This article is part of a series on the |
Politics of Austria |
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The 1955 Austrian State Treaty ended the four-power occupation and recognized Austria as an independent and sovereign state. In October 1955, the Federal Assembly passed a constitutional law in which "Austria declares of her own free will her perpetual neutrality." The second section of this law stated that "in all future times Austria will not join any military alliances and will not permit the establishment of any foreign military bases on her territory." Since then, Austria has shaped its foreign policy on the basis of neutrality.
In recent years, however, Austria has begun to reassess its definition of neutrality, granting overflight rights for the UN-sanctioned action against Iraq in 1991, and, since 1995, contemplating participation in the EU's evolving security structure. Also in 1995, it joined the Partnership for Peace, and subsequently participated in peacekeeping missions in Bosnia. Discussion of possible Austrian NATO membership intensified during 1996. ÖVP and Team Stronach aim at moving closer to NATO or a European defense arrangement. SPÖ and FPÖ, in turn, believe continued neutrality is the cornerstone of Austria's foreign policy, and a majority of the population generally supports this stance.
In February 2000, Austria's foreign relations underwent controversy when the ÖVP formed a coalition with the FPÖ after the 1999 election. European governments imposed diplomatic sanctions, and the United States recalled its ambassador.[1] Sanctions were lifted in September 2000 after a three-member panel assessed human rights and political life in Austria.[2] In November 2000, the United States and Austria normalized their relations.[3]
Austrian leaders emphasize the unique role the country plays as an East-West hub and as a moderator between industrialized and developing countries. Austria is active in the United Nations and experienced in UN peacekeeping efforts. It attaches great importance to participation in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and other international economic organizations, and it has played an active role in the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE).
Vienna hosts the Secretariat of the OSCE and the headquarters of the International Atomic Energy Agency, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, and the United Nations Drug Control Programme. Other international organizations based in Vienna include the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the Organization for International Economic Relations (OiER) and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis. Recently, Vienna added the preparatory commission for the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization and the Wassenaar Arrangement (a technology-transfer control agency) to the list of international organizations it hosts. Furthermore, the Permanent Secretariat of an international territorial treaty for the sustainable development of the Alps called the Alpine Convention is located in Tyrol's capital Innsbruck.
Austria traditionally has been active in "bridge-building to the east," increasing contacts at all levels with Eastern Europe and the states of the former Soviet Union. Austrians maintain a constant exchange of business representatives, investment, trade, political leaders, students, cultural groups, and tourists with the countries of central and eastern Europe. In addition, the Austrian Government and various Austrian organizations provide assistance and training to support the changes underway in the region.
Bilateral relations
Austria maintains significant bilateral relations with several countries.
Multilateral
Organization | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
European Union | See 1995 enlargement of the European Union
Austria joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995. | |
NATO | See Austria–NATO relations
Austria is not a member of NATO. |
Africa
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Algeria | ||
Angola | 25 October 1977 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 October 1977[4] |
Benin | 1 December 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 1964[5] |
Burkina Faso | ||
Cape Verde | 29 April 1978 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1978[8] |
Comoros | 8 May 2007 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 May 2007[9] |
Republic of Congo | 12 July 1978 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 July 1978 when Austrian Ambassador to Zaire Dr. Erwin Matsch , who has been appointed Ambassador to the People's Republic of Congo, presented his credentials to President Gen. Joachim Yhombi-Opango.[10] |
Cote d'Ivoire | 14 January 1969 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 January 1969[11] |
Djibouti | 18 January 1983 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1983[12] |
Egypt | 1929 | See Austria–Egypt relations
|
Equatorial Guinea | 1 March 1976 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1976[13] |
Ethiopia | 23 July 1948 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 1948[14] |
Gabon | 1 April 1970 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 April 1970[15] |
Guinea-Bissau | 15 October 1976 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 October 1976[16] |
Kenya | 15 December 1964 | See Austria–Kenya relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1964 when established Austrian Embassy in Nairobi.[17]
|
Liberia | 25 June 1963 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1963[18] |
Malawi | 2 December 1965 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 December 1965[19] |
Mauritania |
| |
Morocco |
| |
Namibia | 5 October 1990 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1990[20]
|
Nigeria | 21 December 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 December 1962[21]
|
Sao Tome and Principe | 3 May 1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 May 1993[22] |
Seychelles | 12 January 1977 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 January 1977[23] |
Sierra Leone | 1 March 1975 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1975[24] |
South Africa |
| |
South Sudan | 21 September 2011 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 2011[25] |
Sudan | 24 January 1956 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 January 1956[26] |
Tanzania | 31 August 1966 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 August 1966 when the Austrian Ambassador to Tanzania (resident in Nairobi) , Dr. F. Kudernatsch , presented his credentials to President Nyerere.[27] |
Tunisia |
| |
Uganda | 26 January 1966 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 January 1966 when the Austrian Ambassador to Uganda (resident in Nairobi) , Dr. F. Kudernatsch presented his credentials to the President , Sir Edward Mutesa.[28]
|
Zambia | 18 March 1965 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 March 1965 when accredited first Ambassador of Austria to Zambia (resident in Nairobi) Dr. Friedrich Kudernatsch[29] |
Americas
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Argentina | 1864 | See Argentina–Austria relations
|
Bahamas | 23 October 1978 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 October 1978[30] |
Belize | 1989 |
|
Bolivia | 27 October 1903 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 October 1903.[31]
|
Brazil | See Austria–Brazil relations | |
Canada | 9 August 1952 | See Austria–Canada relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 August 1952[32]
|
Chile | 1846 | See Austria–Chile relations
|
Colombia | 1920 | see Austria–Colombia relations
|
Cuba |
| |
Dominica |
| |
El Salvador |
| |
Grenada | 3 November 1978 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 November 1978[33]
|
Haiti |
| |
Honduras | 20 February 1952 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1952 when Dr. Wolfgang Hoeller, Charge d'Affaires of Austria with residence in Mexico presents his letters of credentials to Cabinet of Honduras.[34]
|
Jamaica |
| |
Mexico | 1842 | See Austria–Mexico relations
During the French intervention in Mexico between 1864 and 1867, with French backing Maximilian I of Mexico, member of Austria's Imperial Habsburg-Lorraine family was proclaimed Emperor of Mexico.
|
Paraguay |
| |
Peru | 2 November 1949 | |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 29 October 1990 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 October 1990[36] |
Suriname | 3 May 1977 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 May 1977[37] |
United States | 1921 | See Austria–United States relations
|
Uruguay | See Austria–Uruguay relations
| |
Venezuela |
|
Asia
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Afghanistan |
| |
Armenia | 24 January 1992 | See Armenia–Austria relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 January 1992[38]
|
Azerbaijan | 20 February 1992 | See Austria–Azerbaijan relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1992[39]
|
Bahrain | 18 May 1975 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 May 1975[40] |
China | 28 May 1971 | See Austria–China relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 May 1971 |
Georgia | 25 March 1992 | See Austria–Georgia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 March 1992[41] Georgia opened its embassy in Vienna in 1996.[42]
|
India | 1949 | See Austria–India relations
|
Iran | 4 September 1872 | See Austria–Iran relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 September 1872 when has been accredited first Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Austria to Persia Graf Victor Dubsky.[43]
|
Iraq |
| |
Israel | 1949 | See Austria–Israel relations
See also History of the Jews in Austria. |
Japan | 1869-10 | See Austria–Japan relations
|
Jordan | 16 February 1953 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 February 1953[45][46] |
Kazakhstan | See Austria–Kazakhstan relations
| |
Kuwait | 6 June 1965 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 June 1965 when Austria's first Ambassador presents his credentials to the Amir of Kuwait, Sheikh Abdullah Al-Salem Al-Sabah.[47] |
Kyrgyzstan |
| |
Lebanon | 6 December 1951 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 1951 when has been accredited Minister of Austria to Lebanon (resident in Cairo) M. Robert Friedinger-Pranter.[48]
|
Malaysia | 15 September 1962 | See Austria–Malaysia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 September 1962.[49]
|
North Korea | 1974[51] |
|
Oman | 19 December 1973 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 December 1973[52] |
Pakistan | 13 June 1953 | See Austria–Pakistan relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 June 1953[53]
|
Philippines | 1946-10-17 | See Austria–Philippines relations
|
Qatar | 5 March 1973 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 March 1973[54] |
Saudi Arabia | 10 September 1957 | See Austria–Saudi Arabia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 September 1957[55]
|
South Korea | 1892 As Chosun Dynasty/1963-05-22[56] | See Austria–South Korea relations
The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Austria in German (Republik Österreich) and the Republic of Korea in Korean (대한민국) Started on 1892. In April 2007 the President of Austria Heinz Fischer paid a state visit to South Korea. It was the first ever state visit of an Austrian President to South Korea.[57]
|
Syria | 7 February 1952 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 February 1952 when has been accredited Minister of Austria to Syria (Resident in Cairo) Dr. Robert Friedinger - Pranter.[58] |
Timor Leste | 20 September 2002 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 September 2002[59] |
Turkey | See Austria–Turkey relations
| |
Turkmenistan | See Austria–Turkmenistan relations
| |
United Arab Emirates | 10 March 1974 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 March 1974[60]
|
Vietnam | See Austria–Vietnam relations
| |
Yemen | See Austria–Yemen relations |
Europe
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Albania | 1912 | See Albania–Austria relations
Austria-Hungary supported Albanian Declaration of Independence in 1912. |
Andorra | 20 March 1995 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 March 1995[61] |
Belarus | 5 February 1992 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 February 1992[62]
|
Belgium | 22 July 1832 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 July 1832 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Belgium to Austria baron de Loe.[63]
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 8 April 1992 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 April 1992[64] |
Bulgaria | 1878 | See Austria–Bulgaria relations
|
Croatia | 15 January 1992 | See Austria–Croatia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1992[66]
|
Cyprus | 1960 | See Austria–Cyprus relations
|
Czech Republic | 1920-01-20 | See Austria–Czech Republic relations
Both countries are full members of the European Union. They share 362 km of common border, which can be crossed anywhere without border control due to the Schengen Agreement. |
Denmark | 1925-12-19 | See Austria–Denmark relations
|
Estonia | 1921-06-26 |
|
Finland | 1918-07-19 | See Austria–Finland relations
|
France | 1535 | See Austria–France relations
|
Germany | See Austria–Germany relations
| |
Greece | 25 August 1834 | See Austria–Greece relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 August 1834 when has been appointed Anton Prokesch von Osten as the first Ambassador of Austria to Greece.[67]
|
Holy See |
| |
Hungary | 1921 | See Austria–Hungary relations
|
Iceland | 1928 |
|
Ireland | 1951 |
|
Italy | 27 January 1867 | See Austria–Italy relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 January 1867 when has been appointed first Envoy Extraordinary and minister Plenipotentiary of Italy to Austro-Hungary Giulio Camillo De Barral De Monteauvrard.[68]
|
Kosovo | 2008 | See Austria–Kosovo relations
|
Latvia | 1921-02-17 |
|
Liechtenstein |
| |
Lithuania | 1991 |
|
Luxembourg | 30 January 1891 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 January 1891[70]
|
Malta | 9 November 1966 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 November 1966.[71]
|
Moldova | 1992-03-25 | See Austria–Moldova relations
|
Montenegro | 2006-07-12 | See Austria–Montenegro relations |
Netherlands |
| |
North Macedonia | See Austria–North Macedonia relations | |
Norway | 27 March 1906 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 March 1906[72]
|
Poland | 6 September 1921 | See Austria–Poland relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1921.[73]
|
Portugal |
| |
Romania | 22 September 1878 | See Austria–Romania relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 1878[74]
|
Russia | See Austria–Russia relations | |
Serbia | 1874 | See Austria–Serbia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1874. |
Slovakia | 1993 |
|
Slovenia | See Austria–Slovenia relations
| |
Spain | See Austria–Spain relations
| |
Sweden | See Austria–Sweden relations
| |
Switzerland | See Austria–Switzerland relations
| |
Turkey | See Turkey in Asia Above | |
Ukraine | 24 January 1992 | See Austria–Ukraine relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 January 1992[75]
|
United Kingdom | 1799 | See Austria–United Kingdom relations
|
Oceania
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Australia | 1948 |
|
Marshall Islands | 1 March 1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1993[78] |
Nauru | 9 November 2005 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 November 2005[79] |
New Zealand |
| |
Palau | 1 December 2004 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 2004[80] |
Solomon Islands | 13 October 2005 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 October 2005[81] |
Tuvalu | 23 March 2006 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 March 2006[82] |
Vanuatu | 29 December 1986 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 December 1986[83] |
See also
References
- ↑ Watson, Paul; Dahlburg, John-Thor (2000-02-05). "Austria's Far Right Is Sworn Into Office". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2008-11-24.
- ↑ Daley, Suzanne (2000-09-13). "Europe Lifts Sanctions on Austria, but Vows Vigilance". The New York Times. Retrieved 2017-02-17.
- ↑ "U.S., Austria Normalize Ties as Reaction to Rightists Eases". Los Angeles Times. 2000-11-09. Retrieved 2008-11-24.
- ↑ "Diplomatic relations between Angola and Austria as of 25 Oct. 1977". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ Michael Th Neugebauer (1992). Die österreichisch-afrikanischen Beziehungen seit 1955 Wirtschaft, Politik, Entwicklungspolitik, Kultur (in German). Böhlau. p. 110.
- ↑ "Search for Austrian Representations – BMEIA, Außenministerium Österreich".
- ↑ "Burkina Faso – Österreichische Botschaft Dakar".
- ↑ Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa - Issues 1947-1953. By United States. Joint Publications Research Service. 1978. p. 35.
- ↑ "Island States". Austrian Embassy Nairobi. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ Daily Report Western Europe · Issues 138-147. United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1978.
- ↑ Mitteilungen des Österreichischen Staatsarchivs Volume 51 (in German). Österreichisches Staatsarchiv. 2004. p. 54.
- ↑ Österreichisches Jahrbuch (in German). Druck und Verlag der Österr. Staatsdruckerei. 1983. p. 241.
- ↑ Michael Th Neugebauer (1992). Die österreichisch-afrikanischen Beziehungen seit 1955 Wirtschaft, Politik, Entwicklungspolitik, Kultur (in German). Böhlau. p. 30.
- ↑ Lukian Prijac (2015). Foreign relations with Ethiopia human and diplomatic history (from its origins to present). Lit. p. 31.
- ↑ Michael Th Neugebauer (1992). Die österreichisch-afrikanischen Beziehungen seit 1955 Wirtschaft, Politik, Entwicklungspolitik, Kultur (in German). Böhlau. p. 111.
- ↑ Michael Th Neugebauer (1992). Die österreichisch-afrikanischen Beziehungen seit 1955 Wirtschaft, Politik, Entwicklungspolitik, Kultur (in German). Böhlau. p. 35.
- ↑ Mitteilungen des Österreichischen Staatsarchivs Volume 51 (in German). Österreichisches Staatsarchiv. 2004. p. 60.
- ↑ Michael Th Neugebauer (1992). Die österreichisch-afrikanischen Beziehungen seit 1955 Wirtschaft, Politik, Entwicklungspolitik, Kultur (in German). Böhlau. p. 109.
- ↑ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1965. p. 435.
- ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Austria and Namibia as of 5 Oct. 1990". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ Mitteilungen des Österreichischen Staatsarchivs Volume 51 (in German). Österreichisches Staatsarchiv. 2004. p. 44.
- ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Austria and Sao Tome and Principe as of 3 May 1993". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ "Accreditation of New Ambassador of Austria to Seychelles". statehouse.gov.sc. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ West Africa - Volume 29, Part 1. West Africa Publishing Company, Limited. 1975. p. 377.
- ↑ "Bilaterale Beziehungen". Österreichischen Botschaft Addis Abeba (in German). Archived from the original on 1 November 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ↑ Michael Th Neugebauer (1992). Die österreichisch-afrikanischen Beziehungen seit 1955 Wirtschaft, Politik, Entwicklungspolitik, Kultur (in German). Böhlau. p. 107.
- ↑ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1966. p. 619.
- ↑ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1966. p. 455.
- ↑ List of Diplomatic, Consular, and Trade Missions and International Organisations. Zambia. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1970. p. 1.
- ↑ "Diplomatic relations between Austria and Bahamas as of 23 Oct. 1978". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ "DECRETO SUPREMO DE 27 DE OCTUBRE". gacetaoficialdebolivia.gob.bo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
- ↑ "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Canadian Global Affairs Institute. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
- ↑ Österreichisches Jahrbuch - Volume 50 (in German). Austria. Bundespressedienst. 1978. p. 301.
- ↑ Memoria ... (in Spanish). Honduras. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. 1951. p. 71.
- ↑ "PERU EMBASSIES & CONSULATES". Embassy Pages.
- ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Austria and Saint Vincent and The Grenadines as of 29 Oct. 1990". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ "Diplomatic relations between Austria and Suriname as of 3 May 1977". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ "Bilateral Relations". mfa.am. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
- ↑ "The Republic of Austria". mfa.gov.az. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
- ↑ "BILATERAL RELATIONS". mofa.gov.bh. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
- ↑ "CHRONOLOGY OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS". mfa.gov.ge. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
- ↑ "Embassy of Georgia to Austria". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 2007-07-09. Retrieved 2009-06-11.
Diplomatic relations between Georgia and Republic of Austria were established in 1992. Georgia opened its Embassy in Vienna in 1996. The relations between the two countries are close and friendly. Georgia appreciates Support of Austrian Government in different fields of bilateral relations. In addition the commercial and cultural ties are also very important, but do not reflect its full potential and has a big prospective to develop.
- ↑ Heinrich Friedjung, Franz Adlgasser, Margret Friedrich (1997). Geschichte in Gesprächen: 1904-1919 (in German). Böhlau. p. 115.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ "Austria To Lift Iranian Diplomat's Immunity Over Alleged Bomb Plot". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. July 3, 2018.
Austria is stripping the immunity of an Iranian diplomat suspected of involvement in an alleged plot to bomb a meeting of exiled Iranian opposition groups in France.
- ↑ "'A Night in Vienna' celebrates 70 years of Jordan-Austria diplomatic relations". The Jordan Times. 19 February 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
- ↑ "Austria, Jordan 'Have A Lot In Common', Says Ambassador". MENA FM. 20 February 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
- ↑ "This day in Kuwait's history". Kuwait News Agency (KUNA). 6 June 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
- ↑ British Documents on Foreign Affairs--reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Arabia, The Lebanon, Israel, Syria, Jordan and General, 1952. LexisNexis. 2006. p. 187.
- ↑ "Historical overview". Austrian Embassy Kuala Lumpur. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ↑ Reinhart Zimmermann (2008). "Österreichs Wirtschaftsbeziehungen in Südostasien (Austrian Economic Relations to South-East Asia)" (PDF) (in German). Society for South-East Asian Studies. p. 80. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-24. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
- ↑ "북한 오스트리아 수교 : 네이버 통합검색". Search.naver.com. Retrieved 2016-10-22.
- ↑ ARR, Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited. 1973. p. 5.
- ↑ Austrian Information 1953-06-13: Vol 6 Iss 11. Austrian Press & Information Serv. 1953. p. 4. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ↑ ARR, Arab Report and Record, Issues 1-18; Issues 21-24. Arab Report and Record. 1973. p. 58.
- ↑ "120 Jahre österreichische Präsenz". wienerzeitung.at (in German). Retrieved 16 May 2023.
- ↑ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Europe". Mofa.go.kr (in Korean). Archived from the original on 2013-12-24. Retrieved 2016-10-22.
- ↑ "Bundespräsident Heinz Fischer zu Staatsbesuch in Südkorea eingetroffen" (in German). Federal President of the Republic of Austria. Archived from the original on 7 November 2007. Retrieved 18 November 2008.
- ↑ British Documents on Foreign Affairs--reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Arabia, The Lebanon, Israel, Syria, Jordan and General, 1952. LexisNexis. 2006. p. 311.
- ↑ "Austria plans to open its consulate in TL". Tatoli-Agencia Noticiosa de Timor-Leste. 1 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
- ↑ "About the Embassy". Embassy of the United Arab Emirates to the Federal Republic of Austria. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
- ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Andorra and Austria as of 20 Mar. 1995". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ "Belarus — Austria". Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the Republic of Austria. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ↑ Almanach de la Cour de Bruxelles sous les Dominations autrichienne et française, la monarchie des Pays-Bas et le gouvernement Belge, de 1725 à 1840 formant l'introduction à l'almanach Royal officiel de Belgique (in French). Tarlier. 1865. p. 303. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ↑ "Dates of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ↑ "Bulgariens Präsident von pünktlichem EU-Beitritt 2007 überzeugt" (in German). Federal President of the Republic of Austria. Archived from the original on 22 August 2007. Retrieved 19 November 2008.
- ↑ "Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Republic of Croatia Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ↑ "Greece Liberated: Austria". Hellenic Republic Ministry of Foreign Affairs Service of Diplomatic & Historical Archives. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ↑ Annuario diplomatico del Regno d'Italia ... (in Italian). Italia : Ministero degli affari esteri. 1886. p. 53. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
- ↑ Austrian embassy to Lithuania from Vienna
- ↑ P. Ruppert (1892). Le grand-duché de Luxembourg dans ses relations internationales (in French). la cour V. Bück, L. Bück successeur. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
- ↑ "Press Release" (PDF). parlament.mt. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ↑ "Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater" (PDF). regjeringen.no (in Norwegian). April 27, 1999. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ↑ Biliński, Wojciech (2018). "Uznanie międzynarodowe Polski austanowienie przez nią stosunków dyplomatycznych w1919 r." Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne (in Polish). 108: 19. doi:10.26485/SPE/2018/108/1.
- ↑ "Diplomatic Relations of Romania". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Romania. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ↑ "Politische Beziehungen zwischen der Ukraine und der Republik Österreich". Botschaft der Ukraine in der Republik Österreich (in German). Retrieved 16 May 2023.
- ↑ "Bilateral Relations between Austria and Australia". Austrian Embassy Canberra. Archived from the original on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2008.
- ↑ "Austria-born" (PDF). Department of Immigration and Citizenship (Australia). Retrieved 19 November 2008.
- ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Austria and Marshall Islands as of 1 Mar. 1993". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Austria and Nauru as of 9 Nov. 2005". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Austria and Palau as of 1 Dec. 2004". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Solomon Islands and Austria as of 13 Oct. 2005". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Austria and Tuvalu as of 23 Mar. 2006". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Vanuatu and Austria as of 29 Dec. 1986". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
Further reading
- Horn, David Bayne. Great Britain and Europe in the eighteenth century (1967) covers 1603-1702; pp 111-43.
External links
- International − Austrian magazine on foreign policy
- This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook. CIA.
- This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.