 Class symbol | |
 A 420 under sail | |
| Development | |
|---|---|
| Designer | Christian Maury |
| Location | France |
| Year | 1959 |
| Design | One-Design |
| Role | Youth trainer, racing |
| Boat | |
| Displacement | 100 kilograms (220 lb) |
| Draft | 0.965 metres (3 ft 2.0 in) |
| Trapeze | Single |
| Hull | |
| Type | Monohull |
| Construction | GRP |
| Hull weight | 80 kilograms (180 lb) |
| LOA | 4.20 metres (13 ft 9 in) |
| Beam | 1.63 metres (5 ft 4 in) |
| Hull appendages | |
| Keel/board type | Centerboard |
| Rig | |
| Rig type | Bermuda |
| Mast length | 6.26 metres (20 ft 6 in) |
| Sails | |
| Mainsail area | 7.45 square metres (80.2 sq ft) |
| Jib/genoa area | 2.8 square metres (30 sq ft) |
| Spinnaker area | 8.83 square metres (95.0 sq ft) |
| Upwind sail area | 10.25 square metres (110.3 sq ft)[1] |
| Racing | |
| D-PN | 97.6[2] |
| RYA PN | 1087[3] |
The International 420 Dinghy is a sailing dinghy popular for racing and teaching. The hull is fiberglass with internal buoyancy tanks. The 420 has a bermuda rig, spinnaker and trapeze. It has a large sail-area-to-weight ratio, and is designed to plane easily. The 420 is an International class recognised by World Sailing. The name refers to the boat's length of 420 centimetres (4.2 m; 13 ft 9 in).
History
The International 420 was designed by Christian Maury in France in the year 1959. The class developed rapidly in France, being adopted nationally as a youth trainer for the larger Olympic class International 470. By the late 1960s the class was adopted by a few UK university sailing clubs for training and team racing.
Construction
The class adopted a policy of "prudent evolution" so as to allow development without making existing dinghies obsolete. The hull's seaworthiness and stability at speed proved to be better than most of its contemporaries, and this together with its modest sail area make it fun to sail in heavy weather and thus an excellent youth trainer, qualities that led to its adoption for that role by the Royal Yachting Association in the mid-1970s. In addition, the international 420 is known for its inherent lightness. The floatability of the boat made for a safer training vessel.[4]
With its trapeze and spinnaker it provides the capability for advanced sailing techniques for international standard sailors, while still remaining affordable and accessible to beginners. The International 420 maintains a large multinational class association. The combination of effective class management, the boat's inherent sailing qualities, and prudent evolution have contributed to the class's continuing success.
Club 420
The Club 420, or C420,[5] is a derivative of the 420 and is not recognized by World Sailing or the International 420 Class Association. Designed by Vanguard boats in the 1970s, it has a heavier hull, reinforced for durability in institutional sailing, and a stiff, untapered mast. The boat is much more simple to sail, yet lacks the performance of the original dinghy due to its extra weight. The Club 420 is used extensively on the youth race circuit in the US, with over 5,000 boats in North America,[6] but is not sailed in most other countries. It cannot be used at I420 class events.
Z420
The Z420 is a transformation of the Club 420. The Z420 hull is 50 pounds (23 kg) lighter and 40 percent stiffer than the C420. Whereas a C420 hull is composed of six pieces, the Z420 has only three molded components: the hull, the deck, and the mast partners. Unlike the C420, the Z420 does not include a spinnaker or trapeze in its rigging. Z420 boats are specially designed for college sailing and were used at the Inter-Collegiate Sailing Association National Championships in 2014 for the first time.[7]
Events
Open
| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1973 Adelaide | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} AustraliaWangel Giles |
||
| 1974 Kiel |  FranceAlain Chourgnoz Denis Cerda |
||
| 1975 Medemblik |  United StatesWhitehurst |
France Russo |
 NetherlandsCarels |
| 1976 Barrington | United States Stephen Taylor Joan Massey |
||
| 1977 Baiona | United States Stephen Taylor Joan Massey |
 Israel |
|
| 1978 Jyllinge | France Pollet Johanssen |
 Great BritainCathy Foster Wendy Hilder |
 SpainSallent Isnard |
| 1979 Tróia |  ItalyDi Salle Vassalo |
 West GermanyMöller Möller |
 New ZealandDickson Wilcox |
| 1980 Quiberon | Israel Shimshon Brokman Eitan Friedlander |
France Brenac Mikuelis |
France Jaffrezeic Berthonneau |
| 1982 Adelaide | Australia Ferris McKay |
United States Brown |
West Germany Etten |
| 1984 Annapolis | West Germany A. Andruleit H. Andruleit |
West Germany Filimonow Stöckmann |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} CanadaEllis Ferrow |
| 1986 Nieuwpoort | France Eric Godard Christophe Godard |
||
| 1987 Balatonfüred | France Jean-François Berthet Gwendoel Berthet |
France Eric Godard Christophe Godard |
Spain José Miguel Ramis Antonio Morro |
| 1988 Lake Macquarie | France W. Sanchez-Diez Bertrand Dumortier |
West Germany Christian Halm Alexander Halm |
France Jean-François Berthet Gwendoel Berthet |
| 1989 Mošćenička Draga | France David Ravet Bertrand Loyal |
Great Britain Steve Irish Greg Irish |
Great Britain John Merricks Rob Wilson |
| 1990 Crozon | France Christian Gout Jean Gout |
||
| 1991 Rimini | Great Britain Steve Irish Greg Irish |
||
| 1992 Caesarea | Spain Gustavo Martínez Dimias Wood |
||
| 1993 Marstrand | Italy Marcello Luciani Dario Luciani |
||
| 1994 Plymouth | Great Britain John Merricks Ian Lovering |
||
| 1995 Fremantle | Australia Roger Perrett Teague Czislowski |
||
| 1996 Blankenberge |  PortugalM. Fortunato M. Nunes |
||
| 1997 Newport | France W. Sanchez-Diez Gabriol |
Italy L. Chiarugi E. Trumpy |
|
| 1998 Palamós | France Nicolas Charbonnier David Deguine |
Open Under 17
| Gold | Silver | Bronze | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 Karatsu | Edoardo Ferraro (ITA) Francesco Orlando (ITA) |
 Aggelos Arvanitis (GRE) Theofanis Kanakaris (GRE) |
Carlos Balaguer (ESP) Ignacio Balaguer (ESP) |
|
| 2016 Sanremo | Telis Athanasopoulos (GRE) Dimitris Tassios (GRE) |
Eduard Ferrer (ESP) Carlos de Maqua (ESP) |
Enzo Balanger (FRA) Gaultier Tallieu (FRA) |
[8] |
| 2017 Fremantle (AUS) | Martín Wizner (ESP) Pedro Ameneiro (ESP) |
Tommaso Cilli (ITA) Bruno Mantero (ITA) |
Demetrio Sposato (ITA) Gabriele Centrone (ITA) |
[9] |
| 2018 Newport (USA) | Jacobo García (ESP) Antoni Ripoll (ESP) |
Marina Garau (ESP) Blanca Cabot (ESP) |
Odysseas Spanakis (GRE) Konstantinos Mixalopoulos (GRE) |
[10] |
| 2019 Vilamoura (POR) | Odysseas Spanakis (GRE) Konstaninos Mixalopoulos (GRE) |
Ange Delerce (FRA) Timothée Rossi (FRA) |
Alberto Morales (ESP) Miguel Bethencourt (ESP) |
[11] |
Male & Mixed
| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 Athens | France Nicolas Charbonnier David Deguine |
France Jean-Matthieu Constant Christopher Pratt |
Portugal Pedro Pinto Miguel Pinto |
| 2000 La Rochelle | Australia Mathew Belcher Daniel Belcher |
Italy Luca Bursic Thomas Jacob |
Greece Mileos Michaelis Theodores Polighrondis |
| 2001 Ravenna | Italy Michel Mazzotti Giulia Mazzotti |
Spain R. Medina J. Cerezo |
Italy B. Danti F. Geggio |
| 2002 Tavira |  IndiaFarokh Tarapore Vikas Kapila |
Great Britain Nic Asher Elliot Willis |
France Morgan Lagravière Noé Delpech |
| 2003 Hayling Island | Spain José Antonio Medina Onán Barreiros |
France Nicolas Duron Sébastian Durand |
France Morgan Lagravière Noé Delpech |
| 2004 Melbourne | Australia Nathan Wilmot Malcolm Page |
Australia Mathew Belcher Rike Ziegelmayer |
Australia Nathan Outteridge Ayden Menzies |
| 2005 Brest | Portugal Tomas da Silva Francisco Gomes |
Italy Alfredo Capodanno Vittorio Papa |
Spain Pablo Santurde Abelardo Quevedo |
| 2006 Las Palmas | New Zealand Carl Evans Peter Burling |
New Zealand Simon Cooke Scott Illingworth |
France Fernando Lodos Julien Pulve |
| 2007 Auckland | New Zealand Carl Evans Peter Burling |
New Zealand Simon Cooke Scott Illingworth |
New Zealand Rowan Swanson Bruce Kennedy |
| 2008 Athens | Greece Michalis Mileos Evangelos-Vasileio Mitakis |
Greece Vasilis Papoutsoglou Akilas Drougas |
Italy Edoardo Mancinelli Lorenzo de Felice |
| 2009 Lake Garda | Greece Antonios Tsimpoukelis George Karonis |
New Zealand Francisco Lardies Finn Drummond |
Great Britain Ben Palmer Konrad Weaver |
| 2010 Haifa |  SingaporeJustin Liu Sherman Cheng |
Italy Francesco Falcetelli Gabriele Franciolini |
Italy Edoardo Mancinelli Leonardo Cucchiara |
| 2011 Buenos Aires |
 ArgentinaPablo Völker Agustín Cunill |
Italy Edoardo Mancinelli Leonardo Cucchiara |
 ChileBenjamín Grez Diego González |
| 2012 Lake Neusiedl | Greece Alex Kavas George Kavas |
France Guillaume Pirouelle Valentin Sipan |
Spain David Charles Alex Charles |
| 2013 Valencia | Spain Xavier Antich Pedro Terrones |
 BrazilTiago Brito Andrei Kneipp |
France Sébastien Simon Pierre Rhimbault |
| 2014 Lübeck | Spain José Manuel Ruiz Fernando Dávila |
France Hippolyte Macheti Sidoine Dantes |
Israel Ido Bilik Ofek Shalgi |
| 2015 Karatsu |  JapanDaichi Takayama Syota Nakano |
United States Wiley Rogers Jack Parkin |
 Hong KongCalum Gregor Hugo Christensson |
| 2016 Sanremo[12] | Portugal Diogo Costa Pedro Costa |
United States Wiley Rogers Jack Parkin |
Greece Vasilios Gourgiotis Orestis Batsis |
| 2017 Fremantle[13] | Spain Enrique Luján Pablo Luján |
Spain Albert Torres Francisco Mulet |
Spain Carlos Balaguer Antoni Massanet |
| 2018 Newport[14] | New Zealand Seb Menzies Blake McGlashan |
Spain Elías Aretz Pablo García |
Spain Martín Wizner Pedro Ameneiro |
| 2019 Vilamoura[15] | Spain Martín Wizner Pedro Ameneiro |
New Zealand Seb Menzies Blake McGlashan |
Spain Conrad Konitzer Fernando Rodríguez |
Female
| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 Charlottenlund | Italy Claudia Mazzaferro Galeazzi |
||
| 1981 | Italy Claudia Mazzaferro Galeazzi |
||
| 1986 Nieuwpoort | Italy M. Bazzini D. De Cagno |
||
| 1987 Cervia | France V. Ravet D. Besson |
||
| 1988 | Spain Leon Leon |
||
| 1989 |  SwedenMartina Wendin Boel Bengtsson |
||
| 1990 Miura | France Céline Hendrick Catherine Condolf |
||
| 1991 Rimini | France Marie LeCadre Laure Fernandez |
||
| 1998 Galaxidi | Israel Limor Kliger Vered Buskila |
||
| 1999 Athens | Greece Dimitra Milona Aliki Kourkoulou |
||
| 2000 La Rochelle | Great Britain Christina Bassedone Helen Mayhew |
Greece Altana Danezi Evagelia Vlachov |
Italy Elena Ziliani Alessandra Marenzi |
| 2001 Ravenna | Italy Elisabetta Sacchegiani Maria Paola Bertone |
Italy Sara Postogna Anna Postogna |
Italy Carolina Mariani Camilla Gabrielli |
| 2002 Tavira | France Caroline Jonet Magali Pallanca |
Greece Spiridoula Mileou Sofia Papadopoulou |
Brazil Isabel Barzaghi Laura Zani |
| 2003 Hayling Island | Brazil Isabel Barzaghi Laura Zani |
Great Britain Charlotte Savage Maia Walsh |
Germany Dorothea Gebert Natascha Lorenz |
| 2004 Mornington | Australia Elise Rechichi Tessa Parkinson |
Great Britain Lucy MacGregor Nicola MacGregor |
France Camille Lecointre Gwendolyn Lemaitre |
| 2005 Brest | Italy Maria Stella Turizio Maria Carolina Rendano |
France Marie Lumeau Claire Bossard |
Great Britain Maria Stanley Catherine Alton |
| 2006 Las Palmas | Great Britain Hannah Mills Peggy Webster |
Spain Tara Pacheco Elena Barambio |
Italy Benedetta Danti Elisa Cecconi |
| 2007 Auckland | New Zealand Jo Aleh Polly Powrie |
New Zealand Shelley Hesson Bianca Barbarich-Bacher |
New Zealand Sarah Bilkey Rosie Sargisson |
| 2008 Athens | Greece Katerina Kaitatzidou Sofia Kaitatzidou |
Israel Gil Cohen Adva Kremer |
Greece Afrodite Kyranakou Elena Nikiforidi |
| 2009 Lake Garda | New Zealand Alex Maloney Bianca Barbarich-Bacher |
Italy Camilla Marino Claudia Soricelli |
United States Sydney Bolger Caitlin Beavers |
| 2010 Haifa | Italy Roberta Caputo Benedetta Barbiero |
United States Morgan Kiss Katia Da Silva |
Italy Christina Celli Silvia Morini |
| 2011 Buenos Aires | Great Britain Annabel Vose Megan Brickwood |
Germany Nadine Bohm Monika Lindner |
France Maelenn Lemaitre Aloïse Retornaz |
| 2012 Lake Neusiedl | Singapore Rachel Lee Cecilia Low |
Chile Nadja Horwitz Sofia Middleton |
Singapore Griselda Khng Shu Xian Lee |
| 2013 Valencia | Great Britain Annabel Cattermole Bryony Bennett-Lloyd |
Singapore Kimberly Lim Savannah Siew |
United States Sara Scotto Di Vettimo Vittoria Barbiero |
| 2014 Lübeck | Italy Carlotta Omari Francesca Russo Cirillo |
Singapore Kimberly Lim Savannah Siew |
Greece Aikaterini Tavoulari Fotini Koutsoumpou |
| 2015 Karatsu | Spain Marta Garrido María Jesus Dávila |
France Charlotte Yven Marine Riou |
Japan Misaki Tanaka Sena Takano |
| 2016 Sanremo[16] | Italy Francesca Russo Cirillo Alice Linussi |
Spain María Bover Guerrero Clara Llabrés |
Italy Maria Vittoria Marchesini Cecilia Fedel |
| 2017 Fremantle[17] | Australia Nia Jerwood Monique de Vries |
Australia Laura Harding Eleanor Grimshaw |
Italy Arianna Passamonti Giulia Fava |
| 2018 Newport[18] | Spain Patricia Reino Isabel Laiseca |
Spain María Caba Pilar Caba |
Spain María Bover Catalina Homar |
| 2019 Vilamoura[19] | Great Britain Vita Heathcote Milly Boyle |
Italy Irene Calici Petra Gregori |
Greece Melina Pappa Maria Tsamopoulou |
420 Team Racing World Championships
The boat has been used for team racing in both the ISAF Team Racing World Championship and the ISAF World Sailing Games however the class established its own team racing competition in 2015. Only the International 14 and Optimist (dinghy) class association hold a team racing based World Championships in addition to the two discipline led events.
| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 Lake Garda[20] |
Spain |
Italy |
Portugal |
| 2016 Lake Garda |
IYRU Women World Championships
| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1978 Monnickendam |
Cathy Foster (GBR) Wendy Hilder (GBR) |
Marie Chrustine Hue (FRA) Claire Lefur (FRA) |
Genevieve Levaillant (FRA) Blandine Levaillant (FRA) |
| 1978 Rochester |
Cathy Foster (GBR) Wendy Hilder (GBR) |
Taylor (USA) Lewis (USA) |
Currey (GBR) Blake (GBR) |
1980  Skovshoved |
Christina Mazzaferro (ITA) Emanuela Galeazzi (ITA) |
Anna Bacchiega (ITA) Paola Bacchiega (ITA) |
Marie-Christine Hue (FRA) Claire Le Fur (FRA) |
| 1981 Stintino |
Christina Mazzaferro (ITA) Manuela Galeazzi (ITA) |
Cathy Foster (GBR) Wendy Hilder (GBR) |
Anna Bacchiega (ITA) Nives Monico (ITA) |
| 1989 Palma |
Nuria Bover (ESP) Sylvia Summer (ESP) |
Giorgia Gaudino (ITA) Sara Gaudino (ITA) |
Stephanie Pornin (FRA) Rouan (FRA) |
World Sailing – Youth Sailing World Championships
The class has been used extensively at the Youth Sailing World Championships which run by World Sailing this is different to the Class Worlds by way that equipment is supplied and entries are limited to one entry per nations but often from more nations.
Events
Club 420 North American Championship
| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 New Bedford Community Sailing, MA |
Luke Arnone Noble Renyoso |
Jack Murphy Tommy Szymanski |
|
| 2017 Buffalo Canoe Club, ON |
Maddie Hawkins Kimberly Leonard |
Sarah Burn Patricia Gerli |
|
| 2016 Cabrillo Beach YC, CA |
Cole Harris Tanner Chapko |
Luke Arnone Mariner Fagan |
|
| 2015 Sail NC, NC |
Henry Burnes Peter Barron |
Eduardo Mintzias Katie Lounsbury |
|
| 2014 Brant Beach Yacht Club, NJ | Martina Sly Ian Morgan |
Nick Hernandez Zack Jordan |
|
| 2013 St. Margaret Sailing Club, NS, CAN | Charlie Lomax Evan Morgan |
Nicholas Sertl Elizabeth Pemberton |
|
| 2012 Falmouth Yacht Club, MA | Bradley Adam Charles MacBain |
Max Simmons Riley Legault |
|
| 2011 Buffalo Canoe Club, ON, CAN |
Malcolm Lamphere Riley Legault |
Alex Curtiss Jackie Capellini |
|
| 2010 Brant Beach Yacht Club, NJ |
Pearson Potts Caitlin Connerney |
Graham Landy Colin Murphy |
|
| 2009 Macatawa Bay Yacht Club, MI |
Taylor Canfield Stephanie Roble |
Marlena Fauer Christina Lewis |
|
| 2008 Chautauqua Lake Yacht Club, NY |
Stephanie Hudson Laura McKenna |
Louis Padnos Ben Spector |
|
| 2007 Alamitos Bay Yacht Club, CA |
Adam Roberts Nick Martin |
Taylor Canfield Perry Emsiek |
|
| 2006 Bellport Bay Yacht Club, NY |
Taylor Canfield Nate Rosenberg |
Molly Lucas Charlotte Williams |
|
| 2005 Beverly Yacht Club, MA |
Tyler Sinks Ben Totder |
Steven Barbano Dan Liberty |
|
| 2004 St. Thomas Yacht Club, USVI | TJ Tullo Niki Kennedy |
John Kempton Molly Lucas |
|
| 2003 Portsmouth Olympic Harbour, ON, CAN | Leight Kempton Kaity Storck |
Chris Behm Meg Callahan |
|
| 2002 Wayzata Yacht Club, MN | TJ Tullo John Sampson |
Lee Sackett Mandy Sackett |
|
| 2001 | Marc Sorbo Ryan Heaney |
John Howell Nick Nelson |
|
| 2000 Barrington Yacht Club, RI | Kerry Logue Liz McCarthy |
Allison Robin Rebecca Doane |
|
| 1999 Plymouth Yacht Club, MA | Erin Maxwell Leslie Sandberg |
Peter Deming Cameron Williams |
|
| 1998 | Maxwell Manning Ashley Lang |
||
| 1997 Bristol, RI | Peter Levesque Nicole Ernst |
John Mollicone Heather Tow-Yick |
|
| 1996 (Scituate Harbor YC) |
Mike Richards Leah Williams Falmouth YC |
||
| 1995 (Plymouth YC) | Tim Fallon Martha Carleton Wild Harbor YC |
||
| 1994 (Portland YC) | Tim Fallon Martha Carleton Wild Harbor YC |
||
| 1993 (Wianno YC) | Andrew Buttner Laura Stearns of Plymouth YC |
||
| 1992 (Hyannis YC) | Robbie Richards & Margaret Gill of Falmouth YC |
Club 420 US National Championship
| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 Brant Beach YC, NJ |
Ansgar Jordan Patrick Mulcahy |
Luke Arnone Noble Reynoso |
|
| 2017 Wianno Yacht Club, MA |
Tucker Weed Olivia de Olazarra |
Boyd Bragg Aisling Sullivan |
|
| 2016 Falmouth YC, MA |
Nicholas Marwell Aidan Morgan |
Kyle Dochoda George Sidamon-Eristoff |
|
| 2015 Sail Newport, Newport, RI |
Stephanie Houck Camille White |
Timothy Greehouse Jack DeNatale |
|
| 2014 San Diego YC, CA |
Scott Sinks Rebecca McElvain |
Max Brill Ian Brill |
|
| 2013 Lake Geneva YC, WI | Carter Cameron Ian Dilling |
Mary Claire Kiernan Lucy Wilmont |
|
| 2012 California YC, CA |
Will La Dow Nikki Obel |
Jack Jorgensen Savanna Willard |
|
| 2011 Sheridan Shores SS, IL | Chuckie Eaton Trevor Hecht |
Ben Herman Mason Ryan |
|
| 2010 California YC, CA | Kieran Chung Ryan Davidson |
Jack Ortel Kelly Ortel |
|
| 2009 Conanicut & Jamestown YC, RI | Nick Johnstone Katia DaSilva |
Marcus Edegran Teddy Mark |
|
| 2008 Stanford SC, CA | Tyler Sinks Miles Gutenkunst |
Louis Padnos Ben Spector |
|
| 2007 Wazayta SS, MN | Sam Williams Margaret Rew |
Sydney Bolger Kayla McComb |
|
| 2006 | No Event | ||
| 2005 | No Event | ||
| 2004 | No Event | ||
| 2003 Youngstown YC, NY | Martin Sterling Sean Doyle |
Charlie Modica Patrick Bordner |
|
| 2002 Youngstown YC, NY | Lauren Padilla Robbie Ginnebau |
TJ Tullo John Sampson |
|
| 2001 No Event | |||
| 2000 Grosse Point YC, MI | Nathan Hollerbech Carrie Howe |
Lauren Padilla Ellen Padilla |
References
- ↑ "Introduction to the 420". 420 Sailing. Archived from the original on 2012-01-20.
- ↑ "Centerboard Classes". Offshore.ussailing.org. Archived from the original on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
- ↑ "Portsmouth Number List 2012". Royal Yachting Association (RYA). Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
- ↑ "Introduction to the 420 - 420 Sailing". www.420sailing.org. Retrieved 2022-08-07.
- ↑ "Boat Classes | Chester Yacht Club". chesteryachtclub.ca. Archived from the original on 2017-10-25. Retrieved 2017-10-24.
- ↑ "The C420 Association". Club420.org.
- ↑ "Z420: New School Dinghy". Sailing World.
- ↑ "2016 420 World Championships". 2016 420 World Championships.
- ↑ "2017 420 World Championships". 2017 420 World Championships.
- ↑ "2018 420 World Championships". 2018 420 World Championships.
- ↑ "2019 420 World Championship". 2019 420 World Championship.
- ↑
- ↑ "2017 420 World Championships". 2017 420 World Championships. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
- ↑ "2018 420 World Championships". 2018 420 World Championships. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ↑ "2019 420 World Championships". 2019 420 World Championships. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
- ↑
- ↑ "2017 420 World Championships". 2017 420 World Championships. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
- ↑ "2018 420 World Championships". 2018 420 World Championships. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ↑ "2019 420 World Championships". 2019 420 World Championships. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
- ↑ "International 420 World Team Racing Championship 2015". Campione Univela. Archived from the original on 19 January 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
External links
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