Basti district
District of Uttar Pradesh
Location of Basti district in Uttar Pradesh
Location of Basti district in Uttar Pradesh
Country India
StateUttar Pradesh
DivisionBasti
HeadquartersBasti
Government
 • Lok Sabha constituenciesBasti
 • MPHarish Dwivedi
Area
[1]
 • Total2,688 km2 (1,038 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total2,464,464
 • Density920/km2 (2,400/sq mi)
Language
 • OfficialHindi[2]
 • Additional officialUrdu[2]
 • Regional languagesAwadhi  • Bhojpuri
Demographics
 • Literacy67.2 per cent
 • Sex ratio963[1]
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
Vehicle registrationUP-51
Major highwaysNational Highway 28
Average annual precipitation1166 mm
Websitebasti.nic.in

Basti district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state, India, and a part of Basti Division. Basti city is the district headquarters.

Origin of name and history

Basti was originally known as Vaishishthi.[3] The origin of the name Vaishishthi is attributed to the fact that this area was the ashram of Rishi (sage) Vashistha in ancient period. Rama with his younger brother Lakshmana had been here for some time with Rishi Vashistha.

The tract comprising the present district was remote and much of it was covered with forest. But gradually the area became inhabitable, for want of recorded and reliable history it cannot, with any degree of certainty, be said how the district came to be known by its present name :

“On account of the original habitation (Basti) having been selected by the Kalhans Raja Udai Raj Singh as a seat of his Raj, an event which probably occurred in the 15th century. In 1801, Basti became the Tehsil headquarters and in 1865 it was chosen as the headquarters of the newly established district. Raja Udai Raj Singh was the first ruler of Kalhans dynasty based at Basti.[4]”

In 1801, the town Basti became a tehsil headquarter, and in 1865, it was chosen as the headquarters of the newly established Basti district of Gorakhpur Commissionary.[5] Specifically, it happened on 6 May 1865.[6]

At first, the plan was to use the Rapti and Jamuwar rivers as the boundary between Basti and Gorakhpur districts, but this plan was abandoned.[6] Instead, the boundary cut across existing parganas, with a few areas east of the Jamuwar becoming part of Basti district, while the eastern parts of Maghar and Binayakpur parganas remained in Gorakhpur district.[6] New tehsils were established, and most of the original 8 parganas were split into two, for a new total of 13 parganas.[6] Subordinate to the parganas were 131 tappas, which were of significant administrative significance.[6] The resulting setup was the following:

Amorha Khas is a historical place situated at a distance of 41 km from the district headquarters. Its old name is Ambodha, and it was once a province (state) of Raja Zalim Singh. Raja Zalim Singh's Mahal is here, old wall of mahal is still there with the mark of a bullet used by the English. The famous temple Ramrekha Mandir is here. Ramrekha Temple is one of the most ancient Hindu Mandir of Lord Ram and Goddess Sita. Lord Shri Ram stayed here for one day during his journey of Janakpur-Ayodhya. Lord Shri Rama and Sita with Lakshmana journeyed towards Ayodhya by the road called Ram Janki Marg (present-day State Highway 72) near Chhawani.[7][8][9]

In the Great Revolt of 1857, about 250 martyrs of Amorha State were hanged by the British Government from peepal trees located at Chhawani.[10][7][8][9]

Geography

The district lies between the parallels of 26° 23' and 27° 30' North Latitude and 82° 17' and 83° 20' East longitude. Its maximum length from north to south is about 75 km. and breadth from east to west about 70 km. The district lies between newly created district Sant Kabir Nagar on the east and Gonda on the west on the south, the Ghaghra river near Amorha Khas previously known as Amorha Province or State of Raja Zalim Singh separates it from the Ayodhya and newly created district Ambedkar Nagar. On the north it is bounded by district Sidharth Nagar.[11][12][13]

Flora and fauna

The forest cover of the district has dwindled with increasing use of land for agriculture. There are areas with high prevalence of mango (Mangifera indica), mahua (Madhuca longifolia), sal (Shorea robusta), and bamboo (Bambusa arundinacea) trees. Some of the wild animals of the district are the nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus), antelok (Anelok cervicapra), pig (Sus scrofa), wolf (Canis lupus), jackal (Conis aureus), fox (Vulpes bengalensis), hare (Lepus ruficandatus), monkey (Macaca mulatta), wild cat (Felis bengalensis) and the porcupine (Hystric leucura). Several species of game birds are also seen, including the peafowl (Pavo cristatus), the black partridge (Frencolinus francolinus) and the grey partridge (Francalinus pondicervanus). A number of migratory water fowls visit the water bodies of the district in winter, such as the goose (Anser anser), common teal (Anas crecca), red-crested pochard (Netta rufina), white-eyed pochard (Aythya rufa) and the wigeon (Mareca penelope). The cobra (Naja naja), krait (Bungarus caeruleus), and rat-snake (Ptyas mucosus) are commonly found. The Indian crocodile or naka (Crocodylus palustris), and the ghariyal (Gavialis gangeticus) are also found in the river Ghaghra. The common fish species are rohu (Lebeo rohita), bhakur (Catla catla), nain (Cirrhina mrigala), parhin (Wallagonia attu), krunch (Labeo calbasu), and tengan (Mystus seenghala).[14]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901656,285—    
1911650,693−0.09%
1921684,396+0.51%
1931738,712+0.77%
1941776,969+0.51%
1951848,764+0.89%
19611,010,706+1.76%
19711,142,299+1.23%
19811,366,434+1.81%
19911,686,327+2.13%
20012,084,814+2.14%
20112,464,464+1.69%
source:[15]
Religions in Basti district (2011)[16]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 84.52%
Islam
 
 14.79%
Buddhism
 
 0.40%
Other or not stated
 
 0.29%

According to the 2011 census, Basti district had a population of 2,464,464.[17] This ranked it the 178th most populous district in India. The district had a population density of 917 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,380/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 18.21%. Basti had a sex ratio of 963 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 67.22%. The child sex ratio of Basti was 922 females for every 1000 males. 5.60% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes make up 20.85% and 0.15% of the population respectively.[17]

Languages

Languages of Basti district (2011)[18]

  Hindi (80.25%)
  Awadhi (14.29%)
  Bhojpuri (3.21%)
  Urdu (2.14%)
  Others (0.11%)

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 80.25% of the population in the district spoke Hindi, 14.29% Awadhi, 3.21% Bhojpuri and 2.14% Urdu as their first language.[18]

The district Basti may be considered as the demarcation of the Awadhi and Bhojpuri. In cities and urban areas, due to increase in the educated population, Modern Standard Hindi is also spoken in daily conversations. The social media population for electoral district Basti, Uttar Pradesh is for Twitter, Facebook, YouTube and Instagram. The Twitter population for Basti is 53119. Total Facebook users of Basti are 554912. Total Instagram accounts in Basti are 456822. The YouTube accounts in Basti are 541813.[19]

Indian diaspora

During the mid to mid 1800s to the early 1900s many people from the district of Basti migrated through the Indian indenture system to Fiji, Mauritius and South Africa, as well as to Guyana, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Suriname, and other Caribbean countries. Most of them stayed and carried their traditions in those then European colonies.[20] The former President of Guyana, Cheddi Jagan's parents were from Basti district.[21] Former Leader of the Opposition of Trinidad and Tobago and founder of the Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha, Bhadase Sagan Maraj's paternal grandparents were from Basti district.[22] In Trinidad, the name of the Indian majority village, Basta Hall, is derived from Basti.[23]

Medical services and hospitals

Administration

Basti town is the district headquarters of the district.[14] Basti district, a part of Basti division, is formed of four tehsils: Basti Sadar, Harraiya, Bhanpur and Rudhauli and 14 development blocks,[25] 139 Nyay Panchayats, two Parganas named Amorha and Nagar as well as 10 Gram Sabhas. The development blocks included are:

  • Amorha (Pargana)
  • Nagar (Pargana)
  • Basti
  • Bahadurpur
  • Bankati
  • Dubauliya
  • Gaur
  • Harraiya (Tahsil)
  • Kaptanganj
  • Kudaraha
  • ParasRampur
  • Ramnagar
  • Rudhauli (Tehsil)
  • Saltaua Gopal Pur
  • Sau Ghat
  • Vikram Jot

Economy

The district is noted for its cotton textiles and sugar industries. Cottage industries and small-scale industries including the manufacturing units of brassware, iron and carpentry goods, agricultural implements, bricks, agro-products, foot-wear, soaps, candles, and pottery are present here. Basti is also known for its bamboo, eucalyptus (Eucalyptus teritrornis), mango and shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) populations. Four sugar factories are housed in the district. Sugarcane, maize, paddy, pulses, wheat, barley, and potato are commonly cultivated. Most of the population depends for their livelihood on agricultural practices. The district is well-connected through NH 28 which reflects on its good economy. The city is well-connected through railways also.

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Basti one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[26] It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[26] City is also known for nationwide youth organisation National Association of Youth founded by Bhavesh Kumar Pandey and run from Basti.[27] The organisation organizes Basti Mini Marathon every year since 2012.

Transportation

Basti Railway Platform

By air

Maryada Purushottam Shri Ram International Airport (Ayodhya) and Gorakhpur Airport are the nearby airports.

By railways

Basti railway station lies on the main line connecting Lucknow with Gorakhpur and places in Bihar and Assam in the east passes through the south of the district. The main line has 7 railway stations which are, from east to west, Munderwa,[28] Orwara, Basti, Govindnagar, Tinich, Gaur, and Babhnan within the district. Gorakhpur-Lucknow Vande Bharat Express have official stoppage at Basti railway station.

By roadways

Basti is well connected with the nearby cities of Faizabad, Ayodhya, Gorakhpur and Gonda.

There is a daily Intercity express between Gorakhpur, Basti, Ayodhya, Gonda, and Lucknow. National Highway 2a part of the East West Corridor project of Government of India and NHAI,[29] also passes through Basti.

Ramrekha Mandir, Amorha, Basti, Uttar Pradesh, India (रामरेखा मन्दिर – अमोढ़ा)

Landmarks

Bhadeshwar Nath Temple Basti[30]
  • Amorha Khas is situated at a distance of 41 km from the district headquarters. Its old name was Ambodha, and it was once a province (state) of Surajbansi Rajput Raja Zalim Singh. Zalim Singh's Mahal is here, Old wall of mahal is still there with the mark of a bullet used by the English. Also a temple Ramrekha Mandir is here.[7][8][9]
  • Chhawani is a police station and is situated at a distance of 40 km from the district headquarters. It was the main shelter for Indian fighters during the 1857 mutiny.[31]
  • Vikramjot is a Block and small market of the Basti district 46 km away from the headquarters of Basti district.
  • Harraiya is one of the tehsils in Basti district and also a legislative assembly.
  • Ramrekha Mandir is one Hindu Mandir of Lord Ram & Goddess Sita.[32]
  • Makhauda Dham is a Hindu religious spot.[33][34][35]

Education

Maharshi Vashishtha Autonomous State Medical College

The district has a medical college, Autonomous State Medical College, and an engineering college, Rajkiya Engineering College. The district follows a usual 10+2+3 pattern of education as elsewhere in India. Some notable schools and institutions of the district are :

Notable people

Notable people from the district include:

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "District Basti". National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, Government of India. Archived from the original on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  2. 1 2 "52nd REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  3. ↑ "Where is Basti, Information about Basti, Where is Basti Located in Uttar Pradesh, India". Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  4. ↑ Rizavī, Saiyada Najamula Razā (2004). Zamindars and Revenue Farmers of Eastern Uttar Pradesh: From Mughal to Colonial Rule. Anamika Publishers & Distributors. p. 46. ISBN 978-81-7975-053-7. Archived from the original on 17 August 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  5. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 September 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Nevill, H.R. (1907). Basti: A Gazetteer, Being Volume XXXII of the District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra And Oudh. Allahabad: Government Press. pp. 112–4, 164. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
  7. 1 2 3 Thomas, D. (1998). Battles and Honours of the Royal Navy. Leo Cooper. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-85052-623-3. Archived from the original on 17 August 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  8. 1 2 3 Benett, W.C. (1878). The final settlement report on the Gonda district. Vol. 23. p. 22. Archived from the original on 17 August 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  9. 1 2 3 Michael, B.A. (2014). Statemaking and Territory in South Asia: Lessons from the Anglo–Gorkha War (1814–1816). Anthem Press. p. 151. ISBN 978-1-78308-322-0. Archived from the original on 17 August 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  10. ↑ "Places of Interest". basti.nic.in. Archived from the original on 29 June 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
  11. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  12. ↑ "Yahoo maps location of Basti". Yahoo maps. Archived from the original on 13 March 2009. Retrieved 29 March 2009.
  13. ↑ Thomas, David (17 December 1998). Battles & Honours of Royal Navy. Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-0-85052-623-3. Retrieved 25 July 2016 – via Google Books.
  14. 1 2 "Origin of name". Basti Govt. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
  15. ↑ "Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901". Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  16. ↑ "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  17. 1 2 "District Census Handbook: Basti" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  18. 1 2 "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Uttar Pradesh". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  19. ↑ Gopeshwar Tripathi, ed. (2009). "Bhojpuri: A language of India". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  20. ↑ http://girmit.org/?page_id=1242
  21. ↑ https://jagan.org/Biography/CJ Bio/cj_biography4.html
  22. ↑ https://www.saada.org/item/20141107-3923
  23. ↑ "At Home In Trinidad". MANAS. Archived from the original on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
  24. ↑ "GMC Basti Medical College". asmcbasti.edu.in. Archived from the original on 19 February 2020. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  25. ↑ "शुभम नगर चंगेरवा बना जनपद का 15वां ब्लाक". Archived from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
  26. 1 2 Ministry of Panchayati Raj (8 September 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme" (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
  27. ↑ "NAY". Archived from the original on 13 January 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  28. ↑ "Welcome – Munderwa". Archived from the original on 11 July 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  29. ↑ "Welcome to NHAI". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
  30. ↑ "Bhadeshwer Nath | District Basti Government of Uttar Pradesh | India". Archived from the original on 10 August 2021. Retrieved 10 August 2021.
  31. ↑ "Places of Interest". basti.nic.in. Archived from the original on 29 June 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
  32. ↑ "रामरेखा मेले में उमड़े श्रद्धालु, लगाई डुबकी,बोले-जय श्रीराम". Dainik Jagran. Archived from the original on 26 December 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  33. ↑ "84 कोसी परिक्रमा के लिए अयोध्या से संतों का दल रवाना हुआ मखौड़ा धाम". www.patrika.com. 7 June 2014. Archived from the original on 3 January 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  34. ↑ "पर्यटन मंत्रालय ने किया अमोढ़ा व मखौड़ा का सर्वे". Dainik Jagran. Archived from the original on 3 January 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  35. ↑ "पौराणिक स्थलों का होगा विकास- Amarujala". Amar Ujala. Archived from the original on 20 January 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2019.

27°15′N 83°00′E / 27.250°N 83.000°E / 27.250; 83.000

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