463 1977–1991 SC Freiburg 287, Freiburger FC 176
4 Germany Hans Wulf 440 1974–1989 KSV Hessen Kassel 231, Schwarz-Weiß Essen 118, Wormatia Worms 59, Hannover 96 32
5 Germany Wolfgang Krüger 428 1975–1988 Union Solingen 428
6 Germany Hans-Jürgen Gede 416 1977–1990 Fortuna Köln 344, Preußen Münster 72
7 Germany Andreas Helmer 411 1983–1998 SV Meppen 244, VfL Osnabrück 167
8 Germany Gerd Paulus 407 1974–1989 Kickers Offenbach 304, SV Röchling Völklingen 103
9 Germany Oliver Posniak 403 1977–1989 Darmstadt 98 290, FSV Frankfurt 113
10 Germany Dirk Hupe 399 1975–1994 Fortuna Köln 212, Union Solingen 187

Top scorers

As of 16 December 2023[98]
Rank Player Goals Apps Ratio Years Club(s)
1 Germany Simon Terodde 1752950.59 2008– VfL Bochum (41/66), Schalke 04 (33/42), 1. FC Köln (29/33), VfB Stuttgart (25/32), Hamburger SV (24/33), Union Berlin (23/87), MSV Duisburg (0/2)
2 Germany Dieter Schatzschneider 1532010.76 1978–1987 Hannover 96 (131/160), Fortuna Köln (22/41)
3 Germany Karl-Heinz Mödrath 1502720.55 1974–1983 Fortuna Köln (143/247), Alemannia Aachen (7/25)
4 Germany Theo Gries 1232930.42 1985–1994 Hertha BSC (67/148), Alemannia Aachen (47/125), Hannover 96 (8/20)
5 Germany Sven Demandt 1213170.38 1987–2001 Mainz 05 (55/179), Fortuna Düsseldorf (49/74), Hertha BSC (17/64)
6 Germany Walter Krause 1202730.44 1974–1983 Kickers Offenbach (98/237), Wattenscheid 09 (13/20), Rot-Weiß Oberhausen (9/16)
7 Germany Daniel Jurgeleit 1173930.30 1982–1997 Union Solingen (59/193), FC Homburg (34/133), VfB Lübeck (24/67)
8 Germany Gerd-Volker Schock 1162420.48 1974–1984 VfL Osnabrück (95/205), Arminia Bielefeld (21/37)
9 Germany Franz Gerber 1152130.54 1975–1987 FC St. Pauli (42/73), ESV Ingolstadt (23/36), Wuppertaler SV (19/32), 1860 Munich (19/35), Hannover 96 (12/37)
Germany Paul Linz 1152330.49 1979–1988 VfL Osnabrück (52/108), Freiburger FC (36/69), Waldhof Mannheim (16/37), OSC Bremerhaven (11/19)

Boldface indicates a player still active in the 2. Bundesliga.

Match records

Largest win[99]
Arminia Bielefeld – Arminia Hannover 11–0 (23 May 1980) 11
Most goals in a game[100]
1. FC Kaiserslautern – SV Meppen 7–6 (11 June 1997) 13
Most goals in a game for a player[101]
Ottmar Hitzfeld – (VfB Stuttgart – Jahn Regensburg on 13 May 1977) 6

Spectators

The spectator figures since 1992, when the league returned to the single division format:

Spectators
Season Over all Average Best supported club Average
1992–93[102] 3,098,153 5,613 FC St. Pauli 14,120
1993–94[103] 2,649,849 6,973 1860 Munich 19,553
1994–95[104] 2,238,271 7,315 FC St. Pauli 17,211
1995–96[105] 2,300,480 7,518 1. FC Nürnberg 16,465
1996–97[106] 2,731,439 8,952 1.FC Kaiserslautern 36,680
1997–98[107] 2,843,170 9,291 1. FC Nürnberg 24,759
1998–99[108] 2,635,431 8,613 Hannover 96 19,229
1999–2000[109] 3,735,624 12,208 1. FC Köln 28,853
2000–01[110] 3,218,861 10,519 Borussia Mönchengladbach 23,458
2001–02[111] 2,760,839 9,022 Hannover 96 20,562
2002–03[112] 3,403,895 11,124 1. FC Köln 26,459
2003–04[113] 2,911,457 9,515 1. FC Nürnberg 16,152
2004–05[114] 4,135,108 13,513 1. FC Köln 38,482
2005–06[115] 4,024,776 13,153 1860 Munich 41,932
2006–07[116] 5,112,072 16,706 1. FC Köln 42,194
2007–08[117] 5,551,586 18,142 1. FC Köln 43,763
2008–09[118] 4,814,737 15,734 1. FC Kaiserslautern 34,409
2009–10[119] 4,616,048 15,085 1. FC Kaiserslautern 35,398
2010–11[120] 4,526,857 14,794 Hertha BSC 46,131
2011–12[121] 5,276,103 17,242 Eintracht Frankfurt 37,641
2012–13[122] 5,274,798 17,238 1. FC Köln 40,688
2013–14[123] 5,475,652 17,894 1. FC Köln 46,176
2014–15[124] 5,405,811 17,666 1. FC Kaiserslautern 33,013
2015–16[125] 5,857,626 19,143 1. FC Nürnberg 30,723
2016–17[126] 6,645,406 21,717 VfB Stuttgart 50,515
2017–18[127] 5,380,757 17,584 1. FC Nürnberg 30,558
2018–19[128] 5,853,246 19,128 1. FC Köln 49,547
2019–20[129] 4,583,300 14,978 VfB Stuttgart 39,503[130]
2020–21[131] 104,547 342 Hannover 96 982[132]
2021–22[133] 4,123,434 13,699 Schalke 04 33,528[134]
2022–23[135] 6,800,413 22,224 Hamburger SV 53,529

Top scorers

The most recent top goal scorers in the league:[136]

Top scorers
Season Top scorer(s) Club(s) Goals
2012–13 Democratic Republic of the Congo Dominick Kumbela Eintracht Braunschweig 19
2013–14 Turkey Mahir Sağlık / Slovakia Jakub Sylvestr Paderborn 07 / Erzgebirge Aue 15
2014–15 Germany Rouwen Hennings Karlsruher SC 17
2015–16 Germany Simon Terodde VfL Bochum 25
2016–17 Germany Simon Terodde VfB Stuttgart 25
2017–18 Germany Marvin Ducksch Holstein Kiel 18
2018–19 Germany Simon Terodde 1. FC Köln 29
2019–20 Germany Fabian Klos Arminia Bielefeld 21
2020–21 Germany Serdar Dursun Darmstadt 98 27
2021–22 Germany Simon Terodde Schalke 04 30
2022–23 Germany Tim Kleindienst 1. FC Heidenheim 25

Second division in the European Cup

So far, clubs of the 2. Bundesliga have participated in the European Cup six times:

References

  1. 1 2 "Die Rekorde der 2. Bundesliga – historische Bestmarken im Überblick" (in German). BUNDESLIGA. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
  2. ↑ "Bundesliga". DEUTSCHER FUSSBALL-BUND. 7 May 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
  3. ↑ "All-time table of the first Bundesliga* in Germany from 1963/1964 to 2020/2021". statista. 7 February 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  4. ↑ DSFS Liga-Chronik seit 1945 (in German) publisher: DSFS, published: 2005, pages C 3 & 4
  5. ↑ 2. Bundesliga Nord http://www.fussballdaten.de, Tables and results of the 2. Bundesliga Nord 1974 to 1981. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  6. ↑ 2. Bundesliga Süd http://www.fussballdaten.de, Tables and results of the 2. Bundesliga Süd 1974 to 1981. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  7. ↑ "2. Bundesliga Tipps" (in German). Sportwetten. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  8. ↑ 2. Bundesliga: Geschichte, Regeln, Rekorde (in German) http://www.spox.com. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  9. ↑ Die Spielstatistik 1. FC Saarbrücken – SV Darmstadt 98 http://www.fussballdaten.de, Game report 1. FC Saarbrücken vs SV Darmstadt 98 (2 August 1974). Retrieved 15 February 2014
  10. ↑ 2. Bundesliga Nord 1974/1975 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  11. ↑ 2. Bundesliga Süd 1974/1975 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  12. 1 2 3 4 Bundesliga http://www.fussballdaten.de, Tables and results of the Bundesliga 1963 to present. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  13. ↑ 2. Bundesliga Nord 1975/1976 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  14. ↑ 2. Bundesliga Süd 1975/1976 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  15. ↑ Tore pro Spielrunde (in German) weltfussball.de, 2. Bundesliga: Goals per round. Retrieved 27 February 2014
  16. ↑ 2. Bundesliga Nord 1976/1977 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  17. ↑ 2. Bundesliga Süd 1976/1977 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  18. ↑ 2. Bundesliga » Statistik » Die meisten Tore eines Spielers pro Spiel (in German) weltfussball.de, 2. Bundesliga players with record number of goals in a game. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  19. ↑ 2. Bundesliga Nord 1977/1978 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  20. ↑ 2. Bundesliga Süd 1977/1978 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  21. ↑ 2. Bundesliga » Torschützenkönige (in German) weltfussball.de, 2. Bundesliga: Top goal scorers by season. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  22. ↑ 2. Bundesliga Nord 1978/1979 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  23. ↑ 2. Bundesliga Süd 1978/1979 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  24. ↑ 2. Bundesliga Nord 1979/1980 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  25. ↑ 2. Bundesliga Süd 1979/1980 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  26. ↑ 2. Bundesliga » Statistik » Die höchsten Siege (in German) weltfussball.de, 2. Bundesliga: Biggest wins. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  27. ↑ DSFS Liga-Chronik seit 1945 (in German) publisher: DSFS, published: 2005, page C 22
  28. ↑ 2. Bundesliga Nord 1980/1981 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  29. ↑ 2. Bundesliga Süd 1980/1981 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  30. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 1981/1982 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  31. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 1982/1983 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  32. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 1983/1984 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  33. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 1984/1985 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
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  35. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 1985/1986 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  36. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 1986/1987 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  37. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 1987/1988 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  38. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 1988/1989 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  39. 1 2 2. Bundesliga » Rekordspieler (in German) weltfussball.de, 2. Bundesliga players with record number of games. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  40. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 1989/1990 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  41. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 1990/1991 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  42. ↑ 2. Bundesliga Nord 1991/1992 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  43. ↑ 2. Bundesliga Süd 1991/1992 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  44. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 1992/1993 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  45. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 1993/1994 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  46. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 1994/1995 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  47. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 1995/1996 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  48. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 1996/1997 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  49. ↑ 2. Bundesliga » Statistik » Die torreichsten Spiele (in German) weltfussball.de, 2. Bundesliga: Most goals in a game. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  50. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 1997/1998 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  51. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 1998/1999 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  52. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 1999/2000 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  53. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2000/2001 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  54. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2001/2002 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  55. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2002/2003 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  56. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2003/2004 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  57. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2004/2005 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  58. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2005/2006 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
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  61. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2007/2008 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  62. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2008/2009 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
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  64. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2010/2011 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  65. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2011/2012 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
  66. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2012/2013 http://www.fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 15 February 2014
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  72. ↑ "DFL und adidas feiern 50 Jahre Bundesliga: Neues Logo und neuer Ball zum Jubiläum" [DFL and adidas celebrate 50 years of the Bundesliga: New logo and new ball for the anniversary]. Bundesliga (in German). Deutsche Fußball Liga. 4 May 2012. Archived from the original on 29 December 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
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  75. ↑ "Questions about the league". bundesliga.de. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
  76. 1 2 3 "All-time league table". WorldFootball.net. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  77. ↑ "Hertha BSC – Vereinsinfos" (in German). fussballdaten. Retrieved 24 March 2021.
  78. ↑ Weber, Tom (5 January 2021). "Rot-Weiss Essen's Long Road to Recovery". FSAEIB. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
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  81. ↑ "Prayer Profile – Personal Information". DEUTSCHER FUSSBALL-BUND. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  82. ↑ Christoph, Manfred (1 December 2004). "Aachen's little big man". UEFA Europa League. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
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  84. ↑ "FC St. Pauli – VfL Wolfsburg" (in German). sport.de. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  85. ↑ "Freiburger FC – FV Würzburg 04" (in German). sport.de. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  86. ↑ "FC Bayern Hof – BSV Schwenningen" (in German). sport.de. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  87. ↑ "Karlsruher SC – ESV Ingolstadt" (in German). sport.de. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  88. ↑ "Hansa Rostock – TuS Koblenz" (in German). sport.de. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  89. ↑ "Waldhof Mannheim – BV 08 Lüttringhausen" (in German). sport.de. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  90. ↑ "Hannover 96 – Karlsruher SC" (in German). sport.de. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
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  92. ↑ "SSV Ulm 1846 – Stuttgarter Kickers" (in German). sport.de. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  93. ↑ "SpVgg Unterhaching – 1. FC Saarbrücken" (in German). sport.de. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  94. ↑ "1. FC Kaiserslautern – SV Meppen" (in German). sport.de. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
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  103. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 1993/1994 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 1993–94. Retrieved 28 February 2014
  104. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 1994/1995 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 1994–95. Retrieved 28 February 2014
  105. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 1995/1996 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 1995–96. Retrieved 28 February 2014
  106. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 1996/1997 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 1996–97. Retrieved 28 February 2014
  107. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 1997/1998 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 1997–98. Retrieved 28 February 2014
  108. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 1998/1999 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 1998–99. Retrieved 27 February 2014
  109. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 1999/2000 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 1999–2000. Retrieved 27 February 2014
  110. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2000/2001 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2000–01. Retrieved 18 February 2014
  111. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2001/2002 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2001–02. Retrieved 18 February 2014
  112. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2002/2003 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2002–03. Retrieved 18 February 2014
  113. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2003/2004 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2003–04. Retrieved 18 February 2014
  114. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2004/2005 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2004–05. Retrieved 18 February 2014
  115. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2005/2006 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2005–06. Retrieved 18 February 2014
  116. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2006/2007 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2006–07. Retrieved 18 February 2014
  117. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2007/2008 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2007–08. Retrieved 18 February 2014
  118. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2008/2009 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2008–09. Retrieved 18 February 2014
  119. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2009/2010 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2009–10. Retrieved 18 February 2014
  120. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2010/2011 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2010–11. Retrieved 18 February 2014
  121. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2011/2012 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2011–12. Retrieved 18 February 2014
  122. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2012/2013 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2012–13. Retrieved 18 February 2014
  123. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2013/2014 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2013–14. Retrieved 18 February 2014
  124. ↑ 2. Bundesliga 2014/2015 » Zuschauer (in German) weltfussball.de, Spectator figures 2014–15. Retrieved 19 May 2015
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  126. ↑ "2. Bundesliga 2016/2017 " Zuschauer" (in German). Weltfussball.de. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
  127. ↑ "2. Bundesliga 2017/2018 " Zuschauer" (in German). Weltfussball.de. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  128. ↑ "2. Bundesliga 2018/2019 " Zuschauer" (in German). Weltfussball.de. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
  129. ↑ "2. Bundesliga 2019/2020 " Zuschauer" (in German). Weltfussball.de. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  130. ↑ The last matchdays were played behind closed doors due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
  131. ↑ "2. Bundesliga 2020/2021 " Zuschauer" (in German). Weltfussball.de. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  132. ↑ The majority of matches were played behind closed doors due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
  133. ↑ "2. Bundesliga 2021/2022 " Zuschauer" (in German). Weltfussball.de. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
  134. ↑ The majority of the first half of the season were played behind closed doors due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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  137. ↑ "UEFA-Pokal, 1991/1992, 1. Runde" (in German). DEUTSCHER FUSSBALL-BUND. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
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  144. ↑ "AEK Athen – Alemannia Aachen" (in German). sport.de. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
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