2018 United States Senate election in California

November 6, 2018
Turnout56.42% Increase
 
Candidate Dianne Feinstein Kevin de León
Party Democratic Democratic
Popular vote 6,019,422 5,093,942
Percentage 54.16% 45.84%

Feinstein:      50–60%      60–70%
de León:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Dianne Feinstein
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Dianne Feinstein
Democratic

The 2018 United States Senate election in California took place on November 6, 2018, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent California, concurrently with other elections to the United States Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various state and local elections.

Under California's non-partisan blanket primary law, all candidates appear on the same ballot, regardless of party. In the primary, voters may vote for any candidate, regardless of their party affiliation. In the California system, the top two finishers — regardless of party — advance to the general election in November, even if a candidate receives a majority of the votes cast in the primary election. Washington and Louisiana have similar "jungle primary" style processes for U.S. Senate elections, as does Mississippi for U.S. Senate special elections.

The candidate filing deadline was March 8, 2018, and the primary election was held on June 5, 2018.[1]

Democratic incumbent Dianne Feinstein won re-election in 2012 with 63% of the vote, taking the record for the most popular votes in any U.S. Senate election in history, with 7.86 million votes.[2] Feinstein, at the time, was the ranking member of the Senate Judiciary Committee. She turned 85 years old in 2018, leading some to speculate that she would retire in January 2019,[3][4] as her long-time colleague Barbara Boxer did in January 2017. However, Feinstein ran for reelection to her fifth full term, winning 44.2% of the vote in the top-two primary; she faced Democratic challenger Kevin de León in the general election, who won 12.1% of the primary vote.[5] For the second time since direct elections to the Senate began after the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, no Republican appeared on the general election ballot for U.S. Senate in California. The highest Republican finisher in the primary won only 8.3 percent of the vote, and the 10 Republicans only won 31.2 percent of the vote among them.

In the general election, Feinstein defeated de León by an eight-point margin, 54% to 46%. This was not only Feinstein's closest election since 1994, but also her last run for elected office as she died in office in September 2023. [6]

Candidates

Democratic Party

Declared

Withdrawn

Declined

Republican Party

Declared

  • Arun K. Bhumitra, businessman[10]
  • James P. Bradley, businessman[26]
  • Jack Crew, bus driver[26]
  • Erin Cruz, published author[27]
  • Rocky De La Fuente, entrepreneur and perennial candidate[28]
  • Jerry Joseph Laws, candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2016[26]
  • Patrick Little, neo-Nazi and Holocaust denier[29] (Denounced by California Republican Party)
  • Kevin Mottus, candidate for the U.S Senate in 2016[10]
  • Mario Nabliba, scientist[10]
  • Tom Palzer, activist, retired city planner and candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2016[26]
  • Paul Allen Taylor, businessman[30]

Withdrawn

Declined

Libertarian Party

Declared

  • Derrick Michael Reid, retired attorney and engineer and candidate for president in 2016[44]

Green Party

Declared

  • Michael V. Ziesing (write-in)[45]

Peace and Freedom Party

Declared

  • John Thompson Parker[26]

No party preference

Declared

Withdrawn

Notes

  1. 1 2 No ballot access: Constitution Party and Socialist Equality Party. Don J. Grundmann (C) and David Moore (SEP) appear on ballot as "No party preference".[26]

Primary election

Endorsements

Dianne Feinstein (D)
Former U.S. President
Former U.S. Vice President
U.S. Senators
U.S. Representatives
State-level officials
Local-level officials
Organizations
Newspapers
Kevin de León (D)
Individuals
  • Tom Steyer, billionaire, hedge fund manager, philanthropist, environmentalist, liberal activist, and fundraiser[80]
U.S. Representatives
State-level officials
Local-level officials
Organizations
Pat Harris (D)
Organizations
  • Tri-Valley Democratic Club
  • F.U.N Progressives
Individuals
Alison Hartson (D)
Individuals
Organizations
  • Justice Democrats[98]
  • Demand Universal Healthcare
  • Our Revolution San Joaquin County
  • Our Revolution Lake County
  • Our Revolution West Marin
  • ProgressivesUnite
  • California for Bernie 2020
  • The Young Turks[99]
David Hildebrand (D)
Local-level officials
  • Gayle McLaughlin, former Mayor of Richmond, Candidate for Lieutenant Governor[100]
  • Jovanka Beckles, former Richmond City Council member, Candidate for State Assembly - District 15[101]
  • Noah Phillips, Deputy District Attorney for Sacramento County, candidate for Sacramento County District Attorney[101]
  • Porsche Middleton, Citrus Heights Planning Commissioner, candidate for Citrus Heights City Council[101]
  • Vinnie Bacon, Vice Mayor of Fremont, Fremont City Council member[101]
Professionals
  • Stephen Jaffe, Employment Attorney, candidate for U.S. Congress[101]
  • Michael Bracamontes, Civil Rights Attorney, former candidate for California Governor[101]
  • Stephen Seager, Mental Health Expert, Author, Documentary Filmmaker[101]
  • Kevin Murray, Professor of Politics, Humboldt State University[101]
Organizations
  • Candidates with a Contract[102]
  • Wellstone Progressive Democrats of Sacramento - Our Revolution[101]
  • Courageous Resistance of Humboldt - Our Revolution[101]
  • Our Revolution West Marin[101]
  • Yolo County Progressives - Our Revolution[101]
  • Feel the Bern Democratic Club of Los Angeles[101]
  • Labor Campaign for Single Payer[101]
  • Not Me Us - We are the Revolution[101]
  • Bernie Sanders Megagroup 2020[101]
  • Ventura County Activists for Bernie Sanders 2020 #OurRevolution[101]
  • Stanislaus County for Bernie 2020[101]
  • The People's News[101]
James Bradley (R)
Erin Cruz (R)
Individuals
Organizations
Patrick Little (R)
Politicians
  • David Duke, white nationalist and former Louisiana State Representative[110]
Derrick Michael Reid (L)
Organizations
John Thompson Parker (PFP)

Fundraising

Campaign finance reports as of May 16, 2018
Candidate Total receipts Total disbursements Cash on hand
Dianne Feinstein (D) $9,953,612 $5,342,658 $7,035,307
Kevin de León (D) $1,135,538 $441,847 $693,689
Pat Harris (D) $703,982 $650,225 $51,017
Alison Hartson (D) $298,296 $189,652 $108,643
Arun K. Bhumitra (R) $53,668 $40,835 $12,832
David Hildebrand (D) $27,111 $25,816 $1,294
Erin Cruz (R) $26,442 $23,190 $3,251
Douglas Howard Pierce (D) $9,000 $62,392 $11,200
Paul Allen Taylor (R) $9,128 $8,803 $324
Tom Palzer (R) $0 $45 $45
David Moore (SEP) $3,480 $3,480 $0
Source: Federal Election Commission[114]

Polling

Poll source Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
James P.
Bradley
(R)
Erin
Cruz
(R)
Pat
Harris
(D)
Rocky De
La Fuente
(R)
Kevin
de León
(D)
Dianne
Feinstein
(D)
Alison
Hartson
(D)
Patrick
Little
(R)
Other /
Undecided
UC Berkeley May 22−28, 2018 2,106 ± 3.5% 7% 11% 36% 46%[115]
Emerson College Archived June 7, 2018, at the Wayback Machine May 21–24, 2018 600 ± 4.2% 5% 6% 4% 6% 38% 4% 38%[116]
YouGov May 12–24, 2018 1,113 ± 4.0% 6% 2% 2% 4% 11% 36% 1% 1% 37%[117]
SurveyUSA May 21, 2018 678 ± 6.1% 9% 2% 2% 3% 11% 36% 1% 0% 35%[118]
Public Policy Institute of California May 11–20, 2018 901 ± 4.1% 17% 41% 41%[119]
USC Dornsife/Los Angeles Times April 18 – May 18, 2018 517 ± 4.0% 3% 1% 2% 0% 7% 31% 1% 2% 51%[120]
Gravis Marketing May 4–5, 2018 525 ± 4.3% 19% 13% 8% 32% 6% 21%[121]
SurveyUSA April 19–23, 2018 520 ± 5.5% 8% 8% 38% 4% 18% 23%[122]
UC Berkeley April 16–22, 2018 1,738 ± 3.5% 10% 11% 28% 49%[123]
Public Policy Institute of California March 4–13, 2018 1,706 ± 3.4% 16% 42% 41%[124]
Public Policy Institute of California January 21–30, 2018 1,705 ± 3.2% 17% 46% 36%[125]
UC Berkeley December 7–16, 2017 672 ± 3.8% 27% 41% 32%[126]
Public Policy Institute of California November 10–19, 2017 1,070 ± 4.3% 21% 45% 34%[127]
Sextant Strategies & Research Archived November 7, 2017, at the Wayback Machine September 2017 1,197 ± 3.4% 15% 38% 46%[128]
Hypothetical polling
with Timothy Charles Kalemkarian, Caren Lancona, John Melendez, and Stephen Schrader
Poll source Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Kevin
de León
(D)
Dianne
Feinstein
(D)
Timothy
Charles
Kalemkarian
(R)
Caren
Lancona
(R)
Patrick
Little
(R)
John
Melendez
(D)
Stephen
Schrader
(R)
Other /
Undecided
SurveyUSA March 22–25, 2018 517 ± 5.0% 5% 31% 5% 2% 5% 5% 7% 42%[129]
SurveyUSA January 7–9, 2018 506 ± 4.4% 4% 34% 6% 5% 5% 2% 5% 38%[130]
with Tom Steyer
Poll
source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Kevin
de León
(D)
Dianne
Feinstein
(D)
Timothy
Charles
Kalemkarian
(R)
Caren
Lancona
(R)
Patrick
Little
(R)
Tom
Steyer
(D)
Other /
Undecided
SurveyUSA January–9, 2018 506 ± 4.4% 3% 29% 5% 5% 5% 5% 46%[131]
with John Cox
Poll
source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
John
Cox (R)
Kevin
de León (D)
Dianne
Feinstein (D)
Undecided
Sextant Strategies & Research Archived November 7, 2017, at the Wayback Machine September 2017 1,197 ± 3.4% 32% 14% 40% 14%
with Xavier Becerra, Kevin Faulconer, Brad Sherman, Eric Swalwell, and Ashley Swearingin
Poll source Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Xavier
Becerra (D)
Kevin
de León (D)
Kevin
Faulconer (R)
Brad
Sherman (D)
Eric
Swalwell (D)
Ashley
Swearingin (R)
Undecided
Public Policy Polling January 17–18, 2017 882 ± 3.3% 21% 4% 18% 11% 5% 13% 28%

Results

Primary results by county
  Feinstein
  •   10–20%
  •   20–30%
  •   30–40%
  •   40–50%
  •   50–60%
  •   60–70%
  Feinstein/Bradley tie
  •   10–20%
Nonpartisan blanket primary results[5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Dianne Feinstein (incumbent) 2,947,035 44.12%
Democratic Kevin de León 805,446 12.07%
Republican James P. Bradley 556,252 8.34%
Republican Arun K. Bhumitra 350,815 5.26%
Republican Paul A. Taylor 323,533 4.85%
Republican Erin Cruz 267,494 4.01%
Republican Tom Palzer 205,183 3.08%
Democratic Alison Hartson 147,061 2.21%
Republican Rocky De La Fuente 135,278 2.03%
Democratic Pat Harris 126,947 1.90%
Republican John "Jack" Crew 93,806 1.41%
Republican Patrick Little 89,867 1.35%
Republican Kevin Mottus 87,646 1.31%
Republican Jerry Joseph Laws 67,140 1.01%
Libertarian Derrick Michael Reid 59,999 0.90%
Democratic Adrienne Nicole Edwards 56,172 0.84%
Democratic Douglas Howard Pierce 42,671 0.64%
Republican Mario Nabliba 39,209 0.59%
Democratic David Hildebrand 30,305 0.45%
Democratic Donnie O. Turner 30,101 0.45%
Democratic Herbert G. Peters 27,468 0.41%
No party preference David Moore 24,614 0.37%
No party preference Ling Ling Shi 23,506 0.35%
Peace and Freedom John Thompson Parker 22,825 0.34%
No party preference Lee Olson 20,393 0.31%
Democratic Gerald Plummer 18,234 0.27%
No party preference Jason M. Hanania 18,171 0.27%
No party preference Don J. Grundmann 15,125 0.23%
No party preference Colleen Shea Fernald 13,536 0.20%
No party preference Rash Bihari Ghosh 12,557 0.19%
No party preference Tim Gildersleeve 8,482 0.13%
No party preference Michael Fahmy Girgis 2,986 0.05%
Green Michael V. Ziesing (write-in) 842 0.01%
No party preference Ursula M. Schilling (write-in) 17 0.00%
Democratic Seelam Prabhakar Reddy (write-in) 4 0.00%
Total votes 6,670,720 100.00%

Democratic candidates won a combined total of 4,231,444, Republican candidates 2,216,223 votes, and other candidates 223,053 votes.

General election

Debates

Endorsements

Dianne Feinstein (D)
Former Executive Branch officials
U.S. Senators
U.S. Representatives
State-level officials
Local-level officials
Organizations
Newspapers
Kevin de León (D)
Individuals
  • Tom Steyer, billionaire, hedge fund manager, philanthropist, environmentalist, liberal activist, and fundraiser[80]
U.S. Representatives
State-level officials
Local-level officials
Organizations

Fundraising

Campaign finance reports as of October 19, 2018
Candidate Total receipts Total disbursements Cash on hand
Dianne Feinstein (D) $21,100,086.64 $17,896,407.61 $4,069,222.18
Kevin de León (D) $1,572,160.70 $1,263,113.97 $309,045.58
Source: Federal Election Commission[114]

Predictions

Because of California's top-two runoff system, the seat was guaranteed to be won/held by a Democrat since the initial primary produced two Democratic candidates.

Source Ranking As of
The Cook Political Report[136] Solid D (Feinstein) September 28, 2018
Inside Elections[137] Solid D (Feinstein) November 14, 2017
Sabato's Crystal Ball[138] Safe D (Feinstein) November 15, 2017
Daily Kos[139] Safe D (Feinstein) April 9, 2018
Fox News[140] Likely D (Feinstein)[lower-alpha 1] July 9, 2018
CNN[141] Solid D (Feinstein) July 12, 2018
RealClearPolitics[142] Safe D (Feinstein) June 27, 2018
FiveThirtyEight[143] Solid D (Feinstein) October 20, 2018
  1. Highest rating given

Polling

Poll source Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Dianne
Feinstein (D)
Kevin
de León (D)
None Other Undecided
Change Research November 2–4, 2018 1,108 42% 32%
Research Co. November 1–3, 2018 450 ± 4.6% 47% 28% 25%
SurveyUSA November 1–2, 2018 806 ± 4.7% 50% 36% 14%
Probolsky Research October 25–30, 2018 900 ± 3.3% 41% 35% 24%
UC Berkeley October 19–25, 2018 1,339 ± 4.0% 45% 36% 19%
YouGov October 10–24, 2018 2,178 ± 3.1% 36% 29% 19% 16%
Public Policy Institute of California October 12–21, 2018 989 ± 4.2% 43% 27% 23% 8%
Emerson College October 17–19, 2018 671 ± 4.1% 41% 23% 37%
SurveyUSA October 12–14, 2018 762 ± 4.9% 40% 26% 35%
USC Dornsife/Los Angeles Times September 17 – October 14, 2018 794 LV ± 4.0% 44% 31% 25%
980 RV ± 4.0% 41% 30% 29%
1st Tuesday Campaigns October 1–3, 2018 1,038 ± 3.0% 43% 30% 27%
Vox Populi Polling September 16–18, 2018 500 ± 4.4% 55% 45%
Public Policy Institute of California September 9–18, 2018 964 ± 4.8% 40% 29% 23% 8%
Ipsos Archived September 20, 2018, at the Wayback Machine September 5–14, 2018 1,021 ± 4.0% 44% 24% 17% 15%
Probolsky Research (R) August 29 – September 2, 2018 900 ± 5.8% 37% 29% 34%
Public Policy Institute of California July 8–17, 2018 1,020 ± 4.3% 46% 24% 20% 9%
SurveyUSA June 26–27, 2018 559 ± 5.9% 46% 24% 31%
USC Dornsife/Los Angeles Times June 6–17, 2018 767 ± 4.0% 36% 18% 46%
Probolsky Research (R) April 16–18, 2018 900 ± 3.3% 38% 27% 35%
USC Dornsife/Los Angeles Times October 27 – November 6, 2017 1,296 ± 4.0% 58% 31% 31% 10%
Sextant Strategies & Research Archived November 7, 2017, at the Wayback Machine September 2017 1,554 36% 17% 28% 19%
Hypothetical polling
with Feinstein, de León, and Tom Steyer
Poll source Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Kevin
de León (D)
Dianne
Feinstein (D)
Tom
Steyer (D)
Not
voting
Other
USC Dornsife/Los Angeles Times October 27 – November 6, 2017 949 ± 4.0% 24% 50% 17% 31% 9%
with Feinstein, de León, and John Cox
Poll source Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
John
Cox (R)
Kevin
de León (D)
Dianne
Feinstein (D)
Undecided
Sextant Strategies & Research Archived November 7, 2017, at the Wayback Machine September 2017 1,197 ± 3.4% 30% 15% 38% 17%

Results

United States Senate election in California, 2018
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Dianne Feinstein (incumbent) 6,019,422 54.16% -8.36%
Democratic Kevin de León 5,093,942 45.84% N/A
Total votes 11,113,364 100.00% N/A
Democratic hold

The race had an undervote of around 1.3 million votes compared to the gubernatorial election, likely by Republican voters choosing neither candidate. De León won many of the same counties and congressional districts won by Republican gubernatorial nominee John Cox, as many voters may have expressed opposition to the incumbent senator. No county voted for both Feinstein and Cox. Congressional districts 39, 45, and 48 were the only congressional districts that voted for both Feinstein and Cox.[144][145]

Results by county

Results by county. Blue represents counties won by Feinstein. Cyan represents counties won by de León.[146]

CountyFeinstein #Feinstein %de León #de León %Total
Alameda318,37758.4226,95041.6545,327
Alpine26748.828051.2547
Amador5,83541.48,24458.614,079
Butte32,41842.943,10857.175,526
Calaveras7,03140.410,35759.617,388
Colusa1,64335.13,03964.94,682
Contra Costa222,34958.3158,74841.7381,097
Del Norte2,59037.84,25462.26,844
El Dorado33,77246.538,79153.572,563
Fresno103,49147.7113,55752.3217,048
Glenn2,34134.84,38865.26,729
Humboldt21,33644.826,31955.247,655
Imperial13,12143.317,15056.730,271
Inyo2,34439.93,53260.15,876
Kern66,62840.099,98160.0166,609
Kings9,59937.915,74862.125,347
Lake8,14244.110,31755.918,459
Lassen2,03029.84,78870.26,818
Los Angeles1,565,16757.71,146,04442.32,711,211
Madera13,28441.119,03258.932,316
Marin80,31965.342,63834.7122,957
Mariposa2,74941.13,93958.96,688
Mendocino15,11349.315,52950.730,642
Merced23,65945.827,98554.251,644
Modoc75128.71,86771.32,618
Mono2,00147.72,19752.34,198
Monterey56,32052.750,56247.3106,882
Napa27,90454.523,29045.551,194
Nevada22,19848.123,91151.946,109
Orange501,67854.4420,81445.6922,492
Placer66,57846.576,73353.5143,311
Plumas2,81538.94,42861.17,243
Riverside269,56749.2278,40950.8547,976
Sacramento241,57153.0213,94947.0455,520
San Benito8,60747.99,37152.117,978
San Bernardino233,10350.0233,36050.0466,463
San Diego526,62852.9468,56447.1995,192
San Francisco226,16764.2125,95435.8352,121
San Joaquin79,08846.192,35153.9171,439
San Luis Obispo53,24249.654,02750.4107,269
San Mateo168,67963.099,13637.0267,815
Santa Barbara75,27455.161,21744.9136,491
Santa Clara339,86659.8228,64240.2568,508
Santa Cruz64,17857.547,41642.5111,594
Shasta19,39734.936,22765.155,624
Sierra50638.580861.51,314
Siskiyou5,77239.38,93060.714,702
Solano70,17452.962,50647.1132,680
Sonoma108,47256.085,22044.0193,692
Stanislaus58,37542.977,72457.1136,099
Sutter10,50142.614,16657.424,667
Tehama5,43532.611,25367.416,688
Trinity1,74638.12,83861.94,584
Tulare33,00539.949,76560.182,770
Tuolumne7,78340.811,27159.219,054
Ventura137,14151.3130,10148.7267,242
Yolo35,07151.932,55148.167,622
Yuba6,22439.29,66660.815,890
Totals6,019,42254.25,093,94245.811,113,364

By congressional district

Feinstein won 39 of the 53 congressional districts. De Leon won 14, including seven held by Republicans and seven held by Democrats.[147]

District De Leon Feinstein Representative
1st 59.86% 40.14% Doug LaMalfa
2nd 43.41% 56.59% Jared Huffman
3rd 52.8% 47.2% John Garamendi
4th 54.69% 45.31% Tom McClintock
5th 43.66% 56.34% Mike Thompson
6th 43.43% 56.57% Doris Matsui
7th 49.26% 50.74% Ami Bera
8th 54.29% 45.71% Paul Cook
9th 51.19% 48.81% Jerry McNerney
10th 56.92% 43.08% Josh Harder
11th 40.42% 59.58% Mark DeSaulnier
12th 36.03% 63.97% Nancy Pelosi
13th 41.1% 58.9% Barbara Lee
14th 36.5% 63.5% Jackie Speier
15th 42.69% 57.31% Eric Swalwell
16th 51.9% 48.1% Jim Costa
17th 39.71% 60.29% Ro Khanna
18th 39.09% 60.91% Anna Eshoo
19th 41.63% 58.37% Zoe Lofgren
20th 45.79% 54.21% Jimmy Panetta
21st 56.99% 43.01% TJ Cox
22nd 55.71% 44.29% Devin Nunes
23rd 60.29% 39.71% Kevin McCarthy
24th 52.73% 47.27% Salud Carbajal
25th 50.33% 49.67% Katie Hill
26th 47.93% 52.07% Julia Brownley
27th 39.85% 60.15% Judy Chu
28th 41.56% 58.44% Adam Schiff
29th 44.98% 55.02% Tony Cárdenas
30th 37.92% 62.08% Brad Sherman
31st 48.83% 51.17% Pete Aguilar
32nd 46.78% 53.22% Grace Napolitano
33rd 37.59% 62.41% Ted Lieu
34th 48.02% 51.98% Jimmy Gomez
35th 47.85% 52.15% Norma Torres
36th 51.66% 48.34% Raul Ruiz
37th 35.83% 64.17% Karen Bass
38th 46.28% 53.72% Linda Sánchez
39th 44.47% 55.53% Gil Cisneros
40th 48.89% 51.11% Lucille Roybal-Allard
41st 48.06% 51.94% Mark Takano
42nd 52.14% 47.86% Ken Calvert
43rd 37.57% 62.43% Maxine Waters
44th 42.84% 57.16% Nanette Barragán
45th 45.71% 54.29% Katie Porter
46th 47.19% 52.81% Lou Correa
47th 44.69% 55.31% Alan Lowenthal
48th 44.87% 55.13% Harley Rouda
49th 46.81% 53.19% Mike Levin
50th 52.07% 47.93% Duncan Hunter
51st 51.56% 48.44% Juan Vargas
52nd 43.69% 56.31% Scott Peters
53rd 45.09% 54.91% Susan Davis

References

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  2. Charles Mahtesian (November 26, 2012). "Feinstein's record: 7.3 million votes". Politico. Politico. Retrieved December 16, 2012.
  3. "Essential Politics: State Senate committee moves to assist immigrants, what California's members of Congress are saying about Trump's executive order". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  4. Mehta, Seema (January 17, 2017). "What will Feinstein do? California Democrats await senator's re-election decision to plot their own futures". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  5. 1 2 "Statement of Vote" (PDF). Retrieved July 15, 2018.
  6. LeBlanc, Clare Foran,Paul (September 29, 2023). "Dianne Feinstein, longest-serving female US senator in history, dies at 90 | CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved November 7, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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  8. Bowman, Bridget (October 15, 2017). "De Leon to Challenge Feinstein in California Senate Race". Retrieved January 20, 2018 via www.RollCall.com.
  9. Shelbourne, Mallory (October 15, 2017). "Calif. Dem announces Feinstein challenge". The Hill. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
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  12. "California 2017 General Election". www.thegreenpapers.com.
  13. "Harris, Eugene Patterson - Candidate overview". FEC.gov.
  14. Krieg, Gregory. "'Justice Democrats' launch new California Senate candidate". CNN.
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  115. Paul Taylor (R) 4%, Other Republicans 9%, Other Democrats 6%, All other candidates 2%, Undecided 25%
  116. Other 6%, Undecided 32%
  117. Paul Taylor (R) with 2%; Adrienne Nicole Edwards (D), David Hildebrand (D), Herbert Peters (D), Douglas Howard Pierce (D), Arun Bhumitra (R), Jack Crew (R), Kevin Mottus (R), Mario Nabliba (R), Tom Palzer (R), Derrick Michael Reid (L), Ling Ling Shi (NPP), none of the above with 1%; all other candidates 0%; Undecided with 23%
  118. Arun Bhumitra (R) 4%; Jack Crew (R) 3%; Adrienne Nicole Edwards (D), Don J. Grundmann (C), Kevin Mottus (R), Tom Palzer (R), Douglas Howard Pierce (D), Derrick Michael Reid (L), and Paul Taylor (R) with 1%; Colleen Shea Fernald (NPP), Rash Ghosh (NPP), Tim Gildersleeve (NPP), Michael Fahmy Girgis (NPP), Jason Hanania (NPP), David Hildebrand (D), Jerry Laws (R), David Moore (SEP), Mario Nabliba (R), Lee W. Olson (NPP), John Thompson Parker (PFP), Herbert Peters (D), Gerald Plummer (D), Ling Ling Shi (NPP), Donnie Turner (D) with 0%; Undecided with 21%
  119. Other with 5%, Undecided with 36%
  120. Herbert Peters (D), Douglas Howard Pierce (D), Donnie Turner (D), Derrick Michael Reid (L), John Thompson Parker (PFP), Arun Bhumitra (R), Jerry Laws (R), Mario Nabliba (R), Paul Taylor (R), and David Moore (SEP) with 1%; Adrienne Nicole Edwards (D), David Hildebrand (D), Gerald Plummer (D), Jack Crew (R), Kevin Mottus (R), Tom Palzer (R), Colleen Shea Fernald (NPP), Rash Ghosh (NPP), Tim Gildersleeve (NPP), Michael Fahmy Girgis (NPP), Don J. Grundmann (C), Jason Hanania (NPP), Lee W. Olson (NPP), and Ling Ling Shi (NPP) with 0%; Other 0%; Not voting 0%; Undecided with 41%
  121. John Melendez* (D) 3%, David Hildebrand (D) 2%, Undecided 16%. *Withdrawn
  122. John Melendez* (D) 4%, Other 2%, Undecided 17%. *Withdrawn.
  123. Other Republicans 8%, Other non-Republicans 6%, Undecided 35%
  124. Other with 2, Undecided with 39%
  125. Other with 3%, Undecided with 33%
  126. Other/Undecided with 32%
  127. Other with 1%, Undecided with 33%
  128. Not voting with 29%, Undecided with 17%
  129. Alison Hartson (D) with 3%David Hildebrand (D) 2%; Donald Adams (R), Jerry Leon Carroll (NPP), Pat Harris (D), Richard Mead (NPP), Douglas Howard Pierce (D), Steve Stokes (D), and Michael Ziesing (G, write-in) with 1%; Clifton Roberts (H) 0%; Other with 1%; Undecided with 29%
  130. Alison Hartson (D) with 3%; Pat Harris (D), David Hildebrand (D), Clifton Roberts (H), Steve Stokes (D), and Michael Ziesing (G, write-in) with 1%; Donald Adams (R), Jerry Leon Carroll (NPP), Michael Eisen (NPP), Tim Gildersleeve (NPP), Charles Junior Hodge (NPP), Richard Mead (NPP), and Douglas Howard Pierce with 0%; Undecided with 30%
  131. Stephen Schrader (R) 4%; Pat Harris (D), Alison Hartson (D), John Melendez (D), and Michael Ziesing (G, write-in) with 2%; David Hildebrand (D) and Steve Stokes (D) with 1%; Donald Adams (R), Jery Leon Carroll (NPP), Michael Eisen (NPP), Tim Gildersleeve, Charles Junior Hodge (NPP), Richard Mead (NPP), Douglas Howard Pierce (D), and Clifton Roberts (H) with 0%; Undecided with 30%
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