Bobrov (Russian: Бобро́в), or Bobrova (feminine; Бобро́ва) is a Russian surname, derived from the word "бобер" (beaver). Notable people with the surname include:

• Alexander Bobrov (1850–1904), Russian surgeon
• Fyodor Bobrov (1898–1944), Soviet army officer and Hero of the Soviet Union
• Leonid Bobrov (1920–1988), Soviet aircraft pilot and Hero of the Soviet Union
• Nikolay Alexandrovich Bobrov (1921–1942), Soviet aircraft pilot and Hero of the Soviet Union
• Nikolay Galaktionovich Bobrov (1923–1943), Soviet army officer and Hero of the Soviet Union
• Semyon Bobrov (1767/8–1810), Russian poet
• Viktor Bobrov (ice hockey) (born 1984), Russian ice hockey player
• Viktor Bobrov (painter) (1842–1918), Russian painter
• Vladimir Bobrov (born 1953), Kazakhstani politician
• Vladimir Ivanovich Bobrov (1915–1970), Soviet aircraft pilot and Hero of the Soviet Union, Spanish Republican Air Force air ace
• Vsevolod Bobrov (1922–1979), Russian hockey and football player, trainer
• Yelisey Bobrov (1778–1830), Russian actor
• Yevgeny Bobrov (1867–1933), Russian philosopher
• Yevgeny Grigoryevich Bobrov (1902–1983), Russian botanist
• Ekaterina Bobrova (born 1990), Russian ice dancer
• Lidia Bobrova (born 1952), Russian film director