In British politics, Brownism is the social democratic political ideology of the former Prime Minister and leader of the Labour Party Gordon Brown and those that follow him. Proponents of Brownism are referred to as Brownites.

Ideology

Brownism is understood by Anthony Giddens and others as a social democratic ideology, characterised by its distinction from the ideology of New Labour under Blair, with Brownism generally understood as tolerating less enthusiasm about market driven reforms such as tuition fees and foundation hospitals, more keen on the role of the state,[1] and less critical of Labour's links to the unions.[2] Compared to Blairism, Brownism places more emphasis on constitutional reform, advancing ideas of a "new constitutional settlement", alongside a "robust concern for redistributive politics" with commitments to reducing poverty and expanding the welfare state;[3][4] Will Hutton opined: "Like Tony Blair [Gordon Brown] is a believer in a pluralist and fair society, social mobility, and marrying economic efficiency with social justice".[5]

Brownism retains much of the economic pragmatism of New Labour, characterised by commitments to liberalised markets and "responsible capitalism", with light-touch approaches to financial regulation and tax. Brownite pragmatism was demonstrated during the 2008 Financial Crisis which occurred during the Premiership of Gordon Brown, with the UK Government response comprising the nationalisation of the Royal Bank of Scotland, Lloyds TSB and Northern Rock - with both conservative and left-leaning governments worldwide following this approach.[4] Brown described "the values of fairness, stewardship and cooperation" as underpinning this approach to markets, and has criticised the "weaknesses of unbridled free markets".[6]

On foreign policy, Brownism is characterised by "complexity, inter-connectedness, and cooperation", with focuses on improving globally under-developed regions, improving human rights, and global social justice - particularly through international aid.[7][8] Brownism is additionally characterised by significantly greater hesitance towards liberal interventionism compared to Blairism, with focuses on foreign policy advanced through cooperation, and hesitance towards conflict. It emphasises "duties to discharge and responsibilities to keep" where conflict does take place, and places greater distance towards US foreign policy, while retaining commitments to Atlanticism.[7]

Brownism has been described as lacking an "ideological narrative", something that has been said to have damaged Gordon Brown's "credibility as Labour leader". This has meant that scholars and observers have been able to describe Brownism as neoliberal, while others have described it as social democratic.[4]

Relationship to prior administrations

Gordon Brown succeeded Blair as Prime Minister after Brown's long tenure as the Chancellor of the Exchequer. Although viewed in the media as somewhat personally close, Blair later wrote in his autobiography A Journey that a "maddening" Brown effectively blackmailed him while he was in 10 Downing Street. Blair accused Brown of orchestrating the investigation into the Cash-for-Honours scandal and stated that the personal animosity was so strong that it led him to frequent drinking, a big change for Blair. Blair also has told journalist Andrew Marr that as their years working together went on, co-operation became "hard going on impossible".[9]

Tony Blair criticised the departure from much of New Labour ideology under Gordon Brown's premiership, who blamed it for Labour's defeat in the 2010 UK General Election:

Why did Labour lose the 2010 election? The answer to that, I’m afraid is obvious. Labour won when it was New Labour. It lost because it stopped being New Labour...Had he [Brown] pursued New Labour policy, the personal issue would still have made victory tough, but it wouldn’t have been impossible. Departing from New Labour made it so. Just as the 2005 election was one we were never going to lose, 2010 was one we were never going to win – once the fatal strategic decision was taken to abandon the New Labour position.[3]

Brownites

Other than Brown himself, the following prominent Labour politicians are often considered Brownites, but may not identify themselves as such:

Ed Balls
Harriet Harman
Ed Miliband
Anas Sarwar

See also

References

  1. ↑ "The rise and fall of New Labour". New Statesman. 17 May 2010. Retrieved 23 July 2010.
  2. ↑ Jones, Nicholas (7 September 2006). "UK | UK Politics | Brownites v Blairites – the full story". BBC News. Retrieved 23 July 2010.
  3. 1 2 Heppell, Timothy (2013). "The Fall of the Brown Government, 2010". How Labour Governments Fall: From Ramsay MacDonald to Gordon Brown. The Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 141–149. ISBN 978-1-137-31421-5.
  4. 1 2 3 Beech, Matt (2009). "A puzzle of ideas and policy: Gordon Brown as prime minister". The Brown Government: A Policy Evaluation (1st ed.). Routledge. pp. 8–13. ISBN 9781317966685.
  5. ↑ Hutton, Will (21 June 2006). "How to beat Blair: become a Blairite | Comment is free | guardian.co.uk". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 23 July 2010.
  6. ↑ "Gordon Brown: Economy can emerge stronger". The Telegraph. 18 October 2008. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  7. 1 2 Dyson, Stephen (1 January 2011). "New Labour, Leadership, and Foreign Policy-making after 1997". British Foreign Policy: The New Labour Years (1 ed.). London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 64–65, 76–83. ISBN 978-1-349-32763-8.
  8. ↑ Honeyman, Victoria (1 April 2017). "From liberal interventionism to liberal conservatism: The short road in foreign policy from Blair to Cameron". British Politics. 12 (1): 42–62. doi:10.1057/bp.2015.46. ISSN 1746-9198.
  9. ↑ "Tony Blair: Gordon Brown tried to blackmail me". The Daily Telegraph. 1 September 2010. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  10. ↑ "Profile: Douglas Alexander". The Guardian. 28 June 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  11. ↑ "Brownites ready to back leader from safe seats". The Herald. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  12. 1 2 Millie, Andrew, Moral politics, moral decline and anti-social behaviour, People, Place & Policy Online (2010): 4/1, p 7.
  13. 1 2 3
    Life at the Heart of New Labour – Peter Mandelson
  14. 1 2 news.yahoo.com/14/20100825 – cruddas-backs-david-miliband
  15. ↑ "Labour Insiders Say Prioritising Talent Over Loyalty On His Front Bench Could Be Keir Starmer's Undoing". Politics Home. 3 December 2021. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  16. ↑ "Business View: Blair necessities put Brownite in the limelight". The Independent. 6 May 2006. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  17. ↑ "Labour leader calls on Brown's bruisers". The Herald. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  18. ↑ White, Michael (6 January 2010). "Ballot call over Gordon Brown's leadership – what next?". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
  19. ↑ Carrell, Severin (20 September 2017). "Scottish Labour candidate Anas Sarwar laughs off 'neoliberal Blairite' tag". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
  20. ↑ Mark Oliver and agencies (11 May 2007). "Who are the Brownites? | Politics". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 24 July 2010.
  21. ↑ "Amid the expenses fury, Aida Edemariam shadows her MP, Emily Thornberry". The Guardian. 18 May 2009. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  22. ↑ "Is Charlie Whelan to leave Unite the Union?". Financial Times.
  23. ↑ "Series of political knocks took toll on loyal Brownite, Tom Watson". The Guardian. 2 June 2009. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  24. ↑ https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2013/06/24/stewart-wood_n_3490390.html
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