Safi
Safi city
Safi city
Coat of arms of Safi
Coat of arms
Safi is located in Morocco
Safi
Safi
Location in Morocco
Safi is located in Africa
Safi
Safi
Safi (Africa)
Coordinates: 32°17′N 9°14′W / 32.283°N 9.233°W / 32.283; -9.233
Country Morocco
RegionMarrakesh-Safi
ProvinceSafi
Area
 • Total34 km2 (13 sq mi)
Population
 (2014)[1]
 • Total308,508
 • Rank13th in Morocco

Safi or Asfi (Arabic: آسفي, romanized: ʾāsafī; Berber languages: ⴰⵙⴼⵉ, romanized: asfi) is a city in western Morocco on the Atlantic Ocean. It is the capital of Asfi Province. It recorded a population of 308,508 in the 2014 Moroccan census.[1] The city was occupied by the Portuguese Empire from 1488 to 1541, was the center of Morocco's weaving industry, and became a fortaleza of the Portuguese Crown in 1508.[2] Safi is the main fishing port for the country's sardine industry, and also exports phosphates, textiles and ceramics. During the Second World War, Safi was the site of Operation Blackstone, one of the landing sites for Operation Torch.

Etymology

The city's name as it is locally pronounced is "Asfi", which was Latinized as "Safi" and "Safim" under Portuguese rule. "Asfi" means flood or river estuary in Berber and comes from the Berber verbal root "ffey/sfi/sfey" which means to flood, to spill or to pour.[3]

11th-century geographer Al-Idrisi gave an apparently false explanation to the origin the name "Aasafi" as he linked it to the Arabic word "Asaf" (regret); Asafi (my regret). He based this claim on a strange story about some sailors from al-Andalus who sailed to discover the other end of the Atlantic Ocean but got lost and landed on some island where the natives captured them and sent them back on their ships blindfolded. The ships eventually ended on the shores of "Safi" and locals helped the lost sailors and told them that they were two months away from their native land al-Andalus. Upon hearing this one of the sailors responded by saying: "Wa asafi" (Oh my regret). Al-Idrisi wrote that from that time the city carried the name "Aasafi". This story is thought to be a legend and unlikely explanation of the origin of the name.[4]

Climate

Safi has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa).

Climate data for Safi (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 18.4
(65.1)		 19.5
(67.1)		 21.6
(70.9)		 22.1
(71.8)		 23.5
(74.3)		 25.5
(77.9)		 28.6
(83.5)		 28.5
(83.3)		 27.5
(81.5)		 25.2
(77.4)		 22.0
(71.6)		 19.5
(67.1)		 23.5
(74.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 13.0
(55.4)		 14.3
(57.7)		 16.0
(60.8)		 17.0
(62.6)		 18.9
(66.0)		 21.3
(70.3)		 24.0
(75.2)		 24.1
(75.4)		 22.9
(73.2)		 20.4
(68.7)		 17.1
(62.8)		 14.6
(58.3)		 18.6
(65.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 7.6
(45.7)		 9.0
(48.2)		 10.5
(50.9)		 11.9
(53.4)		 14.3
(57.7)		 17.2
(63.0)		 19.4
(66.9)		 19.7
(67.5)		 18.4
(65.1)		 15.7
(60.3)		 12.1
(53.8)		 9.7
(49.5)		 13.8
(56.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 60.7
(2.39)		 51.4
(2.02)		 35.2
(1.39)		 24.0
(0.94)		 10.0
(0.39)		 3.2
(0.13)		 0.6
(0.02)		 0.1
(0.00)		 3.4
(0.13)		 36.5
(1.44)		 69.0
(2.72)		 75.5
(2.97)		 369.6
(14.55)
Average precipitation days 12.4 10.1 9.8 9.5 5.1 1.6 0.4 0.4 1.8 6.5 10.1 12.3 80.0
Mean monthly sunshine hours 219.3 211.7 258.0 284.7 318.8 303.9 320.3 306.2 267.6 246.0 220.3 208.9 3,165.7
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[5]
Source 2: NOAA (precipitation days 1961–1990)[6]

History

Safi, under the name Safim (Zaffim or Asfi), is one of the oldest cities in Morocco. According to historian Mohammed al-Kanuni, Safi must be identified with the ancient Thymiaterium or Carcunticus and was founded by the Carthaginian Hanno during his Periplus as related by Pliny the Elder.[7]

Under the Almohads it functioned as an important port to the capital Marrakesh.

Tajine memorial

The city was under Portuguese rule from 1488 to 1541; it is believed that they abandoned it to the Saadians (who were at war with them), since the city proved difficult to defend from land attacks. The Portuguese fortress built to protect the city is still there today.

After 1541, the city played a major role in Morocco as one of the safest and biggest seaports in the country. Many ambassadors to the Saadian and Alaouite kings during the 16th–18th centuries came to Morocco via Safi; its proximity to Marrakech, then capital of Morocco, helped expand the maritime trade in the city.
Louis De Chénier, consul of the French court in Morocco in 1767, reported that the city was the only usable seaport at the time.

A French Navy captive, Bidé de Maurville, who wrote the account of his stay in Morocco in his 1765 book Relations de l'affaire de Larache, reported the presence of an important number of foreign trading houses in the city : Dutch, Danish, British and French.

After the Sultan Mohammed ben Abdallah built the city of Mogador (modern-day Essaouira), he banned foreign trade in all Moroccan ports except in his newly built city. Consequently, Safi stopped playing a leading role in the Moroccan trade.

Safi's patron saint is Abu Mohammed Salih.

In 1942 as part of Operation Torch, American forces attacked Safi in Operation Blackstone. During November 8-10, 1942 the Americans took control over Safi and its port and took relatively few casualties compared to the other operations at Casablanca and at Port Mehdia.

Population

The inhabitants are composed of Berbers and Arabs descendants.

The Berber origin is related to:

  • The berbers who lived in the region before the foundation of the city.
  • The berbers who came later from the sous plains, south of the region.

The Arab origin is related to two tribes:[8]

  • Abda: They descend from Banu Hilal and have hugtalled in the region in the twelfth century and spawned : Bhatra and Rabiaa.
  • Ahmar: They descend from Maqil.

Safi also used to have a large Jewish community, more than 20% of the population, , many of whom subsequently emigrated to France, Canada and Israel.

Economy

Pottery from Safi

In the early 20th century, the Algerian potter Boujemâa Lamali established a pottery school in Safi, supported by the colonial administration. Since then pottery has been a mainstay of Safi's economy. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic there were 2,000 registered artisans working in the city's 212 workshops, and thousands more unregistered artisans.[9]

Sport

Football and rugby are popular sports in Safi. The local football team Olympic Safi have been competing in Morocco's premier football division, Botola, since 2004.
The Rugby Union team of the same name is one of Morocco's best, having won the "Coupe du Trône" several times. There also is a little Tennis Sport Club with a couple of fields (following the high road, beyond the Colline des Poitiers).

The European Cemetery

There is an abandoned European Cemetery in Safi. Some of the marble decorations have been stolen from the richest tombs, including: Russian, Portuguese, Spanish (e.g. the Do Carmo family), Italian (e.g. the Bormioli family), French (e.g., the Chanel family), German and other European nationals. Some engravings identifying or memorializing the deceased have also been stolen. Although there are 19th century tombs present, most are of pre-independence (1956) 20th century origin.

Notable people

See also

  • People from Safi, Morocco

References

  1. 1 2 "POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014" (in Arabic and French). High Commission for Planning, Morocco. 8 April 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  2. ↑ Newitt, Malyn (November 5, 2004). A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion 1400–1668. Routledge. p. 66. ISBN 9781134553044.
  3. ↑ The Arabic Berber Dictionary by Mohamed Chafik, Morocco - The Arabic verbs أفاض (to flood) and سكب (to spill) and صب (to pour) equal in Berber: "ffey" (intransitive verb) and "sfey" (transitive verb). And the Arabic nouns المسكبة (spilling place) and المصب (estuary, river mouth) equal in Berber: "asfi" and "asafi".
  4. ↑ Arabian American Oil Company, Aramco Services Company, Saudi Aramco (1991). Aramco world, Volumes 42-43. Aramco. p. 12.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  6. ↑ "Safi Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
  7. ↑ Vincent J. Cornell, Realm of the Saint: Power and Authority in Moroccan Sufism, p. 326
  8. ↑ MENNIS, Allal. "Safi ville.com". www.safi-ville.com.
  9. ↑ "Why are Morocco's famed artisans paving roads in the desert?". The Economist. 2021-06-12. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2021-06-13.
  10. ↑ "Mehdi Aissaoui". IMDb. Retrieved Jan 5, 2021.
  11. ↑ "Cabinet approves Meir Ben Shabbat as national security adviser". Ynetnews. Nov 12, 2017. Retrieved Jan 5, 2021.
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