1935 Alberta general election

August 22, 1935 (1935-08-22)
63 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta 32 seats were needed for a majority
Turnout	81.8%
Majority party Minority party Third party   LIB Leader William Aberhart (de facto) William R. Howson David M. Duggan Party Social Credit Liberal Conservative Leader since September 3, 1935 October 21, 1932 1930 Leader's seat Did not run Edmonton Edmonton Last election pre-creation 11 seats, 24.6% 6 seats, 14.8% Seats before 0 13 6 Seats won 56 5 2 Seat change 56 8 4 Popular vote 163,700 69,845 19,358 Percentage 54.2% 23.1% 6.4% Swing — 1.5% 8.4%   Fourth party Fifth party   Leader Richard G. Reid Fred J. White Party United Farmers Labour Leader since 1934 between 1921 & 1926 Leader's seat Vermilion (lost re-election) Last election 39 seats, 39.4% 4 seats, 7.6% Seats before 36 4 Seats won 0 0 Seat change 36 4 Popular vote 33,063 5,086 Percentage 11.0% 1.7% Swing 28.4% 5.9%
Premier before election Richard G. Reid United Farmers Premier after election William Aberhart Social Credit

The 1935 Alberta general election was held on August 22, 1935, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. The newly founded Social Credit Party of Alberta won a sweeping victory, unseating the 14-year government of the United Farmers of Alberta. It was one of only five times that Alberta has changed governments.

Premier John E. Brownlee had resigned on July 10, 1934, when he was sued and found liable for the seduction of a young clerk working in the Attorney-General's office. Although the verdict was immediately set aside by the presiding judge, the scandal seriously damaged the UFA's reputation among socially conservative Albertans. Provincial Treasurer Richard G. Reid succeeded him, but was unable to change the party's fortunes. The government had fallen into disfavour as it had proven unable to address the Depression, which had hit Alberta particularly hard, and due to the government's unwillingness to accede to demands to adopt Social Credit policies and programs.

Social Credit won 56 of the 63 seats in the legislature, and over 50% of the popular vote, well beyond even the most optimistic Socred projections. Many of those gains came at the expense of the UFA, which lost all of its seats in one of the worst defeats ever suffered by a provincial government in Canada. Reid and Brownlee, for instance, were heavily defeated by Socred challengers, with Reid being pushed into third place. The UFA did receive 11 percent of the vote so its due share was about ten members - the province's limited use of PR did not ensure that it won any seats at all.

The UFA's wipeout happened just a month after the Prince Edward Island Tories lost all 18 of their seats at that year's provincial election. A similar wipeout would not happen again until the 1987 New Brunswick general election, when the governing New Brunswick Tories lost all 39 of their seats.

The Alberta Liberals in this election ran with the tactically fatal slogan, the "rest of Canada can't be wrong"—referring to the popularity of the Liberal Party in the rest of the country. It did not work; they had their seat count cut in half. However, due to the UFA being swept from the legislature, the Liberals wound up as the Official Opposition. The Conservatives lost four of their six seats.

The Socreds' expectations for the election had been so low that they had not even named a formal leader for the campaign. When the newly elected Socred MLAs held their first caucus meeting, the first order of business was to select a leader and premier-designate. The obvious choice was the party's founder and guiding force, Calgary-based Baptist pastor William Aberhart. Persuaded to accept the mantle of leadership, Aberhart was sworn in as premier on September 3.

This provincial election, like the previous two, saw district-level proportional representation (Single transferable voting) used to elect the MLAs of Edmonton and Calgary. City-wide districts were used to elect multiple MLAs in the cities. All the other MLAs were elected in single-member districts through Instant-runoff voting.

The turnout of the 1935 election topped 80%, and no election in Alberta has come close to this mark.

This election campaign is seen as the most negative in Alberta's history, with reports of Social Credit members, operating openly and on Aberhart's directives, defacing the campaign signs of opponents and drowning their speeches by honking car horns. Many campaign ads also focused mostly on attacking the opposing parties.

After the 1935 election results were in, newspapers across North America took notice, with the Boston Herald running the headline "Alberta Goes Crazy!".^[1]

This shift marked the first in Social Credit's nine consecutive election victories, for a total of 36 years in office–one of the longest unbroken runs in government in the Commonwealth. The UFA never recovered from this wipeout defeat, withdrawing from politics altogether in 1937. Many of UFA's erstwhile supporters shifted to supporting the CCF, whose full name "CCF (Farmer-Labour-Socialist)" indicates how it was a merging of UFA and other previous farmer and labor parties.

Results

Overall voter turnout was 81.8%, the highest in Alberta history.^[2]

Members elected

For complete electoral history, see individual districts

References

Further reading

Party platforms

• Alberta's Provincial Liberal Leader (PDF). Liberal Party of Alberta. 1935.
• Aberhart, William (1935). Social Credit Manual: Social Credit as Applied to the Province of Alberta (PDF). Social Credit Party of Alberta. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
• Reid, R.G. (1935). Manifesto of the Alberta Government (PDF). United Farmers of Alberta. Retrieved September 28, 2021.

See also

• List of Alberta political parties