222 honeycomb
(no image)
TypeUniform tessellation
Coxeter symbol222
Schläfli symbol{3,3,32,2}
Coxeter diagram
6-face type221
5-face types211
{34}
4-face type{33}
Cell type{3,3}
Face type{3}
Face figure{3}×{3} duoprism
Edge figure{32,2}
Vertex figure122
Coxeter group, [[3,3,32,2]]
Propertiesvertex-transitive, facet-transitive

In geometry, the 222 honeycomb is a uniform tessellation of the six-dimensional Euclidean space. It can be represented by the Schläfli symbol {3,3,32,2}. It is constructed from 221 facets and has a 122 vertex figure, with 54 221 polytopes around every vertex.

Its vertex arrangement is the E6 lattice, and the root system of the E6 Lie group so it can also be called the E6 honeycomb.

Construction

It is created by a Wythoff construction upon a set of 7 hyperplane mirrors in 6-dimensional space.

The facet information can be extracted from its Coxeter–Dynkin diagram, .

Removing a node on the end of one of the 2-node branches leaves the 221, its only facet type,

The vertex figure is determined by removing the ringed node and ringing the neighboring node. This makes 122, .

The edge figure is the vertex figure of the vertex figure, here being a birectified 5-simplex, t2{34}, .

The face figure is the vertex figure of the edge figure, here being a triangular duoprism, {3}×{3}, .

Kissing number

Each vertex of this tessellation is the center of a 5-sphere in the densest known packing in 6 dimensions, with kissing number 72, represented by the vertices of its vertex figure 122.

E6 lattice

The 222 honeycomb's vertex arrangement is called the E6 lattice.[1]

The E62 lattice, with [[3,3,32,2]] symmetry, can be constructed by the union of two E6 lattices:

The E6* lattice[2] (or E63) with [[3,32,2,2]] symmetry. The Voronoi cell of the E6* lattice is the rectified 122 polytope, and the Voronoi tessellation is a bitruncated 222 honeycomb.[3] It is constructed by 3 copies of the E6 lattice vertices, one from each of the three branches of the Coxeter diagram.

= dual to .

Geometric folding

The group is related to the by a geometric folding, so this honeycomb can be projected into the 4-dimensional 16-cell honeycomb.

{3,3,32,2} {3,3,4,3}

The 222 honeycomb is one of 127 uniform honeycombs (39 unique) with symmetry. 24 of them have doubled symmetry [[3,3,32,2]] with 2 equally ringed branches, and 7 have sextupled (3!) symmetry [[3,32,2,2]] with identical rings on all 3 branches. There are no regular honeycombs in the family since its Coxeter diagram a nonlinear graph, but the 222 and birectified 222 are isotopic, with only one type of facet: 221, and rectified 122 polytopes respectively.

Symmetry Order Honeycombs
[32,2,2] Full

8: , , , , , , , .

[[3,3,32,2]] ×2

24: , , , , , ,

, , , , , ,

, , , , , ,

, , , , , .

[[3,32,2,2]] ×6

7: , , , , , , .

Birectified 222 honeycomb

Birectified 222 honeycomb
(no image)
TypeUniform tessellation
Coxeter symbol0222
Schläfli symbol{32,2,2}
Coxeter diagram
6-face type0221
5-face types022
0211
4-face type021
24-cell 0111
Cell typeTetrahedron 020
Octahedron 011
Face typeTriangle 010
Vertex figureProprism {3}×{3}×{3}
Coxeter group, [[3,32,2,2]]
Propertiesvertex-transitive, facet-transitive

The birectified 222 honeycomb , has rectified 1 22 polytope facets, , and a proprism {3}×{3}×{3} vertex figure.

Its facets are centered on the vertex arrangement of E6* lattice, as:

Construction

The facet information can be extracted from its Coxeter–Dynkin diagram, .

The vertex figure is determined by removing the ringed node and ringing the neighboring node. This makes a proprism {3}×{3}×{3}, .

Removing a node on the end of one of the 3-node branches leaves the 122, its only facet type, .

Removing a second end node defines 2 types of 5-faces: birectified 5-simplex, 022 and birectified 5-orthoplex, 0211.

Removing a third end node defines 2 types of 4-faces: rectified 5-cell, 021, and 24-cell, 0111.

Removing a fourth end node defines 2 types of cells: octahedron, 011, and tetrahedron, 020.

k22 polytopes

The 222 honeycomb, is fourth in a dimensional series of uniform polytopes, expressed by Coxeter as k22 series. The final is a paracompact hyperbolic honeycomb, 322. Each progressive uniform polytope is constructed from the previous as its vertex figure.

k22 figures in n dimensions
Space Finite Euclidean Hyperbolic
n 4 5 6 7 8
Coxeter
group
A2A2 E6 =E6+ =E6++
Coxeter
diagram
Symmetry [[32,2,-1]] [[32,2,0]] [[32,2,1]] [[32,2,2]] [[32,2,3]]
Order 72 1440 103,680
Graph
Name 122 022 122 222 322

The 222 honeycomb is third in another dimensional series 22k.

22k figures of n dimensions
Space Finite Euclidean Hyperbolic
n 4 5 6 7 8
Coxeter
group
A2A2 A5 E6 =E6+ E6++
Coxeter
diagram
Graph
Name 22,-1 220 221 222 223

Notes

  1. "The Lattice E6".
  2. "The Lattice E6".
  3. The Voronoi Cells of the E6* and E7* Lattices Archived 2016-01-30 at the Wayback Machine, Edward Pervin

References

  • Coxeter The Beauty of Geometry: Twelve Essays, Dover Publications, 1999, ISBN 978-0-486-40919-1 (Chapter 3: Wythoff's Construction for Uniform Polytopes)
  • Coxeter Regular Polytopes (1963), Macmillan Company
    • Regular Polytopes, Third edition, (1973), Dover edition, ISBN 0-486-61480-8 (Chapter 5: The Kaleidoscope)
  • Kaleidoscopes: Selected Writings of H.S.M. Coxeter, edited by F. Arthur Sherk, Peter McMullen, Anthony C. Thompson, Asia Ivic Weiss, Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1995, ISBN 978-0-471-01003-6 GoogleBook
    • (Paper 24) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes III, [Math. Zeit. 200 (1988) 345]
  • R. T. Worley, The Voronoi Region of E6*. J. Austral. Math. Soc. Ser. A, 43 (1987), 268–278.
  • Conway, John H.; Sloane, Neil J. A. (1998). Sphere Packings, Lattices and Groups ((3rd ed.) ed.). New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-98585-9. p125-126, 8.3 The 6-dimensional lattices: E6 and E6*
  • Klitzing, Richard. "6D Hexacombs x3o3o3o3o *c3o3o - jakoh".
  • Klitzing, Richard. "6D Hexacombs o3o3x3o3o *c3o3o - ramoh".
Space Family / /
E2 Uniform tiling {3[3]} δ3 hδ3 qδ3 Hexagonal
E3 Uniform convex honeycomb {3[4]} δ4 hδ4 qδ4
E4 Uniform 4-honeycomb {3[5]} δ5 hδ5 qδ5 24-cell honeycomb
E5 Uniform 5-honeycomb {3[6]} δ6 hδ6 qδ6
E6 Uniform 6-honeycomb {3[7]} δ7 hδ7 qδ7 222
E7 Uniform 7-honeycomb {3[8]} δ8 hδ8 qδ8 133331
E8 Uniform 8-honeycomb {3[9]} δ9 hδ9 qδ9 152251521
E9 Uniform 9-honeycomb {3[10]} δ10 hδ10 qδ10
E10 Uniform 10-honeycomb {3[11]} δ11 hδ11 qδ11
En-1 Uniform (n-1)-honeycomb {3[n]} δn hδn qδn 1k22k1k21
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