Archips xylosteana
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Tortricidae
Genus: Archips
Species:
A. xylosteana
Binomial name
Archips xylosteana
Synonyms
List
  • Archips westriniana
  • Archips characterana
  • Phalaena (Tortrix) xylosteana Linnaeus, 1758
  • Phalaena (Tortrix) characterana Hubner, 1793
  • Phalaena (Tortrix) densana Villers, 1789
  • Phalaena densata Fourcroy, 1785
  • Tortrix gilvana Eversmann, 1842
  • Pyralis hybnerana Fabricius, 1794
  • Pyralis obliquana Fabricius, 1781
  • Cacoecia xylosteana var. pallens Kennel, 1910
  • Archips xylosteana sabrinae Leraut & Luquet, 1996
  • Tortrix westriniana Thunberg & Borgstrom, 1784

Archips xylosteana, the variegated golden tortrix or brown oak tortrix, is a moth of the family Tortricidae.

Distribution

This Palearctic moth is widespread in most of Europe, in Asia (China, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Siberia, Turkey), and in northern Africa (Algeria).[2][3][4]

Habitat

This moth species inhabit woodland and scrub in hilly and mountainous areas. [5][6]

Description

Archips xylosteana is a medium-sized to large moth with a wingspan reaching 14–23 millimetres (0.55–0.91 in).[6] The females are usually slightly larger than the males. The basic color of the fore wings varies from yellow-brown or ocher to pinkish brown, mottled with dark reddish brown markings. Forewings are broad and roughly rectangular. Hind wings are light grayish brown. [4] The design of the wings may appear lightly asymmetric, because at rest one of the wing covers the other[4] and hides part of it. The caterpillar varies from whitish gray to bluish with greenish reflections and have a black head. [4] Meyrick describes it - Forewings with termen sinuate, vertical, costal fold from base to 3/5, irregular ; ochreous more or less fuscous-tinged, paler towards costa ; a transverse dorsal spot near base, central fascia with anterior edge sinuate, costal patch broadly connected with it near costa, a blotch from above tornus sometimes connected with costal patch, and an apical spot dark ferruginous-brown. Hindwings grey, apex sometimes yellowish-tinged. Larva whitish-grey or pale greenish ; head black ;plate of 2 black, anterior edge white.[7] Julius von Kennel provides a full description. [8]

Biology

These moths fly from June to August in one generation.[4][6] They rest during the day in the foliage of trees and shrubs. Their activity begins at dusk. [6] They overwinter on tree trunks and thick boughs.

Caterpillars grow protected in a rolled leaf, perpendicularly to the midrib, from April to June. These larvae are polyphagous, feeding on various shrubs and deciduous trees, [4] mainly oak (Quercus), elm (Ulmus), linden (Tilia), hazel (Corylus), maples (Acer), ash (Fraxinus, firs (Abies), brambles (Rubus), honeysuckle (Lonicera) and St John's worts (Hypericum)). [5] They can also be found on various fruit trees (apple, pear, etc.) [9] and on some herbaceous plants.

Bibliography

  • Linnaeus, C. (1758): Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. 1-824. Holmiae (Laurentius Salvius).
  • Robinson, G. S. & E. Schmidt Nielsen (1983): The Microlepidoptera described by Linnaeus and Clerck. — Systematic Entomology 8: 191-242.

References

  1. ↑ Tortricidae.com
  2. ↑ Funa europaea
  3. ↑ Revision of Tribe Archipini (Tortricidae: Tortricinae) in Northeast China
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 IDtools
  5. 1 2 "Suffolk Moths". Archived from the original on 2018-05-11. Retrieved 2018-05-11.
  6. 1 2 3 4 UK Moths
  7. ↑ Meyrick, E., 1895 A Handbook of British Lepidoptera MacMillan, London pdf Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Keys and description
  8. ↑ Julius von Kennel, 1921, The Palaearktischen Tortriciden, eine monographische Darstellung. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. 742 pp. - Palaearctic Tortricidae, a monograph.pdf at Zobodat 130- 131
  9. ↑ Historische Lepidopteren-Literatur / Schütze (1931)
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