Journalist Malcolm Browne's photograph of Thích Quảng Đức during his self-immolation

This is a list of notable people who committed suicide by setting themselves on fire for political reasons. Non-political self-immolations are not included in the list.

List

Before 1900

Date Name Age Country ProtestingNotes and references
396Fayu45Later Qin (today  China)–Earliest recorded Chinese self-immolation.
577Five unnamed Buddhist monks–Northern Zhou (today  China)Persecution of Buddhism by Emperor Wu

1940s

Date Name Age Country ProtestingNotes and references
1948Kuo-shun– ChinaPersecution of Buddhists and destruction of sacred objects by the government of Mao ZedongBuddhist monk from Vietnam.[1] In the city of Harbin, he sat in the lotus position on a pile of sawdust and soybean oil and self-immolated.[2][3]

1950s

Date Name Age Country ProtestingNotes and references
December 8, 1959Poh Kwong– ThailandLoss of money intended to build a new hospital, was possibly swindled through government corruptionBuddhist monk from China. In the city of Bangkok, he sat on a five-foot pyre and attempted to self-immolate before being stopped by police.[1][4]

1960s

Date Name Age Country ProtestingNotes and references
June 11, 1963Thích Quảng Đức66 South VietnamPersecution of Buddhists by the government of Ngô Đình DiệmLed to several other monks and nuns committing the same act before Diệm was toppled. The photo, photographed by Malcolm Browne, became well-associated with his political protest.
August 4, 1963 Thích Nguyen Huong 20s Buddhist monk. Self-immolated in the town center of Phan Thiết. Government soldiers removed his body before other monks could recover it.[5]
August 13, 1963 Thích Thanh Tucd 17 Buddhist novice monk.[5]
August 15, 1963 Diet Quảng – Buddhist nun. Self-immolated in the courtyard of Từ Đàm Pagoda in Huế.[5]
August 16, 1963 Thích Tieu 71 Buddhist monk. He soaked his robes in gasoline and self-immolated in the courtyard of Từ Đàm Pagoda in Huế. Before, he announced over the loudspeaker that he was going to commit suicide in demand for Buddhist rights. After his death (the third self-immolation in one week), the government declared martial law, sparking more Buddhist protests.[5]
October 27, 1963 Ho Dan Van 35–45 Buddhist monk. Dressed in civilian clothing, he was dropped off by a motorcyclist in front of a Catholic cathedral in Saigon, where he squatted in a lotus-fashion, poured gasoline in his lap and struck a match.[6]
January 25, 1964Kizappazuvur Chinnasamy27 IndiaImposition of Hindi over the Tamil languageInspired 5 other self-immolations.[5][7]
1965 Keeranoor Muthu 21 Hotel worker[5]
January 26, 1965 Kodambakkam Sivalingam 21 Madras city government employee[5]
January 27, 1965 Virugambakkam Aranganathan 33 Worked in Madras for the Telephone Department.[5]
February 11, 1965 Ayampalayam Veerappan 26 School headmaster[5]
February 1965 Satyamangalam Muthu 21 Farmer[5]
March 1965 Mayavaram Sarangapani 20 Student[5]
March 16, 1965Alice Herz82 United StatesVietnam WarWomen Strike for Peace member. Self-immolated on a street corner in Detroit, Michigan.[5]
July 23, 1965 Huh Jik 62  South Korea Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea Worked for a minor political party. Self-immolated on the steps of the Seoul Capitol.[5]
October 12, 1965 Hiroko Hayasaki 36  United States Vietnam War Japanese American Buddhist. Self-immolated in San Diego, California.[5]
November 2, 1965Norman Morrison31Quaker from Baltimore.[5] Committed act below Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara's Pentagon office in front of his one-year-old daughter.[8]
November 9, 1965Roger Allen LaPorte22Catholic Worker. Self-immolated in front of the Headquarters of the United Nations in New York City.[9]
November 9, 1965 Celene Jankowski 24 Mother whose three-month-old baby girl died in October 1965. Her brother had also died in the Korean War. Self-immolated in front of her home in South Bend, Indiana.[5] Survived.
May 28, 1966 Thích Nữ Thanh Quảng 55  South Vietnam Government of Nguyễn Cao Kỳ and United States support of the regime (Buddhist Uprising) Buddhist nun.[5][10]
May 28, 1966 Ho Thi Thieu 58 Buddhist laywoman. Self-immolated in pagoda in Saigon. Thousands were present, and monks covered her body with a Buddhist flag.[5][10]
May 28, 1966 Thích Nữ Vinh Ngoc 19 Buddhist nun. Self-immolated in Huế.[5][11]
May 29, 1966 Name missing – Buddhist monk self-immolated in Da Lat.[10]
May 31, 1966 Nguyen Thi Van 17 Buddhist laywoman. Self-immolated outside a pagoda in Huế.[5][11]
May 31, 1966 Name missing – Buddhist[11]
May 31, 1966 Name missing – Buddhist[11]
June 4, 1966 Thích Nữ Dien Dinh 26 Buddhist nun. Self-immolated in the courtyard of a small pagoda in Da Nang.[5][11]
June 4, 1966 Thích Nữ Bao Luan 24 Buddhist nun. Self-immolated in the same location as Thích Du Dien Dinh in Da Nang.[5][11]
June 4, 1966 Thích Dieu Nữ Tri – Buddhist nun. Self-immolated in the same location as Thích Du Dien Dinh in Da Nang.[5][11]
June 4, 1966 Name missing – Novice Buddhist monk. Self-immolated in Quảng Trị[11]
June 17, 1966 Woman; name missing – [5]
July 12, 1966 Liangqing70 ChinaDestruction of the Famen TempleBuddhist monk[12]
May 16, 1967Nhất Chi Mai34 South VietnamVietnam WarBuddhist nun[5][13]
October 3, 1967 Thích Nữ Tri – 1967 South Vietnamese presidential election Buddhist nun[5][14]
October 8, 1967 Woman; name missing –
October 15, 1967Florence Beaumont55 United StatesVietnam War[15]
October 22, 1967 Thích Nữ Hue –  South Vietnam 1967 South Vietnamese presidential election Buddhist nun[5][14]
November 1, 1967 Thích Nữ Thuong –
November 12, 1967Yui Chunoshin73 JapanVietnam WarEsperantist[16][17][18]
December 4, 1967 Erik Thoen 27  United States Zen Buddhist. Self-immolated in Sunnyvale, California.[5]
March 19, 1968 Ronald Brazee 16 Student. Died 5 weeks later.[19]
September 8, 1968Ryszard Siwiec59 PolandPoland's participation in Warsaw Pact invasion of CzechoslovakiaDied 4 days later.[20]
November 5, 1968Vasyl Makukh40 Soviet UnionSoviet rule in UkraineSelf-immolated on Khreshchatyk, Kyiv's main street, while shouting "Colonialism out of Ukraine!" and "Long live a free Ukraine!"[21]
January 16, 1969Jan Palach20 CzechoslovakiaWarsaw Pact invasion of CzechoslovakiaStudent. Inspired other self-immolations in Soviet satellite states.
January 20, 1969Sándor Bauer17 HungaryCommunist rule in Hungary and Warsaw Pact invasion of CzechoslovakiaDied 3 Days later[5][22]
January 20, 1969 Josef Hlavatý 25  Czechoslovakia Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia Blue-collar worker. Self-immolated in Plzeň. Died 5 days later.[5][23]
January 22, 1969 Miroslav Malinka – Blue-collar worker. Referenced Jan Palach. Self-immolated in Brno.[5][23]
January 26, 1969 Jan Bereš 16 Apprentice. Referenced Jan Palach. Self-immolated in Cheb.[23]
February 10, 1969 Mykola Bereslavsky 45  Soviet Union Soviet rule in Ukraine [5]
February 25, 1969Jan Zajíc19 CzechoslovakiaCommunist rule in CzechoslovakiaStudent
April 2, 1969Evžen Plocek39Businessman
April 9, 1969Eliyahu Rips20 Soviet UnionSurvived. Later became professor of mathematics.
May 30, 1969Bruce Mayrock20 United StatesGenocide against Biafra in the Nigerian Civil WarColumbia University student. Died several hours later.

1970s

Date Name Age Country ProtestingNotes and references
February 13, 1970Márton Moyses28 RomaniaCommunist rule in Romania[5]
May 6, 1970 Robert Rex Vice 27  United States Vietnam War and Kent State Shootings Non-student protester at Wabash College demonstration.[24] Died later in hospital.
May 10, 1970George Winne Jr.23 United StatesVietnam WarStudent at the University of California, San Diego. Died the following day.[25]
June 4, 1970 Thích Nữ Lien Tap 24  South Vietnam Buddhist nun[5][14]
September 19, 1970Kostas Georgakis22 GreeceMilitary rule in GreeceStudent at the University of Genoa
September 19, 1970Joseba Elosegi54 SpainBombing of Guernica in 1937. Independence of the Basque Country.Survived[5]
November 13, 1970Jeon Tae-il22 South KoreaLabor conditions and the government's opposition to reform[5]
May 1971 Nguyen Thi Co –  South Vietnam Vietnam War Buddhist nun[5][14]
Thích Nữ Tinh Nhuan –
August 16, 1971 Man; name missing – Vietnam War veteran[5]
Nguyen Minh Dang 37 Vietnam War veteran[5]
October 1971 Thích Nữ Tinh Cuong – Buddhist nun[5][14]
1972 Thích Nữ Dien Han – Buddhist nun[5][14]
May 14, 1972Romas Kalanta19 Soviet UnionCommunist rule in LithuaniaInspired largest post-war riots in occupied Lithuania and the USSR and 13 other self-immolations
May 29, 1972 V. Stonys 24 Self-immolated in Varėna.[5]
June 6, 1972Huguette Gaulin28 Canada[26]
1974 Thích Nữ Du Dieu –  South Vietnam Vietnam War Buddhist nun[5][14]
August 10, 1976Antanas Kalinauskas19 Soviet UnionCommunist rule in LithuaniaIn Soviet Army barracks in Gulbene, Latvia. Died the following day.
August 22, 1976Oskar Brüsewitz47 East GermanyCommunist repression of religion in East GermanyLutheran pastor[27]
February 10, 1977Alain Escoffier27 FranceCommunismMember of the Party of New Forces, a neo-fascist political party.
November 16, 1977Hartmut Gründler37 West GermanyAtomic policy
January 21, 1978Oleksa Hirnyk65 Soviet UnionCommunist rule in Ukraine
February 8, 1978Erika Ruppert24 West GermanyPolitical protestRuppert and Helmut Kleinknecht wrote a letter a day before their act in which they explained the reasoning behind their decision, and their affiliation with Ananda Marga. The next morning, she and Kleinknecht doused themselves with gasoline and self-immolated at the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church in Berlin.[28][29]
February 8, 1978Helmut Kleinknecht28 West GermanyPolitical protestSelf-immolated along with Erika Ruppert at the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church in Berlin.[28][29]
June 14, 1978Elizabeth Weniger25 PhilippinesPolitical protestSwiss-born Elizabeth Weniger self-immolated at Rizal Park in Manila after distributing leaflets explaining her reasons.[30][31][32]
June 23, 1978Musa Mamut46 Soviet UnionDiscrimination against Crimean Tatars in the Soviet residence permit system, which prohibited nearly all Crimean Tatars who were deported in 1944 from returning to their place of birthMamut was born and raised Crimea until the NKVD deported all Crimean Tatars to Central Asia in May 1944. He returned to Crimea in 1975 and was later arrested and charged for not having a residence permit to live there, despite being born in the peninsula; the residence permit system was designed to prevent exiled Crimean Tatars from returning to their homeland. Then police came to arrest him on 23 June 1978 Mamut self-immolated rather than being deported again and died 5 days later.[33]
October 3, 1978Lynette Phillips24  SwitzerlandSocial protestLynette Phillips had previously planned to self-immolate outside the British Houses of Parliament in London, but upon receiving word of this, British authorities deported her. She changed her plan and decided to self-immolate outside the United Nations headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. She protested against "inhumanity, injustice and irrationality prevalent in our society". She died at the scene.[34]

1980s

Date Name Age Country ProtestingNotes and references
March 21, 1980Walenty Badylak76 PolandKatyn massacreHome Army veteran self-immolated chained to a well in the Main Square, Kraków.[35][36]
March 21, 1981Per-Axel Arosenius60 SwedenTaxes
May 18, 1982 Mahmut Zengin Ferhat Kurtay

Eşref Anyık

Necmi Öner

  Turkey Detention conditions in Prison The four were members of the Kurdistan Workers' Party protesting the detention conditions in the Diyarbakır prison after the coup d'état in 1980.[37]
May 26, 1982 Semra Ertan 25  West Germany Racism towards Turkish workers in Germany Writer and poet.[38]
August 10, 1982Artin Penik61 TurkeyASALA attack at Esenboğa International Airport
November 2, 1983Sebastián Acevedo52 ChileKidnapping of his children by the Chilean police during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet[39]
February 2, 1985 Mehmet Karahüseyinov 40  Bulgaria Treatment of Turks in Bulgaria Self-immolated after Bulgarian government tried to change his name. Survived heavily wounded, died 5 years later.[40]
February 14, 1986 Orland Payne McCafferty 58 United States Ronald Reagan's policies
March 2, 1989Liviu Cornel Babeş47 RomaniaCommunist rule in RomaniaSelf-immolated on ski slope. Died 2 hours later.[41]
March 2, 1989Vytautas Vičiulis37 Soviet UnionCommunist rule in Lithuania
March 24, 1989Kailash Pawar IndiaTo draw attention to plight of Bhopal gas victims and protest public indifferenceOriginal story published in The Hindu, March 26, 1990.[42]
April 7, 1989Cheng Nan-jung41 TaiwanFor freedom of speech and Taiwan independence
May 19, 1989Chan I-hua32During funeral procession of Cheng Nan-jung.[43]
October 24, 1989 Shavkat Yarullin 40  Soviet Union In protest of exile and mistreatment of Crimean Tatars by the government Self-immolated in front of a government building. Died several hours later.[44]
December 14, 1989 Seidamet Balji In protest of exile and mistreatment of Crimean Tatars by the government While being forced to leave Yalta he doused himself with gasoline and self-immolated. Survived after being extinguished, but said he would do it again if he had to live in exile for longer.[44]

1990s

Date Name Age Country ProtestingNotes and references
March 21, 1990 Zekiye Alkan  Turkey Ban of Newroz celebrations Medical student who self-immolated on Newroz.[45][46]
April 26, 1990Stanislovas Žemaitis52 Soviet UnionCommunist rule in LithuaniaProtesting Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania. Died the following day in Moscow hospital.
April 29, 1990Sunghee Park19 South KoreaPolitical situation in South KoreaSelf-immolated during students' protest against the South Korean regime. Died May 19, 1991.
May 9, 1990Rimantas Daugintis55 Soviet UnionCommunist rule in LithuaniaLithuanian sculptor self-immolated on Hungarian–Soviet border. Died a few days later.
September 19, 1990Rajiv Goswami19 IndiaReservation in IndiaSurvived[47]
October 14, 1990Thanawut Klingchuea20 ThailandGovernment of Chatichai ChoonhavanRamkhamhaeng University student[48]
February 18, 1991Gregory Levey30 United StatesGulf WarTook place in Amherst Common, Massachusetts.[49]
September 21, 1991Giorgi Abesadze35 GeorgiaLooming civil war in GeorgiaPhysician[50]
March 21, 1992 Rahşan Demirel  Turkey Treatment of Kurds by Turkey She self-immolated on Newroz.[46]
April 6, 1993Binh Gia Pham43 United StatesPersecution of Buddhists in VietnamBinh Gia Pham had five friends tape his self-immolation outside Boston. Died at the scene.[51][52]
April 29, 1993Graham Bamford48 United KingdomWar in Bosnia and Herzegovina'The British army must not be a guard of honour at a mass funeral. Bosnian babies, children, and womenfolk are waiting for the politicians to do what they know they should – give them military protection.'[53]
February 21, 1994Homa Darabi54 IranLegal obligation under the Islamic Criminal Code (Art. 139) for women to wear the headscarf in public[54]Pediatrician, political activist. Died the following day
March 21, 1994 Nilgün Yıldırım and Bedriye Taş Repression of Kurdish identity and traditions They immolated themselves on Newroz, an important festivity for the Kurds[46]
April 25, 1995Reinhold Elstner75 Germany"Slander and demonization" of German soldiers after World War IIWehrmacht veteran. Died in a Munich hospital 12 hours later.
September 3, 1995Sabine Kratze25 VietnamTrial of six Buddhist monks
December 15, 1995 Abdul Raoob 23  India Killing of the Sri Lankan Tamils Self-immolated himself in Trichy, Tamil Nadu over the Killings of Sri Lankan Tamils committed by the Sinhalese-dominated Sri Lanka government and to Protest against India playing the Sri Lanka Cricket team in Chennai.[55]
October 22, 1996Kathy Change46 United StatesFor directly democratic community-based self-government
January 13, 1998Alfredo Ormando39 ItalyCatholic Church's condemnation of homosexuality[56]
April 27, 1998Thupten Ngodup60 IndiaPolitical situation in TibetEx-monk. In protest of police interference with unto-death hunger-strike in Delhi. Died 2 days later in hospital after visit by the Dalai Lama.[57][58][59]
February 16, 1999Necla Coşkun14 United KingdomArrest of Abdullah ÖcalanSurvived[60][61]
February 1999 Zülkuf Yilmaz   Switzerland Arrest of Abdullah Öcalan Survived[62]

2000s

Date Name Age Country ProtestingNotes and references
January 23, 2001various– ChinaSee Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident[63]
April 2, 2001Shahraz Kayani48 AustraliaGovernment refusal to grant entry to his wife and daughtersPakistani refugee[64]
November 15, 2002Milos Redzepovic34 GermanyPlanned deportation of his family to SerbiaDoused himself in gasoline and self-immolated inside the town hall of Syke. Died the following day.[65]
March 6, 2003Zdeněk Adamec19 Czech RepublicIraq WarSelf-immolated in Prague. Died at the scene.[66][67]
June 23, 2003Neda Hassani26 United KingdomRaid on and arrest of members of the People's Mujahedin of IranSelf-immolated in front of the French embassy in London. Died at the scene. There were at least 4 other self-immolations protesting the same.[68]
July 21, 2004Mordehai (Hamimo) Cohen30 IsraelRejection of work licenseSelf-immolated during a City Hall assembly[69]
October 5, 2004Maggy Mufu Delvaux44 LuxembourgProtest against institutionalized racismSelf-immolated in a public place[70] Money problems resulting from the Luxembourgish government denying her family the authorisation to open a garage despite meeting all the legal requirements and suing the State for discrimination have driven the woman to desperately plead her case publicly after writing an open letter to the Prime Minister warning him of what she was about to do. However no help was sent to her to prevent her immolation.[71]
August 17, 2005Yelena Businov54 IsraelProtest against the Israeli disengagement from Gaza[72]
August 31, 2005Baruch Ben Menahem21[73]
March 28, 2006Eleftheria Fourtoulaki  GreeceTreatment of Kurds in Turkey[74]
June 11, 2006Pravin Joshi30 IndiaScreening of FanaaDied 9 days later.[75]
October 31, 2006Roland Weisselberg73 GermanySpread of IslamFormer Lutheran pastor self-immolated in a former monastery in Erfurt. Died the following day.[76]
November 3, 2006Malachi Ritscher52 United StatesWar in IraqDied at the scene.[77]
November 23, 2006 Lhakpa Tsering 23  India Political situation in Tibet Survived.
March 7, 2007Uddhav Bhandari40 United KingdomAsylum policyNepali asylum seeker[78]
April 1, 2007Heo Se-uk54 South KoreaSouth Korea – United States Free Trade Agreement[79]
October 1, 2008Ramiro Guillén Tapia65 MexicoLocal government in the city of Xalapa[80]
January 29, 2009Kumar Muthukumar26 IndiaKilling of the Sri Lankan TamilsInspired several other self-immolations[81]
February 12, 2009Murugathasan Varnakulasingham26  SwitzerlandKilling of the Sri Lankan TamilsInspired several other self-immolations[82]
February 27, 2009Tapeymid-20s ChinaPolitical situation in TibetMonk, Kirti Monastery, Ngaba. Shot[83] by Chinese police while on fire, and then taken away by them. Current status unknown.[83]
November 13, 2009Tang Fu-zhen47Forced demolition of her homeDied 16 days later.[84]
December 3, 2009Kasoju Srikanth Chary24 IndiaFor statehood of TelanganaDied the following day.[85]

2010s

Date Name Age Country ProtestingNotes and references
February 20, 2010Siripur Yadaiah19 IndiaFor statehood of TelanganaStudent. Self immolated at the main gate of Osmania University, Hyderabad. Died the next day in hospital.[86][87]
July 31, 2010Eshan Reddy20sStudent. Self-immolated as an offering for a deity for the cause of statehood.[88]
September 10, 2010 Ye Zhongcheng79 ChinaForced demolition of their homeZhongcheng self-immolated with two family members and died on September 18.[89]
December 17, 2010Tarek el-Tayeb Mohamed Bouazizi26 TunisiaCorruption in governmentInspired the Tunisian revolution leading to ouster of President Ben Ali and further revolutions of the Arab Spring. Died January 4, 2011.[90]
January 16, 2011Venugopala Reddy20s IndiaFor statehood of TelanganaMCA student immolated himself near his university auditorium,died on the spot.[91]
January 16, 2011Mohsen Bouterfif– AlgeriaUnemployment and housingInspired by Bouazizi's self-immolation in Tunisia.[92]
January 16, 2011 Bhavani18 IndiaFor statehood of Telangana[93]
January 17, 2011Yacoub Ould Dahoud43 MauritaniaPolitical situation in Mauritania[94]
January 23, 2011 Unnamed man 60s  Saudi Arabia Political situation in Saudi Arabia [95]
February 21, 2011Mustafa 40 IndiaFor statehood of Telangana[96]
March 16, 2011Rigzin Phuntsog21 ChinaPolitical situation in TibetMonk of Kirti Monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Beaten by police before they extinguished the flames. Died in hospital.[97][98][99]
June 15, 2011Thomas James Ball58 United StatesFather's rights and family court injusticeSelf immolated on the steps of a family courthouse in New Hampshire. Died on the spot.[100]
August 15, 2011Tsewang Norbu29 ChinaPolitical situation in TibetMonk of Nyitso monastery in Kham Tawu. In Tawu. Died soon afterwards.[97][99][101]
August 28, 2011 Senkodi27 IndiaConvictions in the Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi caseA Tamil woman immolated herself in front of a tahsil office at Kanchipuram to protest death sentences of A. G. Perarivalan, V. Sriharan (alias Murugan), and T. Suthendraraja (alias Santhan). She died the same day.[102]
September 16, 2011Apostolos Polyzonis55 GreeceEuropean sovereign-debt crisisSelf-immolated in front of a bank in Thessaloniki.[103]
September 23, 2011 Andrzej Żydek 49  Poland Opposition to the Civic Platform government Occurred in front of the Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Poland. A letter to Donald Tusk was found attached to a bench in the park.[104][105]
March 17, 2012Sonam Thargyal (Dargye, Dhargay)44 ChinaFarmer in Rebkong, Amdo. Died on the spot.[106][107]
March 24, 2012L Bhoja Naik21 IndiaFor statehood of TelanganaMBA student self-immolated in front of his college. Died on the spot.[108]
March 26, 2012Jamphel Yeshi27 IndiaPolitical situation in TibetLayperson in Delhi. Died 2 days later in hospital.[109][110]
March 26, 2012Rajmouli40 IndiaFor statehood of Telangana[111][112]
March 26, 2012B.R. Goudn/a IndiaFor statehood of Telangana[111]
March 27, 2012 Pallavi17 IndiaFor statehood of TelanganaDied later in hospital.[113]
March 27, 2012Kalakanchi Ilaiah30 IndiaFor statehood of TelanganaScrap dealer.[114]
March 28, 2012K Uppalaiah30 IndiaFor statehood of Telangana[115]
March 28, 2012Lobsang Sherab20 ChinaPolitical situation in TibetMonk of Kirti Monastery.[116] In Ngaba, Amdo. Died on the spot.[117][118]
March 28, 2012Sripuram Srikanth23 IndiaFor statehood of TelanganaDied on March 30 at the Osmania General Hospital.[119]
March 30, 2012Tenpa Dhargyal (Darjey)22 ChinaPolitical situation in TibetMonk of Tsodun monastery, Barkham, Amdo. Forcibly removed to hospital by Chinese security forces. Current status unknown.[120][121]
March 30, 2012Chimey Palden (Chime)21 ChinaPolitical situation in TibetMonk of Tsodun monastery, Barkham, Amdo. Forcibly removed to hospital by Chinese security forces.[121][122] Died later that day around midnight.[123]
March 30, 2012Shyamapuri Shankar24 IndiaFor statehood of Telangana[124]
March 30, 2012Bandavath Suresh25 IndiaFor statehood of TelanganaSuffered 50% burns.[125]
July 14, 2012Moshe Silman57 IsraelSocial justice march in Tel AvivSocial justice activist, suffered 90% burns.[126] Died July 20 in hospital.[127]
July 16, 2012Zion Vaknin[128]46 IsraelSocial injustice protestAt Beersheba's city hall, in protest of debts.[129]
July 18, 2012Valentina Gerasimovna57 RussiaA woman attempted to self-immolate at the public reception center of the ruling United Russia party in Novosibirsk. Earlier, she addressed the party's public reception center for legal advice as an apartment buyer.[130][131] Died in a hospital.[132]
July 20, 2012Akiva Mafi45 IsraelSocial injustice protestAkiva Mafi[133] (45) Disabled IDF veteran sets himself on fire in Yehud, on behalf of wounded veterans.[134][135] Died August 1, 2012.[136] New agency established to prevent more cases.
July 30, 2012Đặng Thị Kim Liêng64 VietnamAgainst 2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists[137]Tạ Phong Tần's mother. Self-immolated in the early morning. Died en route to the hospital.[138]
February 18, 2013Trayan Marechkov26 BulgariaPart of the 2013 Bulgarian protestsDied on the spot, at a central crossroads, in front of the central office of a private bank in Veliko Tarnovo.[139][140]
February 20, 2013Plamen Goranov36  BulgariaPart of the 2013 Bulgarian protests against the Borisov cabinetProtested corruption and monopolies,[141] and demanded the resignation of Varna's mayor Kiril Yordanov and the Municipal Council.[142] Mountain climber and photographer. Set himself alight in front of the Varna municipality. Died 11 days later in hospital.[143][144]
February 26, 2013Ventzislav Vasilev53  BulgariaPart of the 2013 Bulgarian protestsFather of five.[145] Set himself on fire in Radnevo. Died in hospital two weeks later.
March 13, 2013Dimitar Dimitrov51  Bulgaria Part of the 2013 Bulgarian protestsSet himself on fire in front of the Presidential Palace in Sofia. Hospitalized with life-threatening injuries.[146][147]
March 20, 2013Todor Yovchev40  Bulgaria Part of the 2013 Bulgarian protestsDied on March 22[148]
May 24, 2013Bowatte Indarathana30 Sri LankaAgainst the slaughtering of cattle and alleged conversion of Buddhists to minority religions in Sri Lanka[149]
June 12, 2013 Andrzej Filipiak 56  Poland Unemployed receiving no help from the state Occurred across the street from the Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Poland[150][151][152]
June 20, 2014Thu Hoang71 United StatesIn apparent response to the Hai Yang Shi You 981 standoffApparent protest by a Vietnamese man of a Chinese state-owned oil rig being placed into waters contested by Vietnam in the South China Sea[153]
June 23, 2014Charles R. Moore79Social injustice[154]Set himself alight in a strip mall parking lot, died upon arrival at hospital.
March 14, 2015Younes Asakere34 IranDiscrimination of Ahwazi ArabsSelf-immolated after local authorities confiscated his vendor stall in Khorramshahr. Died on March 22.[155] Inspired a mass protest which resulted in arrests of some 1,000 people and further self-immolations.[156]
August 12, 2015Choi Yeon-yeol80 South KoreaJapanese colonization of Korea and military conduct during World War II[157]Set himself on fire in a flower bed near the Japanese embassy in Seoul during an anti-Japan protest by "comfort women" (survivors of World War II Japanese military brothels). Injuries sustained were not life-threatening. Condition Pending.[158]
October 18, 2015Khodayar Amini30 AustraliaAustralian refugee policySelf-immolated in Melbourne during a video call to his advocates.[159]
October 24, 2015Erlan Bektibaev20 KazakhstanSocial injusticeDoused himself with gasoline and set himself on fire on October 24 in front of the Taraz headquarters of the ruling Nur Otan party in Taraz. Bektibayev was rushed to hospital, but later died of his burns.
February 28, 2016 Dorjee Tsering 16  India Political situation in Tibet Survived and recovered in a New Delhi hospital. American presidential candidate Hillary Clinton held up his photograph while speaking to a Tibetan advocacy group.[160]
March 19, 2016Charles Ingram51 United StatesCorruption at the United States Department of Veterans AffairsMilitary veteran walked nine miles to a military veteran hospital before self-immolated in the hospital's parking lot.[161]
April 27, 2016Omid Masoumali23 NauruAustralian refugee policyIranian refugee self-immolated at an Australian refugee detention camp during a visit to the camp by representatives of a UNHCR fundraising arm (Australia for UNHCR) who told the refugees to expect to remain on Nauru for "another ten years".[162] After more than 24 hours without adequate medical attention he was airlifted by private contractor to Brisbane, Australia where he died on 29 April 2016 from his burns.[163]
May 2, 2016Hodan Yasi21In an Australian refugee detention camp. Woman from Somalia (variously referred to as Hadon/Hodan and Yasin/Yasi) was airlifted from Nauru to Brisbane[164] but her condition as at late May 2016 is shrouded in secrecy. It seems she may still be alive, since her death would have to be reported under Queensland Law and an inquest into her death held as she would be deemed to be a "Death in Custody" had she died.
May 19, 2017 Unknown 54  Germany Islamization of Germany Died in hospital. Police said the man had scrawled slogans on his car along the lines of "Never again war on German soil" and "Amri is only the tip of the iceberg" — a reference to Anis Amri, the Tunisian who attacked a Christmas market in Berlin and whom authorities had previously been unable to deport.[165]
July 15, 2017 Tenzin Choeying 20  India Political situation in Tibet Suffered 50% burns. Died nine days later from his injuries.[166]
July 29, 2017 Pasang Dhondup 49 Died in Dharamshala[167]
September 21, 2017 Zdenek Hanzlik 60  New Zealand Family Court Injustices Zdenek "Sid" Hanzlik, died in Wellington Hospital after setting himself on fire outside Parliament protesting against 'perceived injustices' in the Family Court [168]
October 19, 2017 Piotr Szczęsny 54  Poland Rule of Law and Justice political party Leaflets[169][170] were strewn around him on the ground outside of the Palace of Culture and Science, and a speaker was broadcasting a song by a 1990s Polish rock band titled "I love freedom".[171][172][173]
January 15, 2018 Dmitry Rudov 39  Russia Corruption of government After being sacked from Gazprom's subsidiary and unsuccessfully appealing to President Putin, he set himself on fire in front of Ishimbay's City Hall in Bashkortostan. Died in hospital the next day.[174]
April 14, 2018 David Buckel 60  United States Climate change and pollution[175]

In a note sent to The New York Times and other news outlets, along with a copy attached to a shopping cart near his body he stated fossil fuel use and the environmental destruction it causes as the reason he decided to end his life by self-immolation with fossil fuels. Buckel was a prominent lawyer for gay rights, and was involved in environmental causes.[176][177][178]

May 20, 2018 Fathi Harb 20  Palestine Economic situation in Gaza Died on May 23.[179][180]
June 20, 2018 Chloe Sagal 31  United States Homelessness and mental health issues Several days after threatening self-harm with a machete, Sagal walked into a downtown Oregon Park, read a statement regarding homelessness and mental health before covering herself with fluid and setting herself alight.[181]
June 26, 2018John Watts58Corruption at the United States Department of Veterans AffairsMilitary veteran self-immolated on the steps of the Georgia state Capitol to protest corruption at the United States Department of Veterans Affairs.[182]
August 3, 2018 Vatan Karabash 47–48 Crimea (disputed) Russian annexation of Crimea and repressions of the Crimean Tatars Karabash set himself on fire in public, declaring Russia policies to be lawless; he had previously expressed anger at plans for demolition of Crimean Tatar houses in Russian-annexed Crimea, which had been deemed "illegal" since they were built before deported Crimean Tatars were permitted to return. Bystanders put out the flames and the injuries were reported to be non-fatal.[183]
August 15, 2018 Unknown 50s  United Kingdom Homelessness A woman in her fifties (later identified under the pseudonym "Melanie Smith"), under threat of eviction and suffering from mental health issues set herself on fire at the housing office of Barnet London Borough Council. She died in intensive care several months later, with council employees reportedly having been ordered not to discuss the incident with journalists.[184][185]
September 19, 2018 Nicholas McCrary 29  United States Involuntary celibacy and mental health McCrary was a prolific YouTuber who had autism and whose videos were popular with "blackcels" (black incels). He also used the pseudonym Baraka Mckray, and accused black women of being "prejudiced" against autistic men such as himself.[186][187]
September 27, 2018 Unknown  Germany Against the imprisonment of Abdullah Öcalan Self-immolated in Ingolstadt, as Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was to visit Germany.[188]
November 28, 2018 Mahsun Özen 21  Turkey Treatment of Kurds in Turkey Self-immolated on the anniversary of the Roboski airstrike in which 34 Kurds died[189]
January 18, 2019 Name missing 54  Czech Republic In memory of Jan Palach who burned himself to death in 1969, protesting the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia Suffered 30% burns after setting himself on fire at the central Wenceslas Square of Prague on the 50th anniversary of Jan Palach's death from his self-immolation protest against the Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia. According to Czech authorities, "he said it was only a remembrance to Jan Palach".[190]
Februar 20, 2019 Name missing 43  Germany Against the imprisonment of Abdullah Öcalan Self-immolated in front of the Court in Krefeld, Germany[191]
May 29, 2019 Arnav Gupta 33  United States Unknown An Indian-origin resident of Bethesda, Maryland died in hospital that day after setting himself on fire near the White House in Washington, D.C. while wearing a USA T-shirt. The Washington Post described his actions as "an unmistakable protest, the loudest, most spectacular cry that people in pain can come up with."[192]
July 19, 2019 Unknown 70s  South Korea Unknown A man used 20 liters of fuel to set himself on fire in his car in the early morning outside the Japanese embassy in Seoul. He died several hours later in the hospital.[193]
September 9, 2019 Sahar Khodayari 29  Iran The right for women in Iran to attend a football match alongside men The Iranian female football fan died that day, one week after setting herself on fire outside an Iranian court, reportedly after learning she may have to serve a six-month sentence for trying to enter a football stadium (alongside men).[194]
September 10, 2019 Albert Razin 79  Russia The declining status and use of the Udmurt language in Russia. The scholar and activist set himself on fire outside the State Council building in Izhevsk, Udmurt Republic, as the regional government was considering passing a bill to reduce the status of the indigenous Udmurt language in the republic. Razin died the same day.[195][196]
October 23, 2019 Unknown   Switzerland In protest of the Turkish invasion of Syria A Syrian Kurdish man set himself on fire in front of the seat of the UNHCR in Geneva.[197]
November 10, 2019 Anas K. 22  France Student living costs, fascism, neoliberalism A 22-year-old man enrolled at Lyon 2 University set himself on fire in front of a university restaurant in response to being unable to sustain himself on €450 a month. In a post on Facebook, he blamed Emmanuel Macron, François Hollande, Nicolas Sarkozy and the EU for having "killed" him, and also attacked Marine Le Pen and media figures for creating fear, also urging readers to "Fight against the rise of fascism which divides us, and against liberalism which creates inequalities". He was admitted to hospital with 90% burns over his body.[198][199]

2020s

Date Name Age Country ProtestingNotes and references
July 18, 2020 Linda J. Zhang 18  United States Protesting climate change inaction[200] High school student from New York self-immolated and died from injuries. A climate activist who left an op-ed to the New York Times before she died.[200]
February 7, 2020 Adem Yarıcı 42  Turkey Unemployment in Turkey 42-year-old unemployed man, father of two, set himself on fire in front of Hatay governor's office. Witnesses said that he shouted "My kids are hungry!" before setting himself ablaze. He died on the same day. The governor claimed that Yarıcı divorced from his wife a while ago, had mental illness and attempt to self-immolate before.

[201][202][203]

June 16, 2020 unknown 48  Poland Unknown A 48-year-old man set himself on fire shortly after talking to journalists outside of the Sejm building in Warsaw, Poland.[204]
July 27, 2020 Arie den Dekker 54  Netherlands Murder witness, removed from family, turned homeless Den Dekker had witnessed a murder in 2018. Following this, his house was torched multiple times and he was put into a witness protection program. Unable to be with his family and having his pleas ignored by the municipality and the government, Den Dekker protested in front of Oss' city hall multiple times, throwing dead fish inside, dousing himself in cow feces and committing other acts of despair on multiple occasions. On July 27 he committed suicide by self-immolation in front of the city hall.[205]
August 3, 2020 Yavuz Polat 46  Turkey Economical issues A 47-year-old street vendor from Erzincan set himself on fire after the police wanted him to remove his corn stall. He died on August 27.[206][207]
August 4, 2020 Anastasia Niklas 24  Ukraine Unknown 24-year-old Anastasia Niklas lit herself on fire in Zaporizhia, Ukraine, outside a Catholic church in the center of the city.[208] According to a security guard who was on duty, the woman arrived around 4:00 am, doused herself with gasoline, and lit herself on fire. Her motives remain unknown, she died on the spot.[209]
August 14, 2020 Fikret Güven  Turkey Economical issues A tea maker set himself on fire in front of the Bursa governorship after the police closed the roads to his shop.

[210][211]

September 18, 2020 Syarhei Radchenya 36 Belarus Belarus Fraudulent election and follow-on police abuse and brutality against protests in Belarus. 36-year-old Syarhei Radchenya set himself on fire in Smalavichy, Belarus, near the local police department. According to the press service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Syarhei poured gasoline over himself from a canister and set it on fire after which an employee ran out of the district department building and put out the fire. Syarhei was hospitalized in critical condition with burns on 84% of his body surface, including the respiratory tract. He died on September 25, 2020, as a result of his injuries.[212]
October 2, 2020 Irina Slavina 47 Russia Russia Journalist; her apartment was searched the day before by the police alleging her ties to the Open Russia group Russian journalist Irina Slavina set herself on fire in front of the Interior Ministry office in Nizhniy Novgorod. She has died there of the resulting burns.[213][214]
February 12, 2021 Halil S.  Germany Against the detention conditions of Abdullah Öcalan He set himself on fire in front of the Landtag in Dresden[215][216]
April 12, 2021 Itzik Saidyan 26  Israel Government treatment of disabled veterans He set himself on fire in front of the Defense Ministry's rehabilitation department offices in Petah Tikva that handles the rehabilitation of injured soldiers,[217] two days before the annual Memorial Day. Saidian fought in the 2014 war in Gaza, Operation Protective Edge, and suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder.[218]
January 1, 2022 Unknown  Australia Vaccine ID and mandates He set himself on fire on Church St. in Richmond, Victoria, sustaining life-threatening injuries. The man was stopped by paramedics and police.[219][220]
January 31, 2022 Unknown  Italy Unknown Man of unknown identity set himself on fire in front of a Carabinieri barrack Rende, Calabria, sustaining life-threatening injuries. Local police and man's family confirm man was twice vaccinated and self-immolation was not due to the vaccine mandate.

[221][222]

February 25, 2022 Tsewang Norbu 25  China Political situation in Tibet Popular Tibetan singer from Nangchu. Self-immolated in front of the Potala Palace in Lhasa. Died in the hospital a few days later.
April 22, 2022 Wynn Bruce 54  United States Protesting climate change inaction[223] Man from Boulder, Colorado self-immolated in front of the Supreme Court Building in Washington, D.C. Died from injuries.[224] Described himself as a Buddhist and climate activist.[223]
May 18, 2022 Krishanpal 52  India Police inaction He set himself ablaze outside an SSP office alleging police inaction over a complaint he filed against some people for destroying his crops.[225][226]
September 21, 2022 Unknown 70s  Japan Funeral of Shinzo Abe A man in his 70s set himself on fire near the Prime Minister's Official Residence in protest of the decision to hold an official state funeral for former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe.[227]
March 1, 2023 Chet Bohrer 42  United States Bullying and mental health 42 year old resident of Salt Lake City, Utah set himself on fire at Bancroft Way and Telegraph Ave on the UC Berkeley campus. He had no known affiliation with the university. Bohrer died in the hospital from his injuries days later. He claimed to have been bullied and spied on by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.[228]
April 13, 2023 Nizar Issaoui 35  Tunisia Human rights in Tunisia, Anti-police sentiment A local Tunisian footballer died after setting himself on fire in what he said was a protest against Tunisia's “police state”.[229] During his funeral, demonstrators started throwing stones at police, who retaliated with tear gas.[230]
August 1, 2023 Bar Kalaf 33  Israel The Defense Ministry denying him disability status Kalaf served in the Israeli Defense Force from 2008 to 2011 and saw combat in Operation Protective Edge as a reservist, where he claimed he developed post-traumatic stress disorder. The Defense Ministry rejected his application for disability status, stating he had a mental disorder unrelated to his military duties. Kalaf self-immolated in his home and afterwards was rushed to Sheba Medical Center in Ramat Gan where he died.[231] [232]
November 8, 2023 Unknown  DRC Protest of the genocide in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Congolese man set himself on fire to protest the ongoing genocide in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The video, which was posted on Twitter on November 8, shows the man, who has not been identified, standing in front of a crowd in Kinshasa, the capital of the DRC, holding a sign that reads “Stop the genocide in Congo”. [233] [234] [235]
December 1, 2023 Unknown  United States Protest of the continuation of the Israeli Government's bombardment[236] of Palestinians in Gaza. A protester self-immolated outside the Israeli Consulate in Atlanta, Georgia; following what officials described as "an act of extreme political protest," a Palestinian national flag was recovered at the scene.[237][238]

See also

References

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  • "The Self Immolators" – a chronological list of biographies and last statements of known self immolators 1967 to 2013
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