Auster is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Daniel Auster (1893–1963), Mayor of Jerusalem in the final years of the British Mandate of Palestine
• Ellen Auster (born ?), Canadian professor of strategic management
• Lawrence Auster (1949–2013), American traditionalist conservative blogger and essayist
• Lydia Auster (1912–1993), Estonian composer
• Paul Auster (born 1947), American writer and film director
• Sophie Auster (born 1987), American actress and singer