Al-Qaeda in the Indian subcontinent
جماعة قاعدة الجهاد في شبه القارة الهندية
LeadersAsim Umar † (2014–19)[1]
Osama Mahmood (2019–present)[2][3]
Dates of operation3 September 2014 (2014-09-03) – present
Merger ofVarious Pakistani, Indian, Bangladeshi and Afghan Jihadist Factions.[4]
Group(s) Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam
Active regionsIndian subcontinent
IdeologyIslamism Jihadism[4]
Sunni Islamism
Islamic fundamentalism[5]
Islamic extremism[6]
Ghazwa-e-Hind[7]
Anti-LGBT[8][9]
Anti-Hindu[10]
Anti-Zionism[11]
Antisemitism[11]
Size180-400+ (UN report)[12]
Part of Al-Qaeda
Allies
Opponents
Battles and warsWar on terror Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir,[25] Internal conflict in Bangladesh

Al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent (Arabic: جماعة قاعدة الجهاد في شبه القارة الهندية, romanized: Jamā‘at Qā‘idat al-Jihād fī Shibh al-Qārrah al-Hindīyah, lit. 'Group of the Base of Jihad in the Indian Subcontinent') usually abbreviated as AQIS,[26] is an Islamist militant organization which aims to fight the governments of Pakistan,[23] Afghanistan, India, Myanmar and Bangladesh[27] in order to establish an Islamic state and seeks to establish an Islamic caliphate in Indian Subcontinent.[28]

The militant group has also stated its intentions to attack American targets in the Indian subcontinent. This group is listed as a terrorist organization by the United Nations, United States, Canada, India and Pakistan.

History

Before Al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent

Before coming together under AQIS, there were various jihadist factions operating in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan. One of these factions operated in Karachi, Pakistan, and were responsible for numerous attacks in the city. On 11 December 2014, AQIS issued a report detailing these attacks. The attacks targeted local police, a professor, and a blogger.[29]

As Al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent

On 3 September 2014, Ayman al-Zawahiri, leader of al-Qaeda, announced the establishment of a new branch in the Indian subcontinent in a 55-minute video posted online.[30][31] During the announcement, Zawahiri stated that it had taken two years to gather various jihadist factions into the new group, and introduced Asim Umar, an Indian national[32] and a former commander of Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), as its Emir.[4] The announcement also introduced the group's spokesman, Usama Mahmoud, who praised militant commanders like Amjad Farooqi, Ilyas Kashmiri and Hassan Ghul. Farooqi was killed by Pakistani security forces. Kashmiri and Ghul were killed by US drone strikes in Pakistan.[4]

On 11 December 2014, Pakistani police arrested Shahid Usman, the head of the al-Qaeda wing in Karachi, and four others in Karachi along with weapons and 10 kg of explosives.[33] Ustad Ahmad Farooq, the deputy emir for AQIS, was killed on 15 January 2015 following a US drone strike in South Waziristan. Qari ‘Imran, a member of the group’s ruling Shura Council, was killed on 5 January 2015 in a drone strike in North Waziristan.[34]

In July 2018, United States designated Asim Umar a global terrorist.[35]

Despite Zawahiri's announcement, Al Qaeda could not succeed in making any direct presence in India. Although some Kashmiris were arrested for assisting al Qaeda in the country, there is no evidence of any organized presence of the group in the region. Specifically, there has been no record of territorial claim, group activity or kidnapping of civilian or government officials by Al Qaeda. Some experts also suggest that Al Qaeda have links with some local Kashmiri factionist groups to spread insurgency in the Indian state of Jammu & Kashmir. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi told CNN in an interview with Fareed Zakaria that Indian Muslims would not be allied with Al Qaeda because of their patriotism, modernity and literacy.[36]

On 23 September 2019, Afghan officials announced that they had killed Asim Umar, the head of al-Qaeda in the Indian subcontinent, during a joint US-Afghan military raid in Helmand province of Afghanistan. 40 Afghan civilians and 6 other Al-Qaeda militants were also killed in this raid.[37]

Relations with other Jihadist factions

In October, a Kashmiri militant group calling itself "Ansar ut-Tawhid wal Jihad in Kashmir" published a video expressing support for Al Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent.[10] The group offered to provide shelter to foreign fighters within AQIS as well as fight alongside it.

AQIS spokesman Usama Mahmoud, in series of tweets, expressed support for militant groups in Chechnya, Dagestan, and Yemen.[38] He also gave a eulogy for al-Shabaab leader Ahmed Abdi Godane, who was killed in a US drone strike.[39]

Media

On 19 October 2014, a 117-page English-language magazine called Resurgence was released online. It was produced by the Subcontinent branch of Al Qaeda's As-Sahab media production house, and the articles focused on waging jihad in the Indian Subcontinent.[40]

Statements

Al Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent has released multiple statements, mainly via the Twitter account of Usama Mahmoud, the group's spokesperson.

On 13 September 2014, Usama Mahmoud claimed responsibility for the attempted raid on a Pakistani naval frigate and the assassination of Pakistani Brigadier Zahoor Ahmad Fazal in Punjab Province.[41] On 17 September, Mahmoud released a statement which justified the attempted attack on the Pakistani frigate, stating that America was the primary enemy of AQIS.[42] On September 30, AQIS released another statement which said that the intended targets were the American and Indian navies.[43]

On 14 October 2014, Mahmoud confirmed that AQIS senior leader Imran Ali Siddiqi was killed in a US drone strike. He also spoke about the US-led coalition in Iraq and Syria.[44] Siddiqi was a member of the group's Shura council.

On 4 November 2014, Mahmoud released a series of tweets that condemned what he said as the "Infidel System." He also prayed for god to support militants in Chechnya, Dagestan, and Yemen, as well as Iraq and Syria.[38] The following day, Mahmoud released a statement giving condolences for the killing of Somali al-Qaeda leader Ahmed Abdi Godane. He directed a statement to Somali fighters which said that the US must be fought.[39]

AQIS released an audio message from its leader, Asim Umar, on 10 November 2014. Umar eulogized AQIS Shura Council member Imran Ali Siddiqi, who was killed in a US drone strike in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas.[45]

On 20 November 2014, AQIS spokesman Usama Mahmoud released a statement confirming the death of two officials of the group in a US raid on the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan. One of the officials owned the house that Khalid Sheikh Mohammed lived in when he was captured.[46] Four days later, Mahmoud gave a eulogy for the two officials, and urged Pakistani doctors and military officers to follow their example.[47]

On 5 December 2014, AQIS published a photo showing the two officials who were killed in the US raid on the Afghan-Pakistani border, as well as a photo of the deceased son of one of the officials.[48]

On 20 December 2014, Usama Mahmoud, spokesman for AQIS, condemned an attack on a school in Peshawar, Pakistan, which was carried out by the Pakistani Taliban. He said that the attack was un-Islamic and that "the massacre of innocent children makes our hearts burst."[49]

On 7 June 2022, AQIS threatened suicide attacks in Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Mumbai and Delhi to "fight for the dignity of our Prophet" amid brewing controversy over the remarks by BJP leaders on the founder of Islam.[50]

Claimed, alleged and repudiated attacks

As of now, AQIS have carried out multiple terrorist attacks in Pakistan and Bangladesh -

  • The group took responsibility for the 2 September 2014 assassination of Brigadier Fazal Zahoor, a senior officer in the Pakistani Army, who was shot dead by men riding motorcycles.[51]
  • Spokesman Usama Mahmoud claimed responsibility for a 6 September 2014 attack on a Naval dockyard in Karachi, reportedly carried out by former Pakistan Navy officers, who unsuccessfully tried to hijack a F-22P frigate. Three attackers were killed and seven were arrested by Pakistani forces.[52][53]
  • Spokesman Usama Mahmoud condemned on 20 December 2014 the Peshawar school attack.[54]
  • In video released on 2 May 2015, AQIS claimed responsibility for the death of four Bangladeshi bloggers; Avijit Roy, Oyasiqur Rahman Babu, Ahmed Rajib Haider and AKM Shafiul Islam. They also claimed responsibility for killing two Pakistani citizens, Dr Shakil Auj and blogger Aneeqa Naz. They mentioned Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi.[55][56]
  • On 7 April 2016, AQIS claimed responsibility for the stabbing death of a blogger in Bangladesh by some Islamist militias. [57][58]
  • On 25 April 2016, AQIS claimed responsibility for the death of an LGBT activist in Dhaka, Bangladesh.[8][9]

Criticism

The group has been condemned by other Muslim religious and political organizations including the Association of Indian Muslims, Indian American Muslim Council, Indian Minorities Advocacy Network, Indian Muslim Educational Foundation of North America, Indian Muslim Relief and Charities, Muslim Youth Awareness Alliance in India,[31] and the Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh and Khelafat Majlish in Bangladesh and Burmese Muslim Association in Myanmar.[31][59] A spokesman for Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh added:

There is prevailing a congenial and peaceful environment in Bangladesh. People are living in peace and in such a situation the announcement by Al Qaeda chief Zawahiri has made the people fearful and worried. Bangladesh had experienced earlier militant activities and terrorism by Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh and Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami. But they could not emerge successful and Al Qaeda would not come out successful in Bangladesh despite their announcement.[59]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "US air strikes kill UP terrorist heading al-Qaida in Indian Subcontinent". Times of India. 9 October 2019. Archived from the original on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
  2. ↑ Iqbal, Anwar (2021-07-26). "Al Qaeda present in 15 Afghan provinces: UN". DAWN.COM. Archived from the original on 2021-07-26. Retrieved 2021-07-26.
  3. ↑ "UN sounds alarm over situation in Afghanistan: Report". WION. Archived from the original on 2021-07-25. Retrieved 2021-07-25.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Al Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent incorporates regional jihadist groups". Long War Journal. 5 September 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-12-20. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
  5. ↑ IANS (10 October 2019), "How Sambhals Shanno became Al-Qaedas Maulana Asim Umar" Archived 2021-10-29 at the Wayback Machine, Outlook India. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  6. ↑ E. Atkins, Stephen (2004). Encyclopedia of Modern Worldwide Extremists and Extremist Groups. Greenwood Press. p. 173. ISBN 978-0313324857.
  7. ↑ "Al-Qaeda's message for PM Modi and CM Yogi; 'Ghazwa-e-Hind is not a dream' Details". YouTube. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  8. 1 2 Saad Hammadi (25 April 2016). "Founder of Bangladesh's first and only LGBT magazine killed". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2016-05-02. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  9. 1 2 "Al Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent claims killing of LGBT activist, friend in Bangladesh". The Long War Journal. Archived from the original on 2016-04-30. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  10. 1 2 ""Ansar ut-Tawhid wal-Jihad in Kashmir" Expresses Support for AQIS". SITE Institute. 10 October 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-12-23. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  11. 1 2 Praveen Swami (10 October 2019), "Slain Al-Qaeda chief Asim Umar was Uttar Pradesh village boy who became best-selling jihadist pulp-fiction writer" Archived 2021-10-28 at the Wayback Machine, Firstpost. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  12. ↑ "S/2022/419". United Nations Security Council. Archived from the original on 30 September 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  13. ↑ Pakistan Archived 2023-03-19 at the Wayback Machine. Mapping Militants. Stanford University.
  14. ↑ "Australian National Security Website". Archived from the original on 2022-10-25. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  15. ↑ Kumar, Ankit (December 27, 2017). "In new video, Al-Qaeda says attacking Indian cities must to weaken security forces' grip on Kashmir". India Today. Archived from the original on 2019-01-16. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  16. ↑ "Alarming: Al-Qaeda puts India on hit list, calls for fresh attacks". www.timesnownews.com. 30 November 2017. Archived from the original on 2019-01-16. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  17. ↑ "Arrested Al Qaeda terrorists planned attacks on Kolkata schools". theweek.in. Archived from the original on 2019-01-16. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  18. ↑ "Al Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent threatens to wage war against Pak". The Week. Archived from the original on 2 January 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
  19. ↑ Raza, Syed Irfan (5 May 2005). "Al Qaeda's number three Faraj Al Libbi arrested". Dawn News area studies archives, 2005. Archived from the original on 29 March 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
  20. ↑ Sophia Saifi, Ben Brumfield and Susan Candiotti (6 December 2014). "Pakistan kills al Qaeda leader on FBI most wanted list". CNN. Archived from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
  21. ↑ "Al Qaeda affiliate says killed gay activist in Bangladesh". Reuters. April 26, 2016. Archived from the original on 2019-01-17. Retrieved 2019-01-16 – via www.reuters.com.
  22. ↑ "Ansar al-Islam claims Bangladesh student's killing". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 2019-01-17. Retrieved 2019-01-16.
  23. 1 2 "Al Qaeda's 'India' wing an old plan". India Today. 14 September 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-09-17. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
  24. ↑ "Al Qaeda finds base in India, Modi is on its radar". The Sunday Guardian. March 29, 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-06-06. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
  25. ↑ "Al Qaeda In the Indian subcontinent Released Video Titled 'Kashmir is our' Al Qaeda again target india". 12 October 2021. Archived from the original on 19 November 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
  26. ↑ "Indian states on alert after al Qaeda announces local wing". Reuters. 4 September 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-09-06. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  27. ↑ "Al-Qaeda opens branch in Indian subcontinent". AFP. 4 September 2014. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
  28. ↑ Klausen, Jytte (2021). "2: The Founder". Western Jihadism: A Thirty-Year History. Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, ox2 6dp, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 53–54. ISBN 978-0-19-887079-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  29. ↑ "AQIS Reports on Attacks in Karachi from Nov. 2013 - Oct. 2014, Targets Police, a Blogger, and a Professor". SITE Institute. 11 December 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-12-23. Retrieved 2014-12-23.
  30. ↑ Barry, Ellen (4 September 2014). "4 Young Men Head for Iraq, Citing Fight for Islam, and India Wonders if More Will Follow". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2014-09-07. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
  31. 1 2 3 Mirsab, A. "Condemnation continues to pour from all corners against Al-Qaeda establishment in South Asia". TwoCircle.net. Indian Relief and Muslim Charities. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
  32. ↑ "Counter Terrorism Designations and Removals". United States Department of the Treasury. 30 June 2016. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016.
  33. ↑ "Al Qaeda South Asia commander held in Karachi". The Asian Age. 13 December 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-12-16. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  34. ↑ "US killed AQIS deputy emir, shura member in January drone strikes". Long War Journal. 12 April 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-04-14. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
  35. ↑ "US air strikes kill UP terrorist heading al-Qaida in Indian Subcontinent". Times of India. 9 October 2019. Archived from the original on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  36. ↑ "Al Qaeda will fail to recruit India's Muslims, Prime Minister says". CNN. 22 September 2014. Archived from the original on 2018-03-25. Retrieved 2018-03-25.
  37. ↑ "Asim Umar: Al-Qaeda's South Asia chief 'killed in Afghanistan'". BBC News. 8 October 2019. Archived from the original on 9 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  38. 1 2 "AQIS Spokesman Condemns "Infidel System," Prays for Fighters in Chechnya, Dagestan, and Yemen". SITE Institute. 4 November 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-12-23. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  39. 1 2 "AQIS Gives Eulogy for Former Shabaab Leader, Reminds that US Must be Fought". SITE Institute. 5 November 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-12-23. Retrieved 2014-12-22.
  40. ↑ "Analysis: Al Qaeda's 'Resurgence' focuses on Indian Subcontinent". The Long War Journal. 23 October 2014. Archived from the original on 2015-04-22. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  41. ↑ "Al Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent claims 2 attacks in Pakistan". The Long War Journal. 13 September 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-09-15. Retrieved 2014-09-15.
  42. ↑ "AQIS Explains Motivation for Targeting US Navy in Karachi, Considers America its Primary Target". SITE Institute. 17 September 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-12-23. Retrieved 2014-12-23.
  43. ↑ "AQIS Clarifies Targets of Karachi Naval Yard Attack as US, Indian Navies". SITE Institute. 30 September 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-12-23. Retrieved 2014-12-23.
  44. ↑ "AQIS Spokesman Confirms Death of Official in Drone Strike, Reiterates Call to Target America". SITE Institute. 14 October 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-12-23. Retrieved 2014-12-23.
  45. ↑ "AQIS Leader Eulogizes Shura Council Member Killed in US Drone Strike". SITE Institute. 10 November 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-12-23. Retrieved 2014-12-23.
  46. ↑ "AQIS Spokesman Announces Death of Two Officials, One of Whom Owned House Where Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was Captured". SITE Institute. 20 November 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-12-23. Retrieved 2014-12-23.
  47. ↑ "AQIS Gives Eulogy for Two Slain Officials, Urges Doctors and Pakistan Military Officers to Follow Their Example". SITE Institute. 24 November 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-12-23. Retrieved 2014-12-23.
  48. ↑ "AQIS Provides Picture of Two Officials Killed in US Raid in November 2014". SITE Institute. 5 December 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-12-23. Retrieved 2014-12-23.
  49. ↑ "Al Qaeda condemns Pakistani Taliban's attack on Peshawar school". The Long War Journal. 20 December 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-12-21. Retrieved 2014-12-23.
  50. ↑ "Al-Qaeda threatens suicide attacks over sacked BJP leaders' remarks on Prophet". Hindustan Times. 2022-06-07. Archived from the original on 2022-06-08. Retrieved 2022-06-08. AQIS warned that "saffron terrorists should now await their end in Delhi and Bombay and in UP and Gujarat", according to the report.
  51. ↑ "Al Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent claims 2 attacks in Pakistan". Long War Journal. 13 September 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-09-15. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
  52. ↑ "First claim by al-Qaeda subcontinent wing: Pakistan Navy men ours". Indian Express. 12 September 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-09-12. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
  53. ↑ Sanchez, Ray (18 September 2014). "Al Qaeda branch in South Asia launches first assault". CNN. Archived from the original on 2014-09-19. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
  54. ↑ "Al Qaeda condemns Pakistani Taliban's attack on Peshawar school". The Long War Journal. 20 December 2014. Archived from the original on 2015-04-26. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  55. ↑ "Al Qaeda's India wing mentions PM Modi in video". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 2015-05-04. Retrieved 2015-05-03.
  56. ↑ "Al Qaeda Branch Claims Responsibility for Bangladeshi Blogger's Killing". NY Times. 4 May 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-05-05. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  57. ↑ "Secular activist hacked to death in Bangladesh". english.alarabiya.net. 7 April 2016. Archived from the original on 2018-06-28. Retrieved 2019-01-24.
  58. ↑ Sugam Pokharel; Ivan Watson; Yuli Yang (7 April 2016). "Al Qaeda group says it killed Nazimuddin Samad". CNN. Archived from the original on 2016-04-21. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  59. 1 2 Azam, Kawsar (4 September 2014). "Al Qaeda won't gain ground in Bangladesh: Politicians". English24.com. Archived from the original on 2017-01-18. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
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