Joe Wilson
Official portrait, 2016
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from South Carolina's 2nd district
Assumed office
December 18, 2001
Preceded byFloyd Spence
Member of the South Carolina Senate
from the 23rd district
In office
January 8, 1985 – December 18, 2001
Preceded byConstituency established
Succeeded byJake Knotts
Personal details
Born
Addison Graves Wilson

(1947-07-31) July 31, 1947
Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
Spouse
Roxanne McCrory
​
(m. 1978)​
Children4, including Alan
EducationWashington and Lee University (BA)
University of South Carolina (JD)
WebsiteHouse website
Military service
Allegiance United States
Branch/service United States Army
Years of service1972–2003[1]
Rank Colonel
UnitUnited States Army Reserve (1972–1975)
South Carolina Army National Guard (1975–2003)

Addison Graves "Joe" Wilson Sr. (born July 31, 1947) is an American politician and attorney serving as the U.S. representative for South Carolina's 2nd congressional district since 2001. A member of the Republican Party, his district stretches from Columbia to the Georgia–South Carolina border. He served as the South Carolina state senator from the 23rd district from 1985 to 2001.

Wilson is a member of the House Republican Policy Committee and an assistant Republican whip.[2]

In September 2009, Wilson interrupted a speech by U.S. President Barack Obama to a joint session of Congress, shouting, "You lie!"[3] The incident resulted in a reprimand by the House of Representatives.[4]

Early life and education

Wilson was born in Charleston, South Carolina, the son of Wray (née Graves) and Hugh deVeaux Wilson.[5] In 1969 he obtained a bachelor's degree in political science from Washington and Lee University, where he joined Sigma Nu.[6] He obtained his Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree from the University of South Carolina School of Law in 1972.[7][8]

Early career

From 1972 to 1975, Wilson served in the United States Army Reserve. Thereafter, he was a Staff Judge Advocate in the South Carolina Army National Guard assigned to the 218th Mechanized Infantry Brigade until retiring from military service as a colonel in 2003.[9]

A real estate attorney, Wilson co-accounted the law firm Kirkland, Wilson, Moore, Taylor & Thomas[10] in West Columbia, where he practiced for over 25 years. He was also a municipal judge in Springdale, South Carolina.[11]

Wilson was active in South Carolina Republican politics when the party barely existed in the state. He took part in his first Republican campaign in 1962, when he was 15 years old. He served as an aide to Senator Strom Thurmond and to his district's congressman, Floyd Spence.

In 1981 and 1982, during the first term of the Reagan administration, Wilson served as deputy general counsel for former governor Jim Edwards at the U.S. Department of Energy. Wilson is also a graduate of Morton Blackwell's Leadership Institute in Arlington, Virginia.[12]

South Carolina Senate

Wilson was elected to the South Carolina Senate in 1984 as a Republican from Lexington County and reelected four times, the last three times unopposed. By this time, Lexington County had become one of the most Republican counties in the state. He never missed a regular legislative session in 17 years. After the Republicans gained control of the chamber in 1996, Wilson became the first Republican to chair the Senate Transportation Committee. He was a member of Columbia College's board of visitors and Coker College's board of trustees.

During his tenure in the South Carolina Senate, Wilson was the primary sponsor of bills including the following: establishing a National Guard license plate,[13] providing paid leave for state employees to perform disaster relief services,[14] and requiring men aged 18–26 to register for the Selective Service System when applying for a driver's license.[15] In 2000, Wilson was one of seven senators to vote against removing the Confederate battle flag from being displayed over the state house.[16]

U.S. House of Representatives

Committee assignments

Official House photo portrait (109th Congress)
Wilson with President George W. Bush in 2002

As of the 118th Congress, Wilson served on three standing committees and various subcommittees overseeing specific areas of legislation. He serves on the Committee on Armed Services, for which he is also a member of the Subcommittee on Readiness and Subcommittee on Strategic Forces.[17] He serves on the Committee on Education and the Workforce, for which he also is a member of the Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions.[18] As a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Wilson serves on the Subcommittee on Europe[19] and Chairs the Subcommittee on the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia.[20][21] Wilson serves as the Chair of the U.S. Helsinki Commission.[22] Wilson is a member of the Republican Study Committee,[23] Chair of the RSC National Security and Foreign Affairs Task Force,[24] and a member of the Tea Party Caucus.

Caucus memberships

Like his former boss, Spence, Wilson is an ardent social and fiscal conservative.[38]

In 2003, Wilson voted for the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act, including its Section 1011 authorizing $250,000 annually of taxpayer money to reimburse hospitals for treatment of illegal immigrants. In 2009, he changed to his current position of opposing public funds for health care of illegal immigrants.[39]

Legislation

Wilson has sponsored and co-sponsored a number of bills concerning teacher recruitment and retention, college campus fire safety, National Guard troop levels, arming airline pilots, tax credits for adoptions, tax credits for living organ donors, and state defense forces. As of January 2006, eight bills he co-sponsored have passed the House,[40] including H.R. 1973, the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005, making safe water and sanitation an objective of U.S. assistance to developing countries.[41]

Wilson is a staunch advocate of a federal prohibition of online poker. In 2006, he co-sponsored H.R. 4411, the Goodlatte-Leach Internet Gambling Prohibition Act,[42] and H.R. 4777, the Internet Gambling Prohibition Act.[43]

Wilson has cited as one of his proudest congressional achievements the Drafting Business Expensing Act of 2003, which allows businesses to immediately write off 50% of the cost of business equipment and machinery. This bonus depreciation provision was extended for 2008 and 2009 in two separate stimulus bills.[44][45] He also spearheaded the Drafting Teacher Recruitment and Retention Act of 2003, which offers higher education loan forgiveness to math, science and special education teachers in schools with predominantly low-income student populations.[46] He cites as his most important vote the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003.[46]

In 2015, Wilson cosponsored a resolution to amend the Constitution to ban same-sex marriage.[47]

Wilson sponsored H.R. 6202, the American Tech Workforce Act of 2021, introduced by Representative Jim Banks. The legislation would establish a wage floor for the high-skill H-1B visa program, thereby significantly reducing employer dependence on the program. The bill would also eliminate the Optional Practical Training program that allows foreign graduates to stay and work in the United States.[48]

"You lie!" outburst during Obama address

On September 9, 2009, during a nationally televised joint address to Congress by President Barack Obama, Wilson shouted "You lie!"[49][50][51][52] after Obama, while outlining his proposal for reforming health care, said, "There are also those who claim that our reform effort will insure illegal immigrants. This, too, is false—the reforms I'm proposing would not apply to those who are here illegally."[53]

Obama's chief of staff Rahm Emanuel immediately approached senior Republican lawmakers and asked them to identify the heckler and urge him to apologize immediately.[54] Members of Congress from both parties condemned the outburst. "Totally disrespectful", said Senator John McCain of Wilson's utterance. "No place for it in that setting or any other and he should apologize immediately."[55][56] Wilson said later in a statement:

This evening I let my emotions get the best of me when listening to the President's remarks regarding the coverage of undocumented immigrants in the health care bill. While I disagree with the President's statement, my comments were inappropriate and regrettable. I extend sincere apologies to the President for this lack of civility.[57]

Obama accepted his apology. "I'm a big believer that we all make mistakes", he said. "He apologized quickly and without equivocation and I'm appreciative of that."[58]

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

House Democrats called on Wilson to issue a formal apology on the House floor.[59] House Majority Whip Jim Clyburn said, "This is about the rules of the House". House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer said, "What's at issue here is of importance to the House and of importance to the country ... This House cannot stay silent".

Wilson refused to apologize to the House of Representatives, saying in a televised interview, "I believe one apology is sufficient."[60] Congressional Republicans agreed, and opposed further action. Minority Leader John Boehner said, "I think this is a sad day for the House of Representatives ... I think this is a political stunt aimed at distracting the American people from what they really care about, which is health care."[61] On September 15, the House approved a "resolution of disapproval" against Wilson by a 240–179 vote almost exactly along party lines.[62]

Wilson said that his outburst reflected his view that Obama's bill would provide government-subsidized benefits to illegal immigrants.[63] Several fact-checking organizations wrote that Wilson's view was inaccurate because HR 3200 expressly excludes undocumented aliens from receiving government-subsidized "affordability credits".[64][65][66] The nonpartisan Congressional Research Service agreed that people would need to be lawfully present in the U.S. in order to be eligible for the credits, but noted that the bill did not bar non-citizens from buying their own health insurance coverage through the health insurance exchange.[67][68] The Obama administration said that, in the final bill, undocumented immigrants would not be able to participate in the Exchange.[69] Such language was included in the Senate Finance Committee's version of the bill, America's Healthy Future Act.[70][71]

After the incident, Wilson and Democrat Rob Miller, his 2010 general election opponent, experienced a significant upswing in campaign donations. In the week after Wilson's outburst, Miller raised $1.6 million, about three times his 2008 donations,[72] while Wilson raised $1.8 million.[73]

Apology for remarks about hatred of America

On a 2002 live broadcast of the C-SPAN talk show Washington Journal, Wilson and Representative Bob Filner were discussing Iraqi weapons of mass destruction. When Filner noted that the U.S. provided Iraq with "chemical and biological weapons" in the 1980s, Wilson stated that this idea was "made up" and told Filner, "This hatred of America by some people is just outrageous. And you need to get over that." Wilson apologized for his remarks in statements to the press.[74][75]

Apology for remarks about Strom Thurmond's daughter

In 2003, Essie Mae Washington-Williams revealed she was the daughter of Wilson's former employer, Senator Strom Thurmond, and Thurmond's black maid. Wilson was among those who publicly doubted her assertion that Thurmond had a child out of wedlock. Wilson said even if her story were true, she should not have revealed it because "it's a smear" on Thurmond's image and was a way to "diminish" Thurmond's legacy.[76] After Thurmond's family acknowledged the truth of Washington-Williams's revelation, Wilson apologized, but said that he still thought that she should not have revealed that Thurmond was her father.[77]

Texas v. Pennsylvania

In December 2020, Wilson was one of 126 Republican members of the House of Representatives to sign an amicus brief in support of Texas v. Pennsylvania, a lawsuit filed at the United States Supreme Court contesting the results of the 2020 presidential election, in which Joe Biden defeated[78] incumbent Donald Trump. The Supreme Court declined to hear the case on the basis that Texas lacked standing under Article III of the Constitution to challenge the results of an election held by another state.[79][80][81]

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi issued a statement that called signing the amicus brief an act of "election subversion." She also reprimanded Wilson and the other House members who supported the lawsuit: "The 126 Republican Members that signed onto this lawsuit brought dishonor to the House. Instead of upholding their oath to support and defend the Constitution, they chose to subvert the Constitution and undermine public trust in our sacred democratic institutions."[82][83]

Other notable events

Wilson speaking at CPAC, 2016.
Wilson (second from right) with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu (fourth from right) and Speaker Nancy Pelosi (third from left).

In November 2009, the New York Times reported that Wilson and Representative Blaine Luetkemeyer made identical written statements, reading, "One of the reasons I have long supported the U.S. biotechnology industry is that it is a homegrown success story that has been an engine of job creation in this country. Unfortunately, many of the largest companies that would seek to enter the biosimilar market have made their money by outsourcing their research to foreign countries like India." The statement was originally drafted by lobbyists for Genentech, now a Swiss biotechnology firm, but founded and still headquartered in San Francisco, California.[84]

Wilson supported President Trump's 2017 executive order to impose a temporary ban on entry to the U.S. to citizens of seven Muslim-majority countries, saying that the order would "secure our borders and keep American families safe from terrorist attacks."[85]

On April 10, 2017, a Wilson town hall meeting at Aiken Technical College in Graniteville, South Carolina was interrupted by activists chanting "you lie" as Wilson asserted that the Affordable Care Act was causing people to be denied health services.[86]

In 2018, a segment with Wilson aired as part of Sacha Baron Cohen's Showtime series, Who is America?. Wilson endorses "Kinderguardians", a nonexistent program to teach and arm schoolchildren as young as 3 to protect themselves in the classroom.[87] Advocating toddler carry, he says on camera, "A 3-year-old cannot defend itself from an assault rifle by throwing a Hello Kitty pencil case at it".[88]

In January 2023, Wilson proposed a bill to direct "the Fine Arts Board to obtain a bust of the President of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, for display in the House of Representatives wing of the United States Capitol".[89][90][91]

Electoral history

South Carolina Senate (1984-2000)

1984 South Carolina Senate 23rd district election [92]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joe Wilson 19,144 77.85%
Democratic Jim Leslie 2,754 11.20%
Write-in Norma Russell 2,392 9.73%
Libertarian Jan L. Chapman 298 1.21%
Write-in 2 0.01%
Total votes 24,590 100.00%
1988 South Carolina Senate 23rd district election [93]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joe Wilson (incumbent) 23,790 83.28%
Democratic Frank A. Barton 4,771 16.70%
Write-in 4 0.01%
Total votes 28,565 100.00%
Republican hold
1992 South Carolina Senate 23rd district election [94]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joe Wilson (incumbent) 27,595 99.87%
Write-in 36 0.13%
Total votes 27,631 100.00%
Republican hold
1996 South Carolina Senate 23rd district election [95]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joe Wilson (incumbent) 26,979 100.00%
Total votes 26,979 100.00%
Republican hold
2000 South Carolina Senate 23rd district election [96]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joe Wilson (incumbent) 35,241 100.00%
Total votes 35,241 100.00%
Republican hold

United States House of Representatives (2001-2022)

Wilson was elected in 2001 in a special election caused by the death of Floyd Spence, his former boss. Wilson once said that a dying Spence called him from his hospital bed and asked him to run.[97]

In a crowded five-way Republican primary—the real contest in this heavily Republican district—Wilson tallied 75% of the vote. He won the December 18 special election with 73% of the vote.[98]

2001 South Carolina's 2nd congressional district special election Republican primary[99]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joe Wilson 34,646 75.51%
Republican Joe Grimaud 6,784 14.79%
Republican Stew Butler 1,881 4.10%
Republican Richard Chalk 1,455 3.17%
Republican Clide T. Cobb 1,115 2.43%
Total votes 45,881 100.00%
2001 South Carolina's 2nd congressional district special election[100]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joe Wilson 40,355 73.09%
Democratic Brent Weaver 14,035 25.42%
Libertarian Warren Eilertson 420 0.76%
Constitution Steve Lefemine 404 0.73%
Write-in 1 0.00%
Total votes 55,214 100.00%
Republican hold

Wilson won election to a full term in 2002 with 84% of the vote, facing four minor-party candidates.[98][101]

2002 South Carolina's 2nd congressional district election[102]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joe Wilson (incumbent) 144,149 84.12%
United Citizens Mark Whittington 17,189 10.03%
Libertarian James A. Legg 9,650 5.63%
Write-in 371 0.22%
Total votes 171,359 100.00%
Republican hold

Wilson was mentioned as a possible candidate for retiring Senator Fritz Hollings's seat in 2004, but decided to run for a second House term. He defeated Democratic nominee Michael Ellisor and Constitution Party nominee Steve Lefemine with 65% of the vote.[98] Wilson got 181,862 votes to Ellisor's 93,249 and Lefemine's 4,447, with 312 write-ins.[103]

2004 South Carolina's 2nd congressional district election[104]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joe Wilson (incumbent) 181,862 64.98%
Democratic Michael R. Ellisor 93,249 33.32%
Constitution Steve Lefemine 4,447 1.59%
Write-in 312 0.11%
Total votes 279,870 100.00%
Republican hold

In 2006, Wilson defeated Ellisor again, with 62.7% of the vote.[105]

2006 South Carolina's 2nd congressional district election[106]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joe Wilson (incumbent) 127,811 62.64%
Democratic Michael R. Ellisor 76,090 37.29%
Write-in 151 0.07%
Total votes 204,052 100.00%
Republican hold

In 2008, Wilson was reelected, defeating the Democratic nominee, Iraq War veteran Rob Miller, 54% to 46%.[107] It was the closest race in the district in 20 years, and the closest race Wilson had faced in 24 years as an elected official. He survived by winning his native Lexington County by 33,000 votes, more than the overall margin of 26,000 votes.

2008 South Carolina's 2nd congressional district Republican primary[108]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joe Wilson (incumbent) 44,783 85.12%
Republican Phil Black 7,831 14.88%
Total votes 52,614 100.00%
2008 South Carolina's 2nd congressional district election[108]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joe Wilson (incumbent) 184,583 53.74%
Democratic Rob Miller 158,627 46.18%
Write-in 276 0.08%
Total votes 343,486 100.00%
Republican hold

Challenged by Miller, Libertarian nominee Eddie McCain, and Constitution Party nominee Marc Beaman,[109] Wilson was reelected in 2010 with 53% of the vote.

2010 South Carolina's 2nd congressional district Republican primary[110]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joe Wilson (incumbent) 64,973 83.41%
Republican Phil Black 12,923 16.59%
Total votes 77,896 100.00%
2010 South Carolina's 2nd congressional district election[111]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joe Wilson (incumbent) 138,861 53.48%
Democratic Rob Miller 113,625 43.76%
Libertarian Eddie McCain 4,228 1.63%
Constitution Marc Beaman 2,856 1.10%
Write-in 102 0.04%
Total votes 259,672 100.00%
Republican hold

Redistricting made the 2nd somewhat more compact. It lost Beaufort and Hilton Head Island. To make up for the loss in population, it absorbed all of Aiken County and a slice of Orangeburg County.

In the general election, Wilson ran unopposed and was reelected with 96% of the vote.

2012 South Carolina's 2nd congressional district Republican primary[112]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joe Wilson (incumbent) 23,062 80.58%
Republican Phil Black 5,557 19.42%
Total votes 28,619 100.00%
2012 South Carolina's 2nd congressional district election [113]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joe Wilson (incumbent) 196,116 96.27%
Write-in 7,602 3.73%
Total votes 203,718 100.00%
Republican hold

Challenged by Democratic nominee Phil Black and Labor Party nominee Harold Geddings III,[114] Wilson was reelected in 2014 with 62% of the vote.

2014 South Carolina's 2nd congressional district Republican primary[115]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joe Wilson (incumbent) 43,687 81.61%
Republican Eddie McCain 9,842 18.39%
Total votes 53,529 100.00%
2014 South Carolina's 2nd congressional district election[116]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joe Wilson (incumbent) 121,649 62.45%
Democratic Phil Black 68,719 35.28%
Labor Harold Geddings III 4,158 2.13%
Write-in 282 0.14%
Total votes 194,808 100.00%
Republican hold

Challenged by Democratic nominee Arik Bjorn and American Party nominee Eddie McCain,[117] Wilson was reelected in 2016 with 62% of the vote.

2016 South Carolina's 2nd congressional district election[118]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joe Wilson (incumbent) 183,746 60.25%
Democratic Arik Bjorn 105,306 34.53%
Green Arik Bjorn 4,146 1.36%
Total Arik Bjorn 109,452 35.89%
American Eddie McCain 11,444 3.75%
Write-in 354 0.12%
Total votes 304,996 100.00%
Republican hold

Challenged by Democratic nominee Sean Carrigan and American Party candidate Sonny Narang, Wilson was reelected in 2018 with 56.3% of the vote.[119]

2018 South Carolina's 2nd congressional district election[120]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joe Wilson (incumbent) 144,642 56.25%
Democratic Sean Carrigan 109,199 42.47%
American Sonny Narang 3,111 1.21%
Write-in 187 0.07%
Total votes 257,139 100.00%
Republican hold

Challenged by Democratic nominee Adair Ford Boroughs and Constitution Party candidate Kathleen K Wright, Wilson was reelected in 2020 with 55.66% of the vote.[121]

2020 South Carolina's 2nd congressional district Republican primary[122]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joe Wilson (incumbent) 55,557 74.12%
Republican Michael Bishop 19,397 25.88%
Total votes 74,954 100.00%
2020 South Carolina's 2nd congressional district election[123]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joe Wilson (incumbent) 202,715 55.66%
Democratic Adair Ford Boroughs 155,118 42.59%
Constitution Kathleen K. Wright 6,163 1.69%
Write-in 219 0.06%
Total votes 364,215 100.00%
Republican hold

Challenged by Democratic nominee Judd Larkins, Wilson was reelected in 2022 with 60.1% of the vote.[124]

2022 South Carolina's 2nd congressional district election[125]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joe Wilson (incumbent) 147,699 60.01%
Democratic Judd Larkins 98,081 39.85%
Write-in 346 0.14%
Total votes 246,126 100.00%
Republican hold

Personal life

Stephen H. Boineau
David A. Weisiger
Wilson is descended from slave-owners Stephen H. Boineau and David A. Weisiger and was named after Weisiger.

An Associate Reformed Presbyterian,[126] Wilson and his wife, Roxanne Dusenbury McCrory Wilson, have four sons and six grandchildren.

Wilson was named after Confederate brigadier general David A. Weisiger, the uncle of his great-great-grandmother, and his great-great-grandfather Stephen H. Boineau owned 16 slaves. Wilson stated that Weisiger "was not a plantation owner; he was a bank cashier", but Weisiger owned seven slaves in Virginia.[127]

In a 2005 guest article on Rediff.com, Wilson wrote that his father, Hugh, was a member of the Flying Tigers in World War II.[128] The Wilson family attends First Presbyterian Church in Columbia.[126][11]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Staff. "Once a Soldier ... Always a Soldier" (PDF). Legislative Agenda. Association of the United States Army. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 21, 2013. Retrieved January 28, 2013.
  2. ↑ "Joe Wilson – Congressman Joe Wilson's Biography". Joewilson.house.gov. July 31, 1947. Archived from the original on December 2, 2009. Retrieved December 8, 2009.
  3. ↑ "CNN, Politics, retrieved 14 September 2009". Cnn.com. September 10, 2009. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
  4. ↑ Phillips, Kate (September 9, 2009). "House Admonishes Wilson on Outburst". The New York Times. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
  5. ↑ "Joe Wilson". Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com. Retrieved January 16, 2017.
  6. ↑ "Sigma Nu". Sigmanu.wlu.edu. Retrieved January 16, 2017.
  7. ↑ "Joe Wilson | Congressional votes database". Projects.washingtonpost.com. Archived from the original on January 6, 2010. Retrieved December 8, 2009.
  8. ↑ "Joe Wilson's Biography". Project Vote Smart. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  9. ↑ "Joe Wilson – Congressman Joe Wilson's Biography". Joewilson.house.gov. July 31, 1947. Retrieved December 8, 2009.
  10. ↑ "Project Vote Smart – Representative Addison Graves 'Joe' Wilson Sr. – Biography". Votesmart.org. July 31, 1947. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
  11. 1 2 "Wilson, Addison Graves "Joe"". Our Campaigns. September 10, 2009. Retrieved September 12, 2009.
  12. ↑ "The Right Goes Viral". The Nation. October 21, 2009. Retrieved October 7, 2010.
  13. ↑ "South Carolina General Assembly Bill S0150". Scstatehouse.gov. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
  14. ↑ "South Carolina General Assembly Bill S0283". Scstatehouse.gov. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
  15. ↑ "South Carolina General Assembly Bill S0634". Scstatehouse.gov. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
  16. ↑ "Rep. Joe Wilson said "the Confederate heritage is very honorable" during SC flag dispute". Facing South. The Institute for Southern Studies. Archived from the original on September 14, 2009. Retrieved September 11, 2009.
  17. ↑ "Armed Services Committee – Strategic Forces". house.gov. House Armed Services Committee. January 13, 2013. Archived from the original on February 18, 2013. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
  18. ↑ "Members, Subcommittees & Jurisdictions". house.gov. Education & the Workforce Committee. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
  19. ↑ "Subcommittee on Europe". house.gov. United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on November 4, 2009. Retrieved September 28, 2009.
  20. ↑ "Subcommittee on the Middle East and South Asia". house.gov. United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on October 7, 2009. Retrieved September 28, 2009.
  21. ↑ "Congressman Wilson Receives Congressional Assignments for 118th Congress". Representative Joe Wilson. February 17, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  22. ↑ "Representative Joe Wilson". CSCE. February 9, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  23. ↑ "Member List". Republican Study Committee. Archived from the original on January 1, 2019. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
  24. ↑ "Wilson to Lead RSC National Security Task Force". Representative Joe Wilson. January 9, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  25. ↑ "Congressional Composites Caucus". American Composites Manufacturers Association. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  26. ↑ "Representatives Wilson, Cohen, Keating, and Salazar Introduce the Combating Global Corruption Act". Representative Joe Wilson. January 30, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  27. ↑ "UK Caucus Co-Chairs Wilson, Kind, Rouzer, and Kilmer Mourn Passing of Queen Elizabeth II". Representative Joe Wilson. September 9, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  28. ↑ admin (January 25, 2023). "Ambassador Philippe Etienne and the U.S. Congressional French Caucus - Media Library – France in the United States %". Media Library – France in the United States. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Biography". Representative Joe Wilson. December 11, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  30. ↑ "Bulgaria Caucus". Representative Joe Wilson. July 1, 2014. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  31. ↑ "TURKEY CAUCUS CO-CHAIRS STATEMENT ON REPUBLIC DAY". Congressman Steve Cohen. October 27, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  32. ↑ "Our Members". U.S. House of Representatives International Conservation Caucus. Archived from the original on August 1, 2018. Retrieved August 5, 2018.
  33. ↑ "Membership". Congressional Arts Caucus. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
  34. ↑ "Members". Congressional Constitution Caucus. Archived from the original on January 22, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
  35. ↑ "Members". Afterschool Alliance. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  36. ↑ "Members". Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
  37. ↑ "Member List". Republican Study Committee. Archived from the original on January 1, 2019. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
  38. ↑ "Project Vote Smart – Representative Addison Graves 'Joe' Wilson Sr. – Interest Group Ratings". Votesmart.org. December 18, 2001. Retrieved December 8, 2009.
  39. ↑ Shaw, Donny (September 11, 2009). "Joe Wilson Voted to Provide Taxpayer Money for Illegal Immigrants' Healthcare". OpenCongress.org. Archived from the original on September 12, 2009. Retrieved September 12, 2009.
  40. ↑ "Addison (Joe) Wilson". GovTrack.us. Retrieved November 2, 2009.
  41. ↑ "Thomas (Library of Congress): H.R. 1973". Thomas.loc.gov. Archived from the original on January 8, 2016. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
  42. ↑ "Thomas (Library of Congress): HR 4411". Thomas.loc.gov. Archived from the original on November 25, 2008. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
  43. ↑ "Thomas (Library of Congress): HR 4777". Thomas.loc.gov. Archived from the original on October 18, 2014. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
  44. ↑ "Public Law 110-185 – Economic Stimulus Act of 2008". gpo.gov. February 13, 2008. Retrieved November 21, 2009.
  45. ↑ "PUBLIC LAW 111–5—" (PDF). whitehouse.gov. February 17, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 14, 2009. Retrieved November 21, 2009.
  46. 1 2 Rosen, James (September 10, 2009). "Joe Wilson Biography". The State. Archived from the original on September 12, 2009.
  47. ↑ Huelskamp, Tim (February 12, 2015). "Cosponsors - H.J.Res.32 - 114th Congress (2015-2016): Marriage Protection Amendment". www.congress.gov. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
  48. ↑ "Cosponsors - H.R.6206 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): American Tech Workforce Act of 2021 | Congress.gov | Library of Congress". U.S. Congress. December 9, 2021. Retrieved July 3, 2022.
  49. ↑ Batty, David (September 10, 2009). "'You lie': Republican Joe Wilson's outburst at Obama health speech". The Guardian. London. Retrieved June 3, 2013.
  50. ↑ Politico:"A voice from the floor on illegal immigrants: 'Lie'". Retrieved September 9, 2009.
  51. ↑ "The Huffington Post: "GOP Rep Joe Wilson Yells Out "Lie" During Obama Health Care Speech To Congress (VIDEO)". Retrieved September 9, 2009.
  52. ↑ Spillius, Alex (September 10, 2009). "Barack Obama health care speech: Republican calls president a liar". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved September 9, 2009.
  53. ↑ "Obama's Health Care Speech to Congress". New York Times. September 9, 2009. Retrieved May 6, 2010.
  54. ↑ Hulse, Carl (September 11, 2009). "In Lawmaker's Outburst, a Rare Breach of Protocol". The New York Times.
  55. ↑ "CNN.com – Transcripts". Transcripts.cnn.com. September 9, 2009. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
  56. ↑ The Daily Voice: "South Carolina Rep. Joe Wilson calls the President a liar during speech" Archived September 13, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved September 9, 2009.
  57. ↑ "Wilson apologizes: 'I let my emotions get the best of me'". Retrieved September 9, 2009.
  58. ↑ Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (September 10, 2009). "Obama Accepts Wilson's Apology". The New York Times. Retrieved September 10, 2009.
  59. ↑ "Lawmaker won't apologize to Obama in Congress". Reuters. September 13, 2009. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  60. ↑ "Joe Wilson: 'One Apology Is Sufficient'". Associated Press. September 13, 2009. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  61. ↑ Soraghan, Mike (September 12, 2009). "DeMint: No more apologizing for Wilson". The Hill. Retrieved September 22, 2009.
  62. ↑ Isenstadt, Alex (September 15, 2009). "House passes resolution of disapproval". Politico. Retrieved September 15, 2009.
  63. ↑ "FOX News coverage of Wilson controversy". Foxnews.com. September 11, 2009. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
  64. ↑ "Obama's Health Care Speech". FactCheck.org. September 10, 2009. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
  65. ↑ "Joe Wilson of South Carolina said Obama lied, but he didn't". PolitiFact. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
  66. ↑ "CNN Political Ticker: All politics, all the time Blog Archive – CNN Truth Squad: Will health bill pay for illegal immigrants? An update " – Blogs from CNN.com". Politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com. August 27, 2009. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
  67. ↑ "Treatment of Noncitizens in H.R. 3200" (PDF). CRS Report for Congress. Congressional Research Service. August 25, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 18, 2010. Retrieved November 21, 2009.
  68. ↑ "Republicans Cite Report To Support Illegal Alien Health Care Charge". National Public Radio. September 10, 2009. Retrieved September 10, 2009.
  69. ↑ Herszenhorn, David M. (September 11, 2009). "Illegal Immigrants Could Not Buy Insurance on New 'Exchange,' White House Says". The New York Times. Retrieved September 12, 2009.
  70. ↑ HealthiNation. "News on Yahoo! Health". Health.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on December 23, 2009. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
  71. ↑ "What's in Baucus' health care proposal?". CNN. September 16, 2009. Retrieved May 6, 2010.
  72. ↑ "Congressional Elections: South Carolina District 02 Race: 2008 Cycle". OpenSecrets. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
  73. ↑ Bailey, Holly (September 17, 2008). "How Joe Wilson's Heckle Became a Campaign Cash Cow". Newsweek. Retrieved September 17, 2009.
  74. ↑ "Wilson accuses California congressman of hating America", Associated Press, September 26, 2002
  75. ↑ Lloyd Grove, "The Reliable Source", Washington Post, September 25, 2002.
  76. ↑ Jennifer Talhelm, "Most Say Revelation Won't Alter Thurmond's Legacy", The State, December 14, 2003
  77. ↑ Jennifer Talhelm and Aaron Gould Shinin, "Critics of Thurmond's Daughter Change Tune", The State, December 19, 2003
  78. ↑ Blood, Michael R.; Riccardi, Nicholas (December 5, 2020). "Biden officially secures enough electors to become president". AP News. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
  79. ↑ Liptak, Adam (December 11, 2020). "Supreme Court Rejects Texas Suit Seeking to Subvert Election". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 11, 2020. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
  80. ↑ "Order in Pending Case" (PDF). Supreme Court of the United States. December 11, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 11, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  81. ↑ Diaz, Daniella. "Brief from 126 Republicans supporting Texas lawsuit in Supreme Court". CNN. Archived from the original on December 12, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  82. ↑ Smith, David (December 12, 2020). "Supreme court rejects Trump-backed Texas lawsuit aiming to overturn election results". The Guardian. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
  83. ↑ "Pelosi Statement on Supreme Court Rejecting GOP Election Sabotage Lawsuit" (Press release). Speaker Nancy Pelosi. December 11, 2020. Archived from the original on January 9, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
  84. ↑ Pear, Robert (November 15, 2009). "In House, Many Spoke With One Voice: Lobbyists'". The New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
  85. ↑ Blake, Aaron (January 31, 2017). "Coffman, Gardner join Republicans against President Trump's travel ban; here's where the rest stand". Washington Post.
  86. ↑ Bromwich, Jonah Engel (April 12, 2017). "Congressman Who Shouted 'You Lie' at Obama Hears the Same From Constituents". The New York Times. p. A15. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
  87. ↑ Stuever, Hank (July 15, 2018). "Sacha Baron Cohen still knows how to punk America, but his new show erodes what little trust we have left". The Washington Post. Washington DC. Retrieved July 15, 2018.
  88. ↑ Hale, Mike (July 15, 2018). "Review: Sacha Baron Cohen Is Back. Should We Care?". The New York Times. New York. Retrieved July 15, 2018.
  89. ↑ "H.Res. 10: Directing the Fine Arts Board to obtain a bust of the President of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, for display in the House of Representatives wing of the United States Capitol". GovTrack.us. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
  90. ↑ Alic, Haris (January 11, 2023). "House Republican proposes putting a bust of Ukraine leader in U.S. Capitol". The Washington Times. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
  91. ↑ Sabes, Adam (January 11, 2023). "South Carolina Republican Congressman introduces resolution to place Zelenskyy bust in US Capitol". Fox News. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
  92. ↑ https://scvotes.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Election_Report_1984-1985.pdf
  93. ↑ https://scvotes.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Election_Report_1988-1989.pdf
  94. ↑ https://scvotes.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Election_Report_1992-1993.pdf
  95. ↑ https://scvotes.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Election_Report_1995-1996.pdf
  96. ↑ https://scvotes.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Election_Report_2000.pdf
  97. ↑ Philip Rucker and Ann Gerhart, "The Gentlemen From South Carolina: State Has a History of Rowdy Politics", Washington Post, September 11, 2009.
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  99. ↑ "Our Campaigns - SC District 2 - Special R Primary Race - Oct 30, 2001".
  100. ↑ "Our Campaigns - SC District 2 - Special Race - Dec 18, 2001".
  101. ↑ South Carolina Election Commission official web site, go to the page for November 5, 2002 general election; retrieved April 10, 2008.
  102. ↑ https://scvotes.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Election_Report_2002.pdf
  103. ↑ South Carolina Election Commission official web site, go to the page for November 2, 2004 general election; retrieved April 10, 2008.
  104. ↑ https://scvotes.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Election_Report_2004.pdf
  105. ↑ Wilson received 127,811 votes to Ellisor's 76,090 votes, with 151 write-ins. See South Carolina Election Commission official web site, go to the page for November 7, 2006 general election. Retrieved April 10, 2008.
  106. ↑ https://scvotes.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Election_Report_2006.pdf
  107. ↑ "U.S. House". USA Today. November 5, 2008. p. A16.
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  127. ↑ "More than 100 U.S. political elites have family links to slavery". Reuters. June 27, 2023. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023.
  128. ↑ Wilson, Joe (September 28, 2005). "Where the world is without fear". Rediff. Retrieved September 10, 2009.
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