Burchell's sandgrouse
male
female
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Pterocliformes
Family: Pteroclidae
Genus: Pterocles
Species:
P. burchelli
Binomial name
Pterocles burchelli

Burchell's sandgrouse (Pterocles burchelli) is a species of bird in the family Pteroclidae. It is found in arid and semi-arid regions of southern Africa. The name of this bird commemorates the English naturalist William John Burchell.[2]

Description

Burchell's sandgrouse is a plump bird about the size of a pigeon with a small head and short legs. The body is light brown, mottled with darker shades and white speckles. In males, the eye is surrounded by bare yellow skin and the cheeks and throat are pale grey. The male grows to about 25 cm (10 in) long and the female is a little smaller.[3]

Burchell's sandgrouse is limited by water availability, like many species residing in desert environments. Adult sandgrouse increase gular fluttering and panting for evaporative cooling when approaching the upper critical limit of their thermal neutral zone around 43.8°C.[4] Another adaptation that adult Burchell's sandgrouse have developed is the transport of water in body feathers from a water source back to the nest to water their chicks.[5] Upon arriving at a water source, adult Burchell's sandgrouse first rub their bellies on dry ground to ruffle up their belly feathers, increasing the amount of water the feathers can hold. They then wade into the water and bob up and down to soak up the water in their belly feathers. Males have been observed to hold an average of 22 ml of water, while females can carry an average of 9 ml. Once the water is gathered, Burchell's sandgrouse fly back to the nest and allow their chicks to drink water from their belly feathers.

Distribution and habitat

Burchell's sandgrouse is found in Angola, Namibia, Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe and South Africa. It is normally resident but moves about to a limited extent depending on the availability of water and the seeds it mainly eats. It is widespread and common in much of its range.[6] It frequents areas of rough grass and scrub, especially on red Kalahari sand and has been able to extend its range because of the greater availability of water after the sinking of boreholes by farmers.[7]

Breeding

Burchell's sandgrouse is monogamous and breeds during the dry season between April and October. The nest is formed in a shallow depression in the ground often concealed among grass tussocks or under a bush. It is lined with a few fragments of dry vegetation and two or usually three eggs are laid. Both parents incubate the eggs and the chicks are precocial when they hatch, covered in down and soon able to run after the adult birds. Both parents care for the young and, as in other sandgrouse species, water is brought to them absorbed in the specially adapted feathers that line the parents' breasts.[7]

References

  1. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Pterocles burchelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22693032A93379881. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22693032A93379881.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. ↑ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael (2003). Whose Bird? Men and Women Commemorated in the Common Names of Birds. London: Christopher Helm. p. 72.
  3. ↑ "Burchell's Sandgrouse". BirdForum. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
  4. ↑ McKechnie, Andrew E.; Smit, Ben; Whitfield, Maxine C.; Noakes, Matthew J.; Talbot, William A.; Garcia, Mateo; Gerson, Alexander R.; Wolf, Blair O. (2016-01-01). "Avian thermoregulation in the heat: evaporative cooling capacity in an archetypal desert specialist, Burchell's sandgrouse ( Pterocles burchelli )". Journal of Experimental Biology. doi:10.1242/jeb.139733. ISSN 1477-9145.
  5. ↑ MacLean, Gordon L. (June 1983). "Water Transport by Sandgrouse". BioScience. 33 (6): 365–369. doi:10.2307/1309104.
  6. ↑ BirdLife International 2004. Pterocles burchelli. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived June 27, 2014, at the Wayback Machine Downloaded on 24 July 2007.
  7. 1 2 "Pterocles burchelli (Burchell's sandgrouse)". Biodiversity Explorer. Archived from the original on 2014-05-04. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
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