Apple chat fruit MLO
Common namesapple small fruit, chat fruit of apple
Causal agentsPhytoplasma
Hostsapple trees
DistributionEurope, parts of North America, South Africa, New Zealand
Symptomsdelayed fruit development, smaller green apples during harvest, delayed fruit drop, circular spots on the apples
Treatmentprecautions during grafting

Apple chat fruit MLO, also known as "apple small fruit" and "chat fruit of apple",[1] is a mycoplasma-like organism (MLO)[2] that affects only apple trees, specifically Lord Lambourne and Tydeman's Early Worcester,[3] though in North America, Turley, Winesap, Jonathan, and Golden Delicious can be affected.[4] Symptoms include delayed fruit development, smaller green apples during harvest, delayed fruit drop, and circular spots on the apples themselves.[3][5] The disease is widespread throughout Europe, especially England and Wales, but is also present in parts of North America, South Africa, and New Zealand.[3] There are no known insect vectors and no transmission method other than grafting is known.[4] The disease itself is not fully systemic[3] and virulency is varied among individuals.[4]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Biosecurity Organisms Register for Imported Commodities". Ministry for Primary Industries. 2012-09-22.
  2. ↑ Beakbane, A. Beryl; Mishra, M. D.; Posnette, A. F.; Slater, C. H. W. (1971-02-08). "Mycoplasma-like Organisms Associated with Chat Fruit and Rubbery Wood Diseases of Apple, Malus domestica Borkh., Compared with Those in Strawberry with Green Petal Disease". Journal of General Microbiology. 66: 55–62. doi:10.1099/00221287-66-1-55.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Smith; et al. (1988). European Handbook of Plant Diseases. Blackwell Scientific Publications. p. 118. ISBN 0632012226.
  4. 1 2 3 "Apple Chat Fruit (Mycoplasm)". EPPO Bulletin. 8 (2). June 1978.
  5. ↑ Posnette, A. F.; Cropley, R. (June 1965). "Field experiments with chat-fruit virus disease of apple". Annals of Applied Biology. 55 (3): 439–445. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1965.tb07957.x.
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