Brigitte Gabriel
بريجيت غابرييل‎
Gabriel speaking at a conference in Twin Falls, Idaho, 2016
Born
Hanan Qahwaji

(1964-10-21) October 21, 1964
Marjayoun, Lebanon
Other namesNour Semaan (pen name)[1]
CitizenshipUnited States
Occupations
  • Activist
  • author
  • journalist
  • lecturer
Years active1986–present
OrganizationACT for America
Spouse
Charles Tudor
​
(m. 1989)​
Websiteactforamerica.org

Brigitte Gabriel (Arabic: بريجيت غابرييل; born Hanan Qahwaji,[2] 21 October 1964) is a Lebanese-American conservative activist, author and lecturer, and critic of Islam.[3][4][5][6] She is the founder of ACT for America, which has been described as "the largest grassroots anti-Muslim group" in the United States.[7]

Early life

Lebanese Civil War

Gabriel was born on 21 October 1964 to a family of Maronite Christians in the Marjeyoun District of Lebanon.[8] She says that during the Lebanese Civil War, Muslim militants launched an assault on a Lebanese military base near her family's house and destroyed her home. Gabriel, who was ten years old at the time, suffered shrapnel injuries in the attack.[1][9] For the next seven years, she and her parents were forced to live underground in an 8-by-10-foot (2.4 by 3.0 m) bomb shelter with only a small kerosene heater, no sanitary systems, no electricity or running water, and little food.[10] Gabriel also stated that she had to crawl in a roadside ditch to evade Muslim snipers on her way to collect water from a nearby spring.[10][11]

In the spring of 1978, a bomb explosion caused Gabriel and her parents to become trapped in their shelter for two days.[12][13] They were eventually rescued by three Christian militiamen,[14] one of whom had befriended Gabriel before being killed by a landmine.[15]

Gabriel wrote that in 1978, a stranger warned her family of an impending attack by Muslim insurgents on the Christian populace in her area. However, the attack was thwarted by the Israeli invasion of Lebanon. Later, her mother was seriously injured in an attack and subsequently taken for treatment at a hospital in Israel. During this period, Gabriel's views on the Israelis changed as she began to question Lebanon's anti-Israel propaganda that she had witnessed as a child.[10][16][17][18]

Education and controversy

After graduating from high school, Gabriel completed a one-year course in business administration at a YWCA in 1984.[19]

Multiple facts surrounding Gabriel's upbringing and autobiography have been disputed, with American author Dave Gaubatz calling her account of growing up in Lebanon as "dramatically fabricated.”[20]

Career

Using the pseudonym Nour Semaan,[2] Gabriel was a news anchor for World News, an Arabic-language evening news broadcast of Middle East Television, which "was then run by Pat Robertson's Christian Broadcasting Network to spread his politically conservative, Pentecostal faith in the Middle East."[1] The broadcasts covered Israel, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon. Gabriel reported on the withdrawal of Israeli troops from central Lebanon and the "Security Zone" in southern Lebanon, as well as the First Palestinian Intifada. She then moved to Israel[21][22] before emigrating to the United States in 1989.

In February 2017, Gabriel said that she provided a "national security briefing" at the White House.[23] She met with aides at the White House in March 2017, during the Donald Trump administration.[24][25] She has written intermittently for Breitbart News.[26]

ACT for America

Her organization ACT for America has been described as anti-Muslim.[27][28][24][29] According to The New York Times, ACT for America draws "on three rather religious and partisan streams in American politics: evangelical Christian conservatives, hard-line defenders of Israel (both Jews and Christians) and Tea Party Republicans".[1] According to The Washington Post, the organization "touted as its 'first accomplishment' its 2008 campaign to shut down a Minnesota Islamic school."[30]

Views

The Southern Poverty Law Center described ACT! for America as "the largest grassroots anti-Muslim group in the country,"[7][31] and the Council on American–Islamic Relations has described it as "one of the main sources of growing anti-Muslim bigotry in our nation".[32] According to The Guardian, the organization has been "widely identified as anti-Muslim".[32] Gabriel and ACT! have been described as part of the counter-jihad movement.[33][34]

According to Peter Beinart in The Atlantic, "the organization has condemned cities with large Muslim populations for serving halal food in public schools. In 2013, its Houston chapter urged members to 'protest' food companies that certify their meat as compliant with Islamic dietary law. ACT! for America tries to dissuade Jews and Christians from conducting interfaith dialogue with Muslims. And in state after state, it has lobbied state legislatures and school boards to purge textbooks of references that create 'an inaccurate comparison between Islam, Christianity and Judaism.'"[23]

According to Laurie Goodstein of The New York Times, Gabriel "presents a portrait of Islam so thoroughly bent on destruction and domination that it is unrecognizable to those who study or practice the religion."[1] Goodstein says that Gabriel "insists that she is singling out only 'radical Islam' or Muslim 'extremists'—not the vast majority of Muslims or their faith. And yet, in her speeches and her two books, she leaves the opposite impression."[1]

BuzzFeed News described her as "the most influential leader in America's increasingly influential anti-Islam lobby."[35] The Washington Post describes her two books as "alarmist tracts about Islam."[31] Beinart described her as "America's most prominent anti-Muslim activist."[23]

Stephen Lee, a publicist at St. Martin's Press for Gabriel's second book, has called her views "extreme,"[36] and Deborah Solomon of The New York Times Magazine, who interviewed Gabriel in August 2008, described her as a "radical Islamophobe".[37] According to Clark Hoyt from The New York Times, over 250 people wrote in to protest that label in the days that followed.[36] Hussein Ibish, a Senior Resident Scholar at The Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington, said that her "agenda is pure unadulterated hatred" and that she has "a pathological hatred of Muslims and other Arabs".[38] Gabriel disputes the charge, saying that "I have no quarrel with Muslims who wish to practice the spiritual tenets of their religion in peace".[38]

Opinions on Islam

In 2009, Gabriel said that there is a "cancer called Islamofascism" that permeates a Muslim world in which "extreme is mainstream".[39] In June 2014, Gabriel said that "The radicals are estimated to be between 15 to 25 percent" worldwide.[40][41] In an interview with The Australian Jewish News, she stated that "A practising Muslim who upholds the tenets of the Koran—it's not that simple—a practising Muslim who goes to mosque every Friday, prays five times a day, and who believes that the Koran is the word of God, and who believes that Mohammed is the perfect man and [four inaudible words] is a radical Muslim."[42]

When Gabriel was invited to speak as part of a lecture series organized by Duke University's Jewish community in October 2004, many in attendance were angered by her referring to Arabs as "barbarians." The Freeman Centre for Jewish Life at Duke University later apologized for her comments.[21] Following her speech at a women's campaign event for the Jewish Federation of Ottawa (JFO) in November 2008, many in attendance registered their protests, leading Mitchell Bellman, president and CEO of the JFO, to write a letter in which he acknowledged that Gabriel made, "unacceptable gross generalizations of Arabs and Muslims," distancing his organization from her views.[37]

In 2007 at the Christians United for Israel annual conference, Gabriel delivered a speech that included the following:

The difference, my friends, between Israel and the Arab world is the difference between civilization and barbarism. It's the difference between good and evil [applause]... this is what we're witnessing in the Arabic world, They have no soul, they are dead set on killing and destruction. And in the name of something they call "Allah" which is very different from the God we believe... [applause] because our God is the God of love.[43]

In March 2011 while being interviewed by Eliot Spitzer on CNN, Gabriel defended the speech, saying "I was talking about how Palestinian mothers are encouraging their children to go out and blow themselves up to smithereens just to kill Christians and Jews. And it was in that context that I – that I contrasted the difference between Israel and the Arabic world, was the difference between democracy and barbarism."[44]

Arab–Israeli conflict

Regarding the two-state solution, Gabriel stated: "Forcing Israel to accept a two-state solution is not going to work unless the Palestinians first are forced to clean up their act and eliminate hatred from their schoolbooks, teach tolerance to their people, and preach acceptance of Israel and the Jews as a neighbor."[10]

Iran–Israel proxy conflict

In a speech at a conference sponsored by the UN Permanent Mission of Palau and the Aja Eze Foundation, Gabriel said that she viewed Israel as the vanguard in the world's fight against Islamic terrorism, equating Israel's fight against Hamas and Hezbollah with the global fight against the Islamic State.[45]

Raise the voting age

After record youth turnout in the 2022 US midterm election helped avert the expected 'red wave' of Republican wins in state races, Gabriel tweeted, "Raise the voting age to 21." on the social media web site Twitter.[46][47][48][49]

Because They Hate (2006)

Because They Hate: A Survivor of Islamic Terror Warns America is a 2006 book by Gabriel. It describes her childhood experiences in Lebanon and criticizes radical Islamic expression in the Middle East and elsewhere. The book reached number 12 on The New York Times Best Seller list for political books.[50]

After this book, she published another similar book, They Must Be Stopped.[51]

Responses

The book received mixed responses from critics, some feeling that it provided a critical analysis of Islam and a warning to the American people, while others criticized the tone and the distorted view of the author and her description of Islam as a 'horrible religion.'[52][53] It has been described as a counter-jihadist book.[54]

Bibliography

  • Because They Hate: A Survivor of Islamic Terror Warns America, New York City, New York, United States: St. Martin's Press, 2006, ISBN 0-312-35837-7
  • They Must Be Stopped: Why We Must Defeat Radical Islam and How We Can Do It, New York City, New York, United States: St. Martin's Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-312-38363-3

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Goodstein, Laurie (7 March 2011). "Drawing U.S. Crowds With Anti-Islam Message". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 13 March 2019. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
  2. 1 2 "The dark angel Gabriel" (Commentary). NOW News. Mercury Media. 3 November 2011. Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
  3. ↑ Beinart, Peter (15 March 2018). "Mike Pompeo's Allies on the Anti-Muslim Right". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 11 December 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  4. ↑ "Mike Pompeo, Trump's pick to replace Tillerson, has long worried Muslim advocates". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 11 December 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  5. ↑ "Muslim lawmakers call on senators to oppose Pompeo confirmation, citing record". CNN. 12 April 2018. Archived from the original on 11 December 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  6. ↑ Obeidallah, Dean (13 March 2018). "Mike Pompeo's Disturbingly Consistent Friendships with Anti-Muslim Bigots". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on 8 December 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  7. 1 2 "Who is the Real Brigitte Gabriel?". Southern Poverty Law Center. Archived from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  8. ↑ Gabriel 2006, p. 4
  9. ↑ Gabriel 2006, p. 29
  10. 1 2 3 4 Yellin, Deena (25 June 2009). "An inside ally". Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2010.
  11. ↑ Gabriel 2006, p. 44
  12. ↑ Gabriel 2006, pp. 49–50
  13. ↑ Rubin, Debra (7 November 2016). "Lebanese Christian expert on terrorism to help honor her IDF saviors". NJJN. Archived from the original on 8 November 2016.
  14. ↑ Gabriel 2006, p. 51
  15. ↑ Gabriel 2006, p. 67
  16. ↑ "Because They Hate: A Survivor of Islamic Terror Warns America". Heritage Live – Events. The Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on 18 February 2010. Retrieved 9 March 2008. Brigitte Gabriel lost her childhood to militant Islam. – speaker profile from lecture series
  17. ↑ Gabriel 2006, p. 77
  18. ↑ Prof. Livia Bitton-Jackson (2 March 2015). "Brigitte Gabriel: A Remarkable Fighter For Israel". Archived from the original on 16 November 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  19. ↑ Gabriel 2006, p. 95
  20. ↑ Piggott, Stephen Who is the Real Brigitte Gabriel? Southern Poverty Law Center
  21. 1 2 Lamb, Franklin (6–12 March 2008), "Lost from Lebanon", Al-Ahram (887 ed.), Cairo, archived from the original on 6 August 2009, retrieved 10 February 2010
  22. ↑ Young, Michael (11 March 2011). "The Dark angel Gabriel". NOW Lebanon. Archived from the original on 30 January 2013.
  23. 1 2 3 Beinart, Peter. "America's Most Prominent Anti-Muslim Activist Is Welcome at the White House". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  24. 1 2 "Protests by an anti-Islamic alt-right group are moving online after Boston counterprotest". Newsweek. 22 August 2017. Archived from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
  25. ↑ "Despite Earlier Denials, The White House Now Says An Anti-Muslim Leader Had A Meeting There". BuzzFeed. 21 March 2017. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  26. ↑ "Factsheet: Breitbart News". Bridge Initiative. Georgetown University. 10 November 2019.
  27. ↑ "Act for America". Southern Poverty Law Center. Archived from the original on 29 December 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
  28. ↑ "Lavish gala hosted by anti-Muslim group canceled at Mar-a-Lago". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 29 December 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
  29. ↑ "US's largest anti-Muslim group cancels 67 rallies after seeing size of anti-fascist crowd in Boston". The Independent. 22 August 2017. Archived from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
  30. ↑ "How a series of fringe anti-Muslim conspiracy theories went mainstream — via Donald Trump". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 21 March 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  31. 1 2 Tucker, Neely; Tucker, Neely (1 October 2015). "Among Republicans, polls show, fear of Islam is always on 'high simmer'". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  32. 1 2 Beckett, Lois (21 March 2017). "Leader of group widely identified as anti-Muslim meets with White House". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 13 April 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  33. ↑ Perwee, Ed (2020). "Donald Trump, the anti-Muslim far right and the new conservative revolution". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 43 (16): 211–230. doi:10.1080/01419870.2020.1749688. S2CID 218843237.
  34. ↑ Beauchamp, Zack (23 April 2018). "How John Bolton and Mike Pompeo mainstreamed Islamophobia". Vox.
  35. ↑ "Brigitte Gabriel Wants You To Fight Islam". BuzzFeed. Archived from the original on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  36. 1 2 Hoyt, Clark (21 August 2008). "A Radical Islamophobe?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2010.
  37. 1 2 Sucharov, Mira (18 December 2009). "Use the anti-Semitism test". Jewish Independent. Archived from the original on 19 October 2010.
  38. 1 2 "Anti-Islamic groups go mainstream". Politico. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  39. ↑ "Trump's security picks deepen Muslim worries about an anti-Islamic White House". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 4 May 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  40. ↑ LaCasse, Alexander (13 January 2015). "How many Muslim extremists are there? Just the facts, please". Christian Science Monitor. ISSN 0882-7729. Archived from the original on 2 February 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  41. ↑ Byers, Dylan (17 June 2014). "Dana Milbank's Heritage disaster". On Media, where politics meets press. Politico.com. Archived from the original on 4 January 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
  42. ↑ "The world according to Brigitte Gabriel (June 6, 2007)". 7 September 2007. Archived from the original on 7 September 2007.
  43. ↑ "Incitement: Brigitte Gabriel Says Arabs 'Have No Souls'". CAIR. 20 August 2007. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  44. ↑ "Brigitte Gabriel's Anti-Islam Message on Radical Muslims". CNN. 8 March 2011. Archived from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 15 June 2011.
  45. ↑ "UN houses, but does not sponsor, anti-Semitism conference". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 24 March 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  46. ↑ "Raise the voting age to 21". Brigitte Gabriel ('Twitter' Profile, Rebranded as 'X'). Archived from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  47. ↑ "Republicans want to raise the voting to age 28". PolitiFact. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  48. ↑ "Some Republicans Want to Raise Voting Age After Gen Z Midterm Turnout". Daily Beast. Archived from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  49. ↑ "Gen Z helped to stop the 'red wave' in the midterms. The Republicans' response? Try to raise the voting age". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  50. ↑ "Hardcover Best Seller List". The New York Times. 17 November 2006. Archived from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  51. ↑ Goodstein, Laurie Drawing U.S. Crowds With Anti-Islam Message Archived 13 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times
  52. ↑ Sucharov, Mira (18 December 2009). "Use the anti-Semitism test". Jewish Independent. Archived from the original on 19 October 2010.
  53. ↑ Tucker, Neely (1 October 2015). "Among Republicans, polls show, fear of Islam is always on 'high simmer'". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  54. ↑ Beauchamp, Zack (13 February 2017). "Trump's counter-jihad". Vox.
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