Bojnord
بجنورد
City
Mofakham Mirror House, Sardar Mofkham Mansion, Jajarmi Mansion
Official seal of Bojnord
Seal
Bojnord is located in Iran
Bojnord
Bojnord
Coordinates: 37°28′20″N 57°19′44″E / 37.47222°N 57.32889°E / 37.47222; 57.32889[1]
CountryIran
ProvinceNorth Khorasan
CountyBojnord
DistrictCentral
Government
 • MayorMohammad Ali Keshmiri
Area
 • City36 km2 (14 sq mi)
Elevation
1,070 m (3,510 ft)
Population
 (2016)[2]
 • Urban
228,931
 • Metro
328,931
Time zoneUTC+03:30 (IRST)
Area code(+98) 58
ClimateBSk
Websitehttp://www.bojnord-city.ir/

Bojnord (Persian: بجنوردⓘ; also romanized Bojnūrd, Bojnoord or Bujnūrd), known in the Middle Ages as Buzanjird,[3][4] is a city in the Central District of Bojnord County, North Khorasan province, Iran, serving as capital of the district, county, and province.[5] It is about 701 km (436 mi) from Tehran.[6] and 237 km away from Mashhad, the capital of Razavi Khorasan province.[7]

At the 2006 census, its population was 172,772 in 44,217 households.[8] The following census in 2011 counted 199,791 people in 56,761 households.[9] The 2016 census showed a population of 228,931 people in 67,335 households.[2]

History

According to local tradition, the whole area was controlled by the Qarai Turks since the Mongol invasion in the 13th century.[10]

Bojnurd is of recent origin and possibly built by the Safavids for the Kurdish Şadiyan tribe who had been settled there to strengthen the Safavid borders against hostile Turkmens. Traditionally, the city was surrounded by a defensive wall and consisted of eleven quarters, bazaars and four mosques.[10]

In 1849, the city saw a revolt which destroyed the city. When traveller G. C. Napier visited the city in 1876, it was noted that the chief of Bojnurd was a Kurd who governed the city without taxation in exchange for military support to the central government in Tehran.[10]

Severe earthquakes in 1896 and 1929 destroyed the city and its surroundings. The city would consequently be rebuilt without historical or recent fortifications in a modern matter.[10] In 1997, a magnitude 6.5 earthquake caused significant damage and many fatalities in the city.[11]

ٔGeography

Bojnourd city, the capital of North Khorasan province with an area of 36 square kilometers, is located in northeastern Iran at 57 degrees and 20 minutes longitude and 37 degrees and 28 minutes latitude south of Kopedagh mountain range and east of Aladagh mountain range and north of Alborz mountain range. Bojnourd is 1070 meters above sea level and its distance to Tehran is 821 kilometers.[12]

Climate

Bojnord has a cold semi-arid climate (BSk) according to the Köppen climate classification.[13]

Climate data for Bojnurd (1977-2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6.2
(43.2)		 7.8
(46.0)		 13.0
(55.4)		 19.8
(67.6)		 24.3
(75.7)		 29.8
(85.6)		 32.5
(90.5)		 31.9
(89.4)		 28.2
(82.8)		 21.4
(70.5)		 14.3
(57.7)		 8.6
(47.5)		 19.8
(67.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) 1.2
(34.2)		 2.6
(36.7)		 7.2
(45.0)		 13.3
(55.9)		 17.6
(63.7)		 22.5
(72.5)		 25.2
(77.4)		 24.3
(75.7)		 20.3
(68.5)		 14.1
(57.4)		 8.3
(46.9)		 3.6
(38.5)		 13.4
(56.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −3.7
(25.3)		 −2.6
(27.3)		 1.4
(34.5)		 6.7
(44.1)		 10.9
(51.6)		 15.2
(59.4)		 17.9
(64.2)		 16.6
(61.9)		 12.5
(54.5)		 6.9
(44.4)		 2.2
(36.0)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 6.9
(44.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 25.1
(0.99)		 32.2
(1.27)		 42.9
(1.69)		 39.1
(1.54)		 33.3
(1.31)		 9.0
(0.35)		 8.7
(0.34)		 5.5
(0.22)		 9.3
(0.37)		 12.4
(0.49)		 26.0
(1.02)		 24.3
(0.96)		 267.8
(10.55)
Average precipitation days 10.6 11.4 12.4 10.8 9.8 3.8 2.4 1.9 2.8 5.3 8.1 9.9 89.2
Average relative humidity (%) 72 71 68 63 58 48 46 43 48 57 67 72 59
Mean monthly sunshine hours 144.4 148.6 164.7 206.8 267.1 309.0 328.5 331.3 281.1 243.2 178.1 142.3 2,745.1
Source 1: World Meteorological Organisation
Source 2:

Colleges and universities

Universities located in Bojnord include:[14]

Notables from Bojnurd

Abdolhossein Teymourtash (Sardar Moazzam Khorasani), a distinguished and influential Iranian politician of the 20th century (Pahlavi dynasty), was born in Bojnord

References

  1. ↑ OpenStreetMap contributors (17 May 2023). "Bojnord, Bojnord County" (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  2. 1 2 "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 28. Archived from the original (Excel) on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  3. ↑ "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Bojnurd, Iran".
  4. ↑ Bojnord can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3056548" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  5. ↑ Habibi, Hassan (21 June 1369). "Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Khorasan province, centered in Mashhad". Islamic Parliament Research Center (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  6. ↑ "Tehran".
  7. ↑ "Distance from Bojnurd to Mashhad". www.distancecalculator.net. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  8. ↑ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 28. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  9. ↑ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)". Syracuse University (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 28. Archived from the original (Excel) on 19 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Ehlers, Eckart; Bosworth, C. E. (1989). "BOJNŪRD". Encyclopedia Iranica. IV.
  11. ↑ "Earthquake Toll Rises in Iran as Aftershocks Hit". Reuters. Tehran, Iran: ReliefWeb. 5 February 1997. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
  12. ↑ "Bojnord". www.visitiran.ir. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  13. ↑ "Köppen Climate Classification: How to Use the Other Plant Map". Lawnstarter. 22 October 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  14. ↑ "دانستنیهایی از استان خراسان شمالی".
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