Admiral Duncan
The Admiral Duncan in 2021
Location within Soho, London
EtymologyAdmiral Adam Duncan
General information
LocationSoho, London
Address54 Old Compton Street, London, W1
Coordinates51°30′46″N 0°07′57″W / 51.5129°N 0.1324°W / 51.5129; -0.1324
OwnerStonegate Pub Company
Website
https://www.admiral-duncan.co.uk/

The Admiral Duncan is a public house in Old Compton Street, Soho, in central London that is well known as one of Soho's oldest gay pubs.

In 1999, the pub was bombed by neo-Nazi David Copeland, resulting in three people being killed and 83 being injured.

Etymology

The pub is named after Admiral Adam Duncan, who defeated the Dutch fleet at the Battle of Camperdown in 1797.[1]

History

Early years

The Admiral Duncan has been trading since at least 1832.

In June of that year, Dennis Collins, a wooden-legged Irish ex-sailor living at the pub, was charged with high treason for throwing stones at King William IV at Ascot Racecourse.[2][3] Collins was convicted and sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered, as the medieval punishment for high treason was then still in effect. However, his sentence was quickly commuted to life imprisonment.[2] and he was subsequently transported to Australia.[4]

In December 1881, a customer received eight years' penal servitude for various offences in connection with his ejection from the Admiral Duncan public house by keeper William Gordon.[5] In 1887, the Algerian Coffee Stores was established next door to the Admiral Duncan.

During the 1920s, the Admiral Duncan was frequented by mob boss Charles "Darby" Sabini and was a gathering place for members of his gang.[6][7] On 4 February 1930 there was a fierce brawl in the pub after six members of the Sabini gang's rivals, the Hoxton Gang, entered and attacked two of the Sabinis who were drinking there.[8] Both men were slashed with a broken drinking glass; one - George Seawell - was badly beaten by four of the Hoxton gang. Around £200 worth of damage was caused.[8] The fracas was broken up by police and the six Hoxton Gang members were arrested. Three of them - brothers John and Arthur Phillips, and John Daly - were later sentenced to five years, three years and 12 months in prison[9][10][11]

In 1953, Dylan Thomas lost the only hand-written copy of his famous radio drama Under Milk Wood in the pub, leaving it there during the course of a drinking binge.[12] It was later found by his radio producer, Douglas Cleverdon, who managed to retrace Thomas' steps.[13]

By the 1980s, the Admiral Duncan had become known as a gay pub, although it was not exclusively so and was still attracting a diverse clientele.[14]

Bombing

A plaque at the Admiral Duncan that commemorates the victims of the 1999 attack
The 2023 act of remembrance marking the anniversary of the bombing

At around 6:05pm on Friday 30 April 1999, a bomb in a sports bag was planted in the Admiral Duncan by Neo-Nazi, David Copeland.[15] It was the third bomb he had planted in London in a one-man campaign intended to stir up ethnic and homophobic tensions.[16][17]

Copeland's previous bomb attacks, on 17 April in Brixton and on 24 April in Hanbury Street in Whitechapel, had made Londoners wary. The unattended bag aroused the suspicions of people in the pub, but the bag exploded at 6:37 pm just as it was being investigated by the pub manager, Mark Taylor.[18][19] Three people died and 83 suffered burns and injuries - four of the injured needed amputations.[15]

Copeland was still in the area and was close enough to hear the explosion. Police had identified him as a suspect around an hour before he planted the bomb. He was arrested at his home later that evening.[15]

A large open air meeting was spontaneously organised in Soho Square on the Sunday following the attack, attended by thousands. Among the speeches was one from the Metropolitan Police Assistant Commissioner who undertook to maintain a crime scene van outside the pub to take witness statements and gather evidence until the perpetrator was found; the van would be staffed entirely with openly gay and lesbian police officers. This marked a turning point for the previously often tempestuous relationship between the LGBT community and the Metropolitan Police.

There is a memorial chandelier with an inscription and a plaque in the bar to commemorate those killed and injured in the blast.[18]

The playwright Jonathan Cash, then working for Gay Times, was among the injured.[18] He later used the experience as the basis for his play, The First Domino, about a fictional terrorist being interviewed by a psychiatrist in a top-security prison.[20]

Assistant bar manager David Morley 37, from Chiswick, west London, was one of those injured in the bombing and was murdered in London after a robbery or homophobic attack on the morning of 30 October 2004.[21] He and a friend were badly beaten near London's Hungerford Bridge and Waterloo station on the South Bank.[22] In December 2005, four youths were found guilty of Morley's manslaughter. Reece Sargeant (21), Darren Case (18) and David Blenman (17), all from Kennington, South London, were sentenced to 12 years each. A fifteen-year-old girl, Chelsea O'Mahoney (aged fourteen at the time of the incident) was sentenced to an 8-year custodial sentence. The jury had returned a verdict of manslaughter as they are permitted to do.

Rainbow flags controversy

In late 2005, Westminster City Council ordered the Admiral Duncan and all other LGBT bars and gay businesses that operated in its jurisdiction, including those in Soho and Covent Garden, to remove their pride flags. The council claimed that the flags constituted advertising, which was forbidden by its local development plan, and said businesses would need to apply for advertising permits to fly the flags.[23] Some businesses who applied to fly flags had their applications refused. Following media allegations of homophobia in the council, the I Love Soho campaign and intense pressure from the then Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, the Council reversed its policy, allowing businesses to fly rainbow flags without applying for permission.[24]

Ownership

In 2004 the pub was bought from the Scottish & Newcastle Brewery by the Tattershall Castle Group (TCG). In 2015, it was acquired by Stonegate Pub Company as one of 53 pubs purchased from TCG.[25]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Rothwell, David (2006). The dictionary of pub names. Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions. p. 11. ISBN 1-84022-266-2. OCLC 352936023.
  2. 1 2 "High Treason". The Hull Packet and Humber Mercury. No. 2493. Hull. 28 August 1832.
  3. ↑ "Traitorous Assault upon His Majesty". The Morning Chronicle. No. 19606. London. 28 June 1832.
  4. ↑ Lowth, Cormac. "The One-Legged Sailor and the King". Inis na Mara. National Maritime Museum of Ireland. Archived from the original on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
  5. ↑ Middlesex Sessions; The Times, 29 December 1881; pg. 10; col A.
  6. ↑ Morton, James (2012). The mammoth book of gangs. London: Robinson. ISBN 978-1-78033-088-4. OCLC 786190693. "Meanwhile from the 1920's onwards, the Sabinis had been branching out, taking interests in the West End drinking and gabling clubs, and installing and running slot machines. One of their principal hangouts was the Admiral Duncan in Old Comption Street, Soho
  7. ↑ Hutton, Mike (2012). The Story of Soho : the Windmill Years 1932-1964. Stroud. ISBN 978-1-4456-1231-7. OCLC 1100658380. A hush would spread through the Admiral Duncan in Old Comption street when the boys entered. Darby would look round the room and if in a good mood would order drinks all round{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  8. 1 2 "Public House Brawl in Soho". The Times. No. 45436. London. 13 February 1930. p. 9.
  9. ↑ Chinn, Carl (2021). Peaky Blinders The real story behind the next generation of British gangsters. London: John Blake. ISBN 978-1-78946-452-8. OCLC 1276856499.
  10. ↑ Chinn, Carl (2021). Peaky Blinders : the aftermath : the real story of Britain's most notorious mid-20th century gangs. London. ISBN 978-1-78946-451-1. OCLC 1263811773.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  11. ↑ "Gang Rivalry in Soho". The Times. No. 45478. London. 3 April 1930. p. 11.
  12. ↑ Hibbert, Christopher (2011). The London Encyclopaedia (3rd ed.). London. p. 599. ISBN 978-0-230-73878-2. OCLC 969664422.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  13. ↑ Miles, Barry (2010). London calling : a countercultural history of London since 1945. London: Atlantic. ISBN 978-1-84354-613-9. OCLC 495596145.
  14. ↑ Howse, Christopher (2018). Soho in the eighties. London. ISBN 978-1-4729-1480-4. OCLC 1031419537. The Admiral Duncan in Old Compton Street, named after the hero of Camperdown against the Dutch in 1797, was not exclusively queer in the eighties, but by 1999 was to have become enough of an emblem of gay life to attract the attention of David Copeland, a nasty bit of work who planted a nail bomb there that killed three and wounded dozens of people.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  15. 1 2 3 Hopkins, Nick and Hall, Sarah. "David Copeland: a quiet introvert, obsessed with Hitler and bombs", The Guardian, 30 June 2000.
  16. ↑ "1999: Dozens injured in Soho nail bomb". BBC On This Day. 30 April 1999. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  17. ↑ Dornan, R I P (22 May 1999). "The Soho bomb". The British Medical Journal. 318 (1999, 318): 1429. doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7195.1429. PMC 1115811. PMID 10334784. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  18. 1 2 3 Simon Edge. "Look Back in Anger". Gay Times. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  19. ↑ "Gay murder victim survived Soho bomb". TheGuardian.com. 2 November 2004.
  20. ↑ Emily-Ann Elliott (5 May 2009). "Bomb survivor writes Brighton play". The Argus. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  21. ↑ Cohen, Benjamin (14 December 2005). "Teen gang convicted of manslaughter of gay barman". Pink News. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  22. ↑ "Soho nail bomb survivor murdered". The BBC. 1 November 2004. Retrieved 1 February 2009.
  23. ↑ "Gay flag ban 'attacks identity'". BBC News. 18 January 2005. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  24. ↑ "Westminster u-turn on gay rainbow flags ban". Pink News. 8 November 2005. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  25. ↑ "Stonegate places London pubs on market". 8 October 2015. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
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