World War II

Tinian, Mariana Islands, 1945^{[lower-alpha 3]}

313th Bombardment Wing HQ Tinian, Mariana Islands, 1945

The 313th Bombardment Wing was organized at Peterson Field, Colorado in the spring of 1944 as a very heavy bombardment wing, to be equipped with Boeing B-29 Superfortresses. Operational groups assigned to the wing were the 6th and 9th Bombardment Groups.^[1] Both were existing units with the 6th being reassigned from the Sixth Air Force in the Caribbean, where it was performing antisubmarine missions and protecting the Panama Canal from airfields in Panama. The 9th was assigned to Army Air Forces Training Command in Florida as part of its school of applied tactics. Both groups were reassigned to bases in Nebraska – to (Grand Island Army Air Field and McCook Army Air Field) respectively, where they trained initially on Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses until their B-29 aircraft could be manufactured and made available to them. Two other bombardment groups, the 504th and 505th were formed as new units (504th at Fairmont Army Air Field, the 505th at Harvard Army Air Field), also being assigned to bases in Nebraska for training. After dealing with various training issues and also problems with the B-29s they received, the combat groups were ready to deploy to the Pacific Theater and departed for North Field, on the Tinian, arriving during late December 1944.

On Tinian, the wing was assigned to the XXI Bomber Command of Twentieth Air Force. Once in place, the groups of the 313th "began flying missions, initially against Iwo Jima, the Truk Islands, and other Japanese held areas. Later, they flew low-level night incendiary raids on area targets in Japan; participated in mining operations in the Shimonoseki Strait, and contributed to the blockade of the Japanese Empire by mining harbors in Japan and Korea. In April 1945 the 313th assisted the invasion of Okinawa by bombing Japanese airfields used by kamikaze pilots."^[1]

A fifth group, the 509th Composite Group, was assigned to the wing in May 1945 from Wendover Army Air Field, Utah. The 509th, although assigned to the 313th Wing, was operationally controlled by Headquarters, Twentieth Air Force. The 509th was given a base area near the airfield on the north tip of Tinian, several miles from the main installations in the center part of the island where the other groups were assigned. Also unlike the other groups in the wing, the 509th used a wide variety of tail codes from various XXI bomber Command groups, instead of using its own, so that the group's planes could not be identified by the Japanese. The 509th was also self-contained, and drew little in resources from the 313th Wing or its other groups.

In early August, the mission of the 509th was revealed when the group flew Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In November, the 509th was relieved from assignment to the 313th Bomb Wing and moved to Roswell Army Air Field, New Mexico.

"After the Japanese surrender in August, 313th Wing units dropped food and supplies to Allied prisoners and participated in show-of-force flights over Japan."^[1] As part of the postwar drawdown of forces, two of the Wing's groups, the 504th and 505th were inactivated in late 1945 and early 1946.

Another group, the 383d Bombardment Group, was reassigned to the 313th Bombardment Wing from Eighth Air Force in September 1945^[1] after the Eighth was drawn down on Okinawa. The Eighth Air Force was planned to be a second strategic Air Force to be used during the Operation Downfall, the invasion of Japan, which never materialized. The 383d was inactivated in December with its aircraft and personnel returning to the United States.

Pacific Air Forces

C-130 Hercules of the 345th Tactical Airlift Squadron at Ching Chuan Kang Air Base^{[lower-alpha 4]}

In March 1946, the 313th was reassigned to Thirteenth Air Force in the Philippines. In the Philippines, the wing was assigned the 5th Bombardment Group^[1] from Seventh Air Force "where it conducted bombardment training, aerial reconnaissance and mapping and construction projects."^[1] The 5th Reconnaissance Group conducted many clandestine mapping missions over non-friendly areas of Asia during the postwar era. The wing itself began phasing down for inactivation in late 1947, with the 6th and 9th bomb groups being inactivated in June 1947, and finally the 5th Group in January 1948. The 313th Bombardment Wing was itself inactivated in June 1948.^[1]

In March 1955, the organization was redesignated as the 313th Air Division as part of Far East Air Forces' Fifth Air Force, at Kadena Air Base, Okinawa. The mission of the 313th was the command of USAF units stationed on Okinawa.

Throughout the years of the Cold War, the 313th assumed "responsibility for air defense of the Ryukyu Islands and tactical operations in the Far East, maintaining assigned forces at the highest possible degree of combat readiness. In addition, it supported Fifth Air Force in the development, planning, and coordination of requirements for future Air Force operations in the Ryukyu Islands. The division also supported numerous Pacific Air Forces exercises such as Cope Thunder, Cope Diamond, Team Spirit, and Cope North"^[1]

The 313th was inactivated on 1 October 1991^[1] as part of a general drawdown of USAF forces in the Pacific after the end of the Cold War.

Assignments

• Second Air Force, 23 April – 8 June 1944
• XXI Bomber Command, 8 June 1944 – 16 July 1945
• Twentieth Air Force, 16 July 1945 – 13 March 1946
• Thirteenth Air Force, 13 March 1946 – 15 June 1948
• Fifth Air Force, 1 March 1955 – 1 October 1991^[1]

Units assigned

Stations

• Peterson Field, Colorado, 23 April – 5 November 1944
• North Field, Tinian, Mariana Islands, 24 December 1944 – 17 February 1946
• Clark Field (later Clark Air Base), Luzon, Philippines, 17 February 1946 – 15 June 1948
• Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, 1 March 1955 – 1 October 1991^[1]

Notes

Explanatory notes

Citations

Bibliography

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979.
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556.
• Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947–1977. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9.
• Rogers, Brian. (2005). United States Air Force Unit Designations Since 1978. Hinkley, UK: Midland Publications. ISBN 1-85780-197-0.