Bukidnon
Province
Province of Bukidnon
Top to bottom: Kitanglad Range National Park; Pulangi River at San Jose, Quezon; Bukidnon Welcome Marker at Alae, Manolo Fortich; Mangima Canyon; Bukidnon Provincial Capitol; Overview at Palacapao, Quezon; Kalatungan Range National Park
Top to bottom: Kitanglad Range National Park; Pulangi River at San Jose, Quezon; Bukidnon Welcome Marker at Alae, Manolo Fortich; Mangima Canyon; Bukidnon Provincial Capitol; Overview at Palacapao, Quezon; Kalatungan Range National Park
Flag of Bukidnon
Flag
Official seal of Bukidnon
Seal
Nicknames: 
"The Food Basket of Region X"
"The Eco-tourism and Cultural Heritage Capital of Northern Mindanao"
"Highland Paradise in the Heart of Mindanao" [1]
Anthem: Bukidnon, My Home (Bukidnon Kanak Ha Banuwa)
Location in the Philippines
Location in the Philippines
OpenStreetMap
Coordinates: 7°55′N 125°05′E / 7.92°N 125.08°E / 7.92; 125.08
CountryPhilippines
RegionNorthern Mindanao
FoundedSeptember 1, 1914 (Commission Act 2408)[2]
CapitalMalaybalay
Largest cityValencia City
Government
 • GovernorRogelio Neil P. Roque (PFP)
 • Vice GovernorClive D. Quiño (BPP)
 • LegislatureBukidnon Provincial Board
Area
[3]
 • Total10,498.59 km2 (4,053.53 sq mi)
 • Rank3rd out of 81
Highest elevation
(Mount Dulang-dulang)
2,941 m (9,649 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[4]
 • Total1,541,308
 • Rank17th out of 81
 • Density150/km2 (380/sq mi)
  • Rank61st out of 81
Divisions
 • Independent cities0
 • Component cities
2
 • Municipalities
20
 • Barangays464
 • DistrictsLegislative districts of Bukidnon
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
8700–8723
IDD : area code +63 (0)88
ISO 3166 codePH-BUK
Spoken languages
Income Classification1st class[3]
Websitewww.bukidnon.gov.ph

Bukidnon (/buːˈkɪdnɒn/), officially the Province of Bukidnon (Cebuano: Lalawigan sa Bukidnon; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Bukidnon; Hiligaynon: Kapuroan sang Bukidnon; Binukid and Higaonon: Probinsya ta Bukidnon), is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Northern Mindanao region.[5] Its capital is the city of Malaybalay. The province borders, clockwise from the north, Misamis Oriental, Agusan del Sur, Davao del Norte, Cotabato, Lanao del Sur, and Lanao del Norte. According to the 2020 census, the province is inhabited by 1,541,308 residents.[4] The province is composed of 2 component cities and 20 municipalities. It is the third largest province in the country in terms of total area of jurisdiction behind Palawan and Isabela respectively.

The name "Bukidnon" means "highlander" or "mountain dweller." Occupying a wide plateau in the north central part of the island of Mindanao, the province is considered to be the food basket of the region, being the major producer of rice and corn. Products from plantations in the province also include pineapples, bananas and sugarcane.

Situated within Bukidnon is Mount Dulang-dulang, the 2nd highest mountain in the country, with an elevation of 2,938 metres (9,639 ft) located in the Kitanglad Mountain Range.[6] Mount Kitanglad (2,899 m), Mount Kalatungan (2,860 m), Mount Maagnaw (2,742 m), Mount Lumuluyaw (2,612 m), and Mount Tuminungan (2,400 m), the 4th, 5th, 8th, 17th, and 30th highest mountains in the country respectively, are also found in the province.[7]

Bukidnon was consecutively ranked 5th in the list of richest provinces in the Philippines for four straight years according to the Commission on Audit's 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021 Annual Financial Reports which were posted in 2019, early to late 2021, and 2022, respectively.[8][9][10]

History

Early history

One of the "tulugan" at Kaamulan Park, Malaybalay

According to oral history of the indigenous people of Bukidnon, there were four main tribes in Central Mindanao: the Maranaos who dwell in Lanao del Sur, and the Maguindanao, Manobo and Talaandig tribes who respectively inhabit the eastern, southern, and north-central portions of the original province of Cotabato. When the civil government divided central Mindanao into provinces at the turn of the 20th century, the groups included in the province of Bukidnon are the Talaandig and the Manobo, as well as other smaller Lumad tribes. The Visayans, particularly the Cebuanos and the Hiligaynons from the Northern Mindanao coastline and the southern Visayas, migrated into the province. The Visayans are still referred to by the Lumad as the dumagat ("sea people") to distinguish them from the original mountain tribes.[11] This was followed by various groups from Luzon, namely, the Ilocanos, the Igorots and the Ivatans, many of whom were merchants and wealthy entrepreneurs. All contributed massive acculturation among the indigenous tribes. Most of those who moved to the mountains and forest continued to hold on their ancestors' cultural heritage. The wide variety of Filipino groups now thrives in the province and contributed immensely in the socioeconomic development.

Spanish colonial era

Bukidnon Provincial Capitol, Malaybalay

Bukidnon became a part of Misamis in the latter part of 1850. The whole area was then called "Malaybalay" and the people were known as Bukidnons (highlanders or mountain dwellers).

American invasion era

The Philippine Commission, then headed by Commissioner Dean C. Worcester, Secretary of Interior, proposed the separation of Bukidnon from Misamis Province. On August 20, 1907, the Philippine Commission Act No. 1693 was enacted the Province of Agusan and sub-province of Bukidnon. Bukidnon became a regular province on March 10, 1917, by virtue of the creation of the Department of Mindanao and Sulu under Act 2711.

Japanese occupation era

In 1942, invading Japanese troops entered Bukidnon. Mount Capistrano was a civilian evacuation area in the World War II. In 1945, the province was liberated from Japanese occupation by Filipino and American troops with the aid of Bukidnon-based Filipino guerrillas during the Second World War.

Geography

Bukidnon is a landlocked plateau in North Central Mindanao. It is bounded on the north by Misamis Oriental and Cagayan de Oro; on the south by North Cotabato and Davao City; on the east by Agusan del Sur and Davao del Norte; and west by Lanao del Sur. It lies between parallels 7°25' and 8°38' north latitude and meridians 124°03' and 125°16' east longitude. Malaybalay, the capital town, is about 850 kilometers (530 mi) by air from Manila and 91 kilometers (57 mi) by road from Cagayan de Oro.

It has two important landmarks, Mount Kitanglad and Pulangi River. Mount Kitanglad has a peak of 2,899 meters (9,511 ft) above sea level. Pulangi River, on the other hand, traverses through the northeastern and southern part of the province towards the Rio Grande de Mindanao.

Land area

The province's total land area is 10,498.59 square kilometres (4,053.53 sq mi),10,498.59 making it the largest in Mindanao in terms of land area. It accounts for 59 percent (59%) of Northern Mindanao. Thirty-eight percent (38%) is classified as alienable and disposable. The rest is timberland forest.

It also accounts for 80 percent (80%) or 34 million metric tons of the region's nonmetallic mineral deposits, which include high grade white and red clay, gold, chromite, copper, serpentine, manganese, quartz and limestone deposits can also be found in the province.

Topography

Mangima Canyon at Maluko, Manolo Fortich. Also located in the town is a canyon near barangay Lunocan, dubbed as the "Grand Canyon of the Philippines".

Much of Bukidnon is an extensive plateau, but the southern and eastern boundaries are mountainous. The province's average elevation is 915 meters (3,002 ft) above sea level. The slope gradient peaks at 2,899 meters (9,511 ft) of Mount Kitanglad, an extinct volcano occupying the central portion. Two other mountain bodies are found in its southern portion, Mount Kalatungan and Mount Tangkulan, which rise to 2,287 meters (7,503 ft) and 1,678 meters (5,505 ft), respectively. The rest of the province is composed of nearly level terraces, alluvial plains, canyons and gorges. The volcanic terraces and volcanic foot slopes that are ≥500 m above sea level are estimated to be about 221,600 hectares (548,000 acres).

Gently rolling grassland plateau are cut by deep and wide canyons of the Cagayan, Pulangi, and Tagoloan rivers and their tributaries, which cover a greater part of the province. The Bukidnon plateau is mainly of volcanic zone consisting of pyroclastic, basaltic and andesitic cones.

View from Musuan Peak of the Maapag Plain of central Bukidnon. The foothills of the Kalatungan Mountain Range is visible on the upper right.

The whole eastern and southern border adjoining the provinces of Agusan, Davao del Norte, and Cotabato are covered by lofty and densely forested Pantaron Mountain Range, also known as the Central Cordillera. The Central Cordillera is a mountain range of sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks. About 49% of the land resource of the province is of rugged hills and mountains and 33% of undulating to rolling terrain.

At Mailag, 23 kilometers (14 mi) south of Malaybalay, the plateau begins to descend and gradually merges into the lowlands of Cotabato province.

Climate

Two types of climate are roughly divided by the northern and southern areas of Bukidnon. The northern part is classified as belonging to Type III, that is, there is no pronounced rain period but relatively dry during the months of November to May. In the southern portion of the province, the climate is classified as Type IV with no dry season. The driest area is Baungon, while the wettest is the Calabugao plain. The climate is relatively cool and humid throughout the year.

The average annual rainfall is 2,800 millimeters (110 in). Just like in other parts of the country, rainfall is more pronounced from June to October compared to other months of the year. February to April are the drier months.

Temperature ranges vary with elevation. In areas lower than 500 meters (1,600 ft) above sea level (m.a.s.l.), the recorded temperature range is between 20 and 34 °C (68 and 93 °F). Areas with elevations greater than 500 meters (1,600 ft) above sea level would have temperatures ranging from 18 to 28 °C (64 to 82 °F).

Relative humidity also varies with elevation, with those above 500 m having relative humidity of about 80%, while areas lying below 500 meters (1,600 ft), 65-7 percent. Thus, the Malaybalay-Impasugong area and those around the volcanic cones approximate semi-temperate conditions and can support the cultivation of highland tropical crops.

Based on the records of climatological stations within and near the province, lithology and land form, three agro-ecological zones are identified. One covers the mountainous eastern side (Central Cordillera), which is generally wet, with rainfall of about 2,340 to 4,000 millimeters (92 to 157 in) per annum. Another covers the high altitude volcanic plains, the Malaybalay-Impasug-ong area, and the foot slopes of Mount Kitanglad, and Mount Kalatungan. These areas have an annual rainfall in the range of 2,490 to 3,680 millimeters (98 to 145 in). The third zone covers the south-central and the north-western parts of the province, with elevations of less than 500 meters, relatively dry with mean annual rainfall in the range of 1,700 to 2,600 millimeters (67 to 102 in).

Bodies of water

A waterfall found within the boundaries of the Kalatungan Mountain Range

Rivers

Bukidnon is home to the largest concentration of watersheds in Mindanao. It is endowed with six major river systems, namely: Pulangi, Tagoloan, Cagayan, Manupali, Muleta, and Bobonawan rivers. These rivers and their tributaries carved the landscape of the province, creating numerous canyons into the plateau.

The Pulangi River, considered the longest river in the province, is a tributary of the Rio Grande de Mindanao. Its headwaters are found in the mountains of Kalabugao, Impasugong. It is the largest as well as the longest river found in the province. It covers the following cities and municipalities of the province: Impasugong, Malaybalay, Cabanglasan, San Fernando, Valencia, Maramag, Quezon, Don Carlos, Kitaotao, Dangcagan, Kibawe and Damulog.

The Tagoloan River has its headwaters in the mountains of Can-ayan, Malaybalay. It traverses the province northwestward passing through Malaybalay, Impasugong, Sumilao, Manolo Fortich, Malitbog and finally empties into the sea at Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental.

The Pulangi River winding through the Maapag Plain in Valencia City

The Cagayan River watershed is found mostly in the municipality of Talakag. Its headwaters are found in the Kitanglad Mountain Range in central Bukidnon. The river flows northward through the municipalities of Talakag and Baungon. Its mouth lies at Cagayan de Oro in Misamis Oriental, where it is the main source of potable water.

The Manupali River, a major tributary of the Pulangi River, starts in the mountains of Lantapan, Bukidnon, picking up tributaries along the way from the Kalatungan and Kitanglad Mountain Ranges. It forms part of the natural boundary of the Valencia and Lantapan. It flows eastward towards Malaybalay, eventually joining the Pulangi River in Valencia.

The Muleta River is found in the southern portion of the province covering the municipalities of Pangantucan, Don Carlos, Kitaotao, Dangcagan, Kibawe, Kadingilan and Damulog. It is another important tributary of the Pulangi River and flows southward. It will join the Pulangi River in the boundary of Bukidnon and Cotabato province.

The Blue Water Cave in Quezon

The Bobonawan River, found in the municipality of Cabanglasan, is another tributary of the Pulangi River. It covers most of the parts of the municipality, flowing southward towards Pulangi River.

Lakes

Aside from the relatively important river systems, various lakes also dot the landscape of the province. Pinamaloy Lake, in Don Carlos, Bukidnon, is the largest in the province covering about 50 hectares. It was named after Barangay Pinamaloy, where the lake is located. Another lake is found in Pigtauranan, Pangantucan called the Napalit Lake. The lake covers an area of 36 hectares and is one of the tourist spots in Pangantucan, Bukidnon. There are 24 floating islets in the lake. The third significant inland body of water in the province is Apo Lake at Guinoyoran, Valencia. It occupies an approximate area of 25 hectares. A man-made lake called Maramag Basin is found in Maramag, Bukidnon, which was the result of the construction of the Pulangi IV Hydroelectric Dam of the National Power Corporation (NPC) in the course of the Pulangi River.

Springs and waterfalls

There are also numerous springs and waterfalls located in the province. Some of the waterfalls include the Alalum Falls, Dimadungawan Falls, Dila Falls, Gantungan Falls, Natigbasan Falls, Sagumata Falls, Magubo Falls, and Balisbisan Falls.

Politics and administration

Administrative divisions

Bukidnon is subdivided into 20 municipalities and 2 cities.

Political divisions
  •  †  Provincial capital and component city
  •  ∗  Component city
  •   Municipality

Barangays

Pulangi Riverside Boulevard

The province has 464 barangays under its jurisdiction. The table below shows the Top 20 Largest Barangays according to population.[13]

Rank Barangay City/Municipality Population (2015)[17]
1 Poblacion Valencia 35,793
2 Casisang Malaybalay City 25,696
3 Lumbo Valencia 16,082
4 Poblacion Quezon 15,247
5 North Poblacion Maramag 14,799
6 Dologon Maramag 14,093
7 Butong Quezon 13,258
8 South Poblacion Maramag 12,165
9 Damilag Manolo Fortich 11,713
10 Batangan Valencia 11,550
11 Kisolon Sumilao 11,532
12 Don Carlos Sur (Poblacion) Don Carlos 11,385
13 Poblacion Impasugong 11,279
14 Poblacion Pangantucan 10,970
15 Bagontaas Valencia 10,619
16 Halapitan (Poblacion) San Fernando 10,221
17 Agusan Canyon Manolo Fortich 11,385
18 Sumpong Malaybalay 9,302
19 Alae Manolo Fortich 9,135
20 Barangay 9 (Poblacion) Malaybalay 9,033

Legislative districts

Bukidnon has four legislative districts namely the first, second, third and fourth districts.

Legislative District City/Municipality Land Area Population (2015)[13] Density (2010)
1st District
2,229.17 km2 302,272 125.14 person/km2
2nd District
3,144.44 km2 374,395 106.60 person/km2
3rd District
1,816.11 km2 450,839 228.08 person/km2
4th District
1,104.06 km2 287,720 244.71 person/km2

Demographics

Population census of Bukidnon
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 21,163—    
1918 46,519+5.39%
1939 57,561+1.02%
1948 63,470+1.09%
1960 194,368+9.77%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1970 414,762+7.86%
1975 532,818+5.15%
1980 631,634+3.46%
1990 843,891+2.94%
1995 940,403+2.05%
YearPop.±% p.a.
2000 1,060,415+2.61%
2007 1,190,284+1.61%
2010 1,299,192+3.24%
2015 1,415,226+1.64%
2020 1,541,308+1.69%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[13][18][18][19]

Based on the 2020 census, Bukidnon has a total population of 1,541,308 residents.[4]

In the 2000 census, males slightly edge the females with 546,234, accounting for about 52% of the province's total population while females, with 514,181, account about 48%. Based on age distribution, Bukidnon has a fairly young population, with ages 14 and below accounting 42.15% or 446, 952. The 15-34 age bracket account for 33.68% of the province's population or 357,112. Ages 55 and above barely accounts 6.5% of the total. The average population growth rate of the province is 2.05% (2.03% if exponential) from 2000 to 2010. Male-to-female ratio in the province stood at 1.06.

Population density

The average population density for the province is 128 persons per square km. The cities/municipalities with the highest population densities are the following: Don Carlos (353/km2), Kitaotao (250/km2), Valencia (244/km2), Maramag (213/km2) and Quezon (202/km2). The cities/municipalities with the lowest densities, on the other hand are: Impasugong (29/km2), Talakag (58/km2), San Fernando (63/km2), Malitbog (75/km2) and Damulog (83/km2).

Population by congressional districts

Population percentage by District (2010)

District III has the highest population among the four provincial congressional districts, with 31.86% of the total population of the province. It is followed by District II with 26.45% of the total population and District I with a population share of 21.36%. The least populated district is District IV with population percentage share of 20.33%.

Valencia has the highest population among the cities/municipalities of the province with 192,993 inhabitants, accounting 13.64% of the province's total. It is closely followed by Malaybalay with 174,625 inhabitants or 12.34% of the provincial population. Quezon is at third with 104,116 inhabitants or 7.36% of the total, with Maramag and Manolo Fortich rounding out the fourth and fifth with 102,089 and 100,210 inhabitants, respectively.

The four largest local government units of Bukidnon (Valencia, Malaybalay, Quezon, and Maramag) are clustered together in the central part of the province. It is also in the national roads of these cities/municipalities that daily road use volume are high.

Languages

Languages Spoken (2010)[20]
Language Speakers
Cebuano/Bisaya
 
 734,848
Higaonon
 
 154,295
Hiligaynon
 
 119,133
Binukid/Bukidnon
 
 76,812
Talaandig
 
 55,757
Ilocano
 
 26,954
Matigsalug
 
 18,263
Others
 
 108,815

The lingua franca of the region is Cebuano. Minority languages include Higaonon, Bukid, Ilianen, Matigsalug, Hiligaynon, Maranao, Iranun, Ilocano, and Waray. Tagalog and English are generally understood and widely used in schools, business, and government offices.

Religion

Religion in Bukidnon[21]
Religion percentage
Roman Catholic
 
 80.7%
Protestant
(other Christians)
 
 15%
Islam
 
 4%

The majority of the population are Christians (predominantly Roman Catholic, 80.7% with significant other Christian denomination minority, 15%), followed by Islam (4%) while other religious groups are adhered by 0.3%. The Iglesia Ni Cristo (INC) comprised two Ecclesiastical Districts (Don Carlos and Valencia City), each district comprising locale congregations and barangay chapels. Ecclesiastical District of Don Carlos has 49 locales with barangay chapels. Ecclesiastical District of Valencia City has 53 locales with barangay chapels.

Ethnicity

Bukidnon's population by ethnic origin (2000)

According to ethnicity, majority of the people in Bukidnon are Cebuano accounting for approximately 41% of the total population. The Bukidnon lumads (Bukidnon, Higaonon, Manobo, Talaandig, etc.) account for about 24% of the total population of the province. The Maranaos form about 8% of the total population followed by the Hiligaynon/Ilonggo and Boholano groups with 12.7% and 7.37%, respectively, of the province's total population.

Indigenous inhabitants of Bukidnon are the Lumad peoples, including the Bukidnon, Higaonon, Manobo, and Talaandig. Their cultures and traditions are embodied in oral folk literature of the province, which are classified into; antoka (riddles), basahan (proverbs or wise sayings), kaliga (ceremonial songs), limbay (lyric poem), sala (love song), idangdang (ballad), ulaging (epic), and nanangon (folktales). Religion is monotheistic. They believe in one God. Magbabaya (the ruler of all) has minor gods and goddesses under his command (Example: Bulalakaw watches rivers and lakes, Tumpas Nanapiyaw or Itumbangol watches the bases of the earth, night, and day).

Many of the province's inhabitants, however, are descendants of immigrants from Cebu or elsewhere in Central Visayas.

Economy

Poverty Incidence of Bukidnon
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[22]
[23][24][25][26][27]
Binaki, a type of steamed corn cake wrapped with corn husks is believed to have originated in Bukidnon

Bukidnon is an agricultural economy. It is a major producer of rice, maize, sugar, coffee, rubber, pineapple, banana, tomato, flowers, cassava, and other fruits and vegetables. Almost all large firms operating in the province are into production or processing of these agricultural products. Recognized by the Food and Agriculture Organization as a foot-and-mouth disease-free province, it is also a major producer of poultry, hogs, goats, and cattle.

The Philippine Carabao Center's outlet in Central Mindanao University makes dairy products from water buffalos. Due to being landlocked, Bukidnon relies on the nearby cities of Cagayan de Oro and Davao for the supply of marine products. However, the province has its own supply of freshwater products such as tilapia, carp, catfish, mudfish, gourami, barb, goby, climbing perch, freshwater eels, giant freshwater prawn or shrimps, native freshwater snails or freshwater clams, and freshwater crabs, either via inland fishing or fry production aquaculture in inland fish farms and fish hatcheries.

Del Monte Pineapple fields in Manolo Fortich

Del Monte Philippines, Inc. (DMPI), Lapanday Diversified Products Corp. and Mt. Kitanglad Agri-Development Corporation are engaged in pineapple production. Dole Philippines (Skyland) and Mt. Kitanglad Agri-Ventures, Inc. are into banana production. DMPI is also engaged in cattle fattening. Bukidnon Sugar Milling Corporation (BUSCO) and Crystal Sugar Milling are into sugar milling and refining.

Phil-Agro Industrial Corporation is in starch production. Menzi Agricultural Development is in cacao production. Agaropyta Phils. Inc., Bukidnon Greens Inc., FP Obrero Farms and ARDEM, Inc. are in cutflower production.

Food manufacturing giants, San Miguel Foods Corp. (SMPFCI), Monterey Farms Corp., Swift Foods, Inc. have intensified their contract breeding and growing operations in the province. Valencia Rubbertex, Inc., an 80-20 Japanese-Filipino joint venture produces rubber boots and rubber shoes for Japan.

Robinsons Place Valencia

As one of the major anchors in crop production, Bukidnon is moving forward towards establishing its position as a principal trader of rice, corn, sugar, potato, tomato and many other commercial and industrial crops. As the second largest producer of corn in the country, it reached a total production of 481,370 metric tons. In year 2000, vast tracts of cornfields, rice paddles, and sugar plantations are distributed all over the province.

Bukidnon has already assumed its role as producer and supplier of fresh fruits and vegetables. These produce are either sold in domestic markets or exported to Japan and other neighboring countries. Fresh pineapples, banana, sugarcane and cutflower grown over the years are among its exports. New agri-business industries are still growing such as strawberry farming. Even export of rubber boots and shoes, an infant industry in the province is increasing tremendously.

A wide variety of resource-based handicrafts is extensively produced from rattan, bamboo, and wood. San Fernando is known for its rattan furniture. Bamboo baskets, wood wares and carvings, mats, and other handmade products are ideal souvenir items.

Bukidnon Investment Grid

During the mid-1990s, the provincial government of Bukidnon, after careful studies and consultation, has adopted a strategic program called the Bukidnon Investment Grid or BIG. This program is aimed to confine all its investment promotion activities and projects to the strip of land three kilometers from both sides of the Sayre Highway from Damulog to Manolo Fortich, and along the national/provincial road from Kibawe to Kadingilan; Don Carlos to Kadingilan; Maramag to Quezon; Maramag to Kadingilan; Kadingilan to Pangantucan; Valencia City to San Fernando; Malaybalay City to Cabanglasan; Malaybalay to Lantapan; Manolo Fortich to Libona; Libona to Cagayan de Oro; Talakag to Pangantucan; and Malitbog to Tagoloan in Misamis Oriental.

Transportation

The province is very well accessible by road primarily from the cities of Cagayan de Oro and Davao with alternate road networks as well from the cities of Butuan (via Agusan del Sur), Iligan (via Talakag), Marawi (via Talakag), Tagum (via San Fernando), and the province of Cotabato.

Sayre Highway in Malaybalay City

The entire province is bisected from north to south by the four-lane Sayre Highway from Cagayan de Oro to Kabacan, North Cotabato via Maramag (Bukidnon–Cotabato Road); and by the two-to-four lane Bukidnon–Davao Road (colloquially known as "BuDa") from Quezon to Davao City. Both are components of National Route 10 (N10) of the Philippine highway network, and a spur of the Asian Highway 26 (AH26) of the Asian highway network. The Sayre Highway intersects with the BuDa Road in the barrio of Dologon in Maramag, where it changes to route N943 and continues on to Dangcagan, Damulog, and Kabacan.[28][29][30]

The Sayre Highway (formerly "Route 3") was renamed in honor of Francis Bowes Sayre, Sr., the U.S. Philippine High Commissioner who spearheaded its construction during the American occupation of the Philippines.[31]

There are several airstrips in the province being used by private firms. Commercial flights used to be flown from the Malaybalay Airstrip, but it was closed down by the provincial government in the late 1990s. The airport where it used to be located was converted into a low-cost housing project. A proposed domestic airport site in the municipality of Don Carlos has already been on the talks since 2008 and in 2013, the Bukidnon Airport Development Project proposal was finalized.[32][33][34] Budget allocation was done in 2017[35] and construction started in 2018.[36] There are no seaports in Bukidnon because the province is landlocked. The nearest passenger seaport is in Cagayan de Oro.

Education

Universities and colleges

The following universities and colleges of Bukidnon are the tertiary schools.

Main entrance to the Central Mindanao University grounds
Valencia Colleges (Bukidnon), Inc.
School Location
ACLC College of BukidnonHagkol, Valencia
Bukidnon State UniversityMalaybalay
Central Mindanao UniversityMusuan, Maramag, Bukidnon
Don Carlos Polytechnic CollegePoblacion, Don Carlos, Bukidnon
IBA College of MindanaoValencia, Bukidnon
Maramag Polytechnic CollegeNorth Poblacion, Maramag, Bukidnon
Mindanao Arts and Technological InstituteMalaybalay
Mountain View CollegeMVC Complex, Mt. Nebo, Valencia
Northern Bukidnon State CollegeManolo Fortich, Bukidnon
Philippine College FoundationValencia, Bukidnon
Philippine Countryville CollegeMaramag, Bukidnon
Quezon Institute of Technology, Inc.Quezon, Bukidnon
San Agustin Institute of TechnologyValencia
San Isidro CollegeImpalambong, Malaybalay
STI CollegeMalaybalay City and Valencia
St. James School of Science and TechnologyMalaybalay
Valencia Colleges (Bukidnon), Inc.Valencia

Festivals

A Kaamulan float

The province celebrates the Kaamulan Festival, an ethnic cultural festival held annually in Malaybalay, Bukidnon from the mid-February up to March 10, the founding date of the Bukidnon as a province in 1917. It is held to celebrate the culture and tradition of the seven ethnic tribal groups—Bukidnon, Higaonon, Talaandig, Manobo, Matigsalug, Tigwahanon, and Umayamnon—that originally inhabit the province. Kaamulan comes from the indigenous Binukid word amul meaning "to gather". Kaamulan is gathering for a purpose—a datuship ritual, a wedding ceremony, a thanksgiving festival during harvest time, a peace pact, or all of these together. The festival started in 1974 and is celebrated until now. It is the only authentic ethnic festival in the Philippines.[37]

Bukidnon Hymn: Bukidnon My Home

The Provincial Hymn was composed by Filomeno Bautista between 1925 and 1932. Nimecio Jun Beltran authored a provincial resolution requiring the singing of the provincial hymn in all and every events in the Province of Bukidnon where the Philippine National Anthem is also sung.

Official Binukid Version:
Bukidnon Kanak Ha Banuwa		 Official English- version:
Bukidnon My Home		 Unofficial Cebuano Version:
Bukidnon Matahum

Bisan pa hindu a
Lalag ku'g uli a
Dini ta Bukidnun
Kanak ha banuwa
Buntud ha matangkaw,
Kalasan...makupal,
Patag ha malu-ag,
Ha tungkay madagway.

Chorus:

Bunturan, balalayan
Basakan, kapatagan
Pastuhan, kapinyahan
Alan-alan kauyagan
Langit din piglambungan
Pig-aldawan kalamagan
Singenem uranan
Alan-alan kaayaran

Wherever I may roam
The distant lands to see
I long to go back home
To sweet Bukidnon home
Her lovely mountains high
Her forests old and grand
Bring memories to me
The home I long to see.

Chorus:
There my heart, yearns to be
In far away, Bukidnon land.
Under its blue starry sky,
Where love and joy never die.
(Repeat Chorus)

Bisan asa kita
Sa hakayong dapit
Mobalik gihapon
sa atong Bukidnon

Nindot ang Kabukiran
Lunhaw'ng Kalasangan
Tam-is palandungon
Yuta ko'ng matahum

KORUS:

Dughan ko nagahandum
Sa yuta ko nga Bukidnon
May Kahayag ug Kalinaw
Gugma'g kalipay sa kanunay

(Balik KORUS)

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Department of Tourism". tourism.gov.ph. Archived from the original on 21 March 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  2. ↑ "Bukidnon Celebrates 100th Year in 2014". Provincial Government of Bukidnon. 2014-03-19. Archived from the original on 2015-09-28. Retrieved 2015-09-27.
  3. 1 2 "List of Provinces". PSGC Interactive. Makati, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. Archived from the original on 11 January 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Census of Population (2020). "Region X (Northern Mindanao)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  5. ↑ Sombrito, Elvira. "Soil Redistribution Studies Using Fallout 137Cs" (PDF). International Atomic Energy Agency. Retrieved 9 September 2010.
  6. ↑ "Mt. Dulang-Dulang (2,938+)". ~ Pinoy Mountaineer. 2007-09-02. Archived from the original on 2012-08-30. Retrieved 2012-10-27.
  7. ↑ "The highest mountains in the Philippines ~ Pinoy Mountaineer". Pinoymountaineer.com. 2008-02-02. Archived from the original on 2012-10-25. Retrieved 2012-10-27.
  8. ↑ "COA: Makati is Philippines' richest city, Cebu the richest province (2018) by GMA News 2019". 16 October 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-11-28. Retrieved 2019-11-28.
  9. ↑ "Makati still richest city, Cebu remains wealthiest province: COA report by ABS-CBN News". Archived from the original on 2021-01-14. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
  10. ↑ "Quezon City now richest LGU – COA". Archived 2021-12-25 at the Wayback Machine CNN Philippines.
  11. ↑ Oona Paredes (2016). "Rivers of Memory and Oceans of Difference in the Lumad World of Mindanao". TRaNS: Trans-Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia. 4 (Special Issue 2 (Water in Southeast Asia)): 329–349. doi:10.1017/trn.2015.28.
  12. ↑ "Province: Bukidnon". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  13. 1 2 3 4 Census of Population (2015). "Region X (Northern Mindanao)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  14. ↑ http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/1957/02feb/19570213-EO-0235-RM.pdf Archived 2021-05-07 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ↑ "Brief History – Impasugong, Bukidnon". Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2020-03-08.
  16. ↑ "Bukidnon My Home on Facebook". Facebook. Archived from the original on 2022-04-27.
  17. ↑ Census of Population (2015). Highlights of the Philippine Population 2015 Census of Population. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  18. 1 2 Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region X (Northern Mindanao)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  19. ↑ Cairns, Malcolm (2015). Shifting Cultivation and Environmental Change: Indigenous People, Agriculture and Forest Conservation. Routledge. ISBN 9781317750192. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  20. ↑ "Table 11. Household Population by Ethnicity and Sex: 2010" (PDF). psa.gov.ph. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  21. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-03-04. Retrieved 2018-03-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  22. ↑ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  23. ↑ "2009 Official Poverty Statistics of the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 8 February 2011.
  24. ↑ "Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. 27 August 2016.
  25. ↑ "Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. 27 August 2016.
  26. ↑ "Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. 27 August 2016.
  27. ↑ "Updated Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2015 and 2018". Philippine Statistics Authority. 4 June 2020.
  28. ↑ "Bukidnon 2nd". www.dpwh.gov.ph. Archived from the original on 2018-10-15. Retrieved 2018-08-27.
  29. ↑ "Davao City 2nd". www.dpwh.gov.ph. Archived from the original on 2018-08-28. Retrieved 2018-08-27.
  30. ↑ "Cagayan de Oro 2nd". www.dpwh.gov.ph. Archived from the original on 2018-09-09. Retrieved 2018-09-09.
  31. ↑ "HyperWar: US Army in WWII: Fall of the Philippines [Chapter 28]". www.ibiblio.org. Archived from the original on 2020-02-24. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
  32. ↑ "Bukidnon Airport (Maraymaray Airstrip) in Don Carlos, Bukidnon by Philippine Aviation". PBase. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  33. ↑ Bukidnon airport to be constructed in 2012 – Sen. Zubiri (Bukidnon News) Archived 2015-12-22 at the Wayback Machine
  34. ↑ "Don Carlos is best choice for Bukidnon airport (MindaNews)". 6 August 2013. Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2015-08-31.
  35. ↑ Maraymaray, Don Carlos; Bukidnon Airport Development Project (Don Carlos Official Website) Archived 2017-08-08 at the Wayback Machine
  36. ↑ "PROJECT WATCH: New Bukidnon (Don Carlos) Development Airport to start this year; P425 million budget allocated". cdodev.com. 7 January 2018. Archived from the original on 8 January 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  37. ↑ "Foreign diplomats to grace Bukidnon's Kaamulan fest". Archived from the original on 2009-03-28. Retrieved 2018-06-27.
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