Eurovision Song Contest 1994
Dates
Final30 April 1994
Host
VenuePoint Theatre,
Dublin, Ireland
Presenter(s)Cynthia Ní Mhurchú
Gerry Ryan
Musical directorNoel Kelehan
Directed byPatrick Cowap
Executive supervisorChristian Clausen
Executive producerMoya Doherty
Host broadcasterRadio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ)
Websiteeurovision.tv/event/dublin-1994
Participants
Number of entries25
Debuting countries
Returning countriesNone
Non-returning countries
Participation map
  • A coloured map of the countries of Europe
         Participating countries     Countries that participated in the past but not in 1994
Vote
Voting systemEach country awarded 12, 10, 8-1 point(s) to their 10 favourite songs
Winning song Ireland
"Rock 'n' Roll Kids"

The Eurovision Song Contest 1994 was the 39th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest, held on 30 April 1994 at the Point Theatre in Dublin, Ireland. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ), and presented by Cynthia Ní Mhurchú and Gerry Ryan, the contest was held in Ireland following the country's victory at the 1993 contest with the song "In Your Eyes" by Niamh Kavanagh. It was the first time that any country had hosted two successive editions of the contest, following the previous year's contest held in Millstreet.

Twenty-five countries participated in the contest, which for the first time featured a relegation system to reduce the number of interested participating countries. Seven new countries participated in the event, with entries from Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia and Slovakia featuring for the first time. However Belgium, Denmark, Israel, Luxembourg, Slovenia and Turkey were unable to compete due to the new relegation rules as the lowest-scoring countries at the previous event, whereas Italy decided against participating by choice.

Ireland won the contest for the third year in a row, represented by the song "Rock 'n' Roll Kids", written by Brendan Graham and performed by Paul Harrington and Charlie McGettigan. It was the first – and as of 2023 only – time that a country had won the event on three consecutive occasions, and was a record sixth win for Ireland, confirming it as the contest's most successful nation at that point by number of wins. Poland, Germany, Hungary and Malta rounded out the top five positions, with Poland achieving the most successful result for a début entry in the contest's history.

The 1994 contest also featured the first appearance of Riverdance. Originally a seven-minute performance of traditional Irish and modern music, choral singing and Irish dancing featured as part of the contest's interval act, it was subsequently developed into a full stage show which has since become a worldwide phenomenon and which has catapulted the careers of its lead dancers Jean Butler and Michael Flatley.

Location

Point Theatre, Dublin – host venue of the 1994 contest (pictured following redevelopment)

The 1994 contest took place in Dublin, Ireland, following the country's victory at the 1993 edition with the song "In Your Eyes", performed by Niamh Kavanagh. It was the fifth time that Ireland had hosted the contest, following the 1971, 1981 and 1988 events also held in Dublin, and the previous year's event held in Millstreet.[1] Ireland thus became the first country to host two successive contests.[2][3]

The selected venue was the Point Theatre, a concert and events venue located among the Dublin Docklands and originally built as a train depot and warehouse to serve the nearby port. Opened as a music venue in 1988, it was closed for redevelopment and expansion in 2008 and is now known as the 3Arena.[3][4] At the time of the contest the arena could seat around 3,200 audience members.[3]

Participating countries

Twenty-five countries were permitted to participate in the contest. As the number of countries interested in participating in the contest grew, and following the use of a qualifying round in the previous year's event, a relegation system was introduced to the contest for the first time, which would prevent the lowest-scoring countries from the previous year's event from participating in the subsequent contest.[3][5] In the summer of 1993 the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) confirmed that the seven lowest-scoring countries in the 1993 event would be barred from entering the 1994 contest, to make way for seven countries which would participate for the first time.[3] As a result, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Israel, Luxembourg, Slovenia, and Turkey were unable to enter the contest, and in the contest's largest single expansion of new participating countries since the first edition in 1956, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia, and Slovakia made their début appearances.[3][5][6] Estonia, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia had all previously participated in the 1993 qualifying round Kvalifikacija za Millstreet.[7] Belgium thus failed to participate in the contest for the first time, leaving Germany and Switzerland as the only countries to have competed in every edition of the contest so far.[3] Later in 1993 Italy's broadcaster RAI subsequently announced that it would not participate in the event, leading to Cyprus being readmitted as the relegated country with the best result at the 1993 contest.[3][8]

Four performers who had competed in previous editions of contests featured among the participating artists at this year's event: Marie Bergman, representing Sweden with Roger Pontare, had been a member of the group Family Four that had represented the country in the 1971 and 1972 contests; Cyprus's Evridiki made a second appearance in the contest, following her entry at the 1992 event; Sigga returned to the contest for Iceland for a third time, having previously competed as part of Stjórnin in 1990 and Heart 2 Heart in 1992; and Elisabeth Andreasson, competing in this event with Jan Werner Danielsen for Norway, also participated for the third time, having been a member of the group Chips, which represented Sweden in 1982, and Bobbysocks!, which had represented Norway and were the winners of the 1985 contest.[9] A number of artists which had previously competed in the contest also returned as backing performers: Rhonda Heath, who was a member of the group Silver Convention that had represented Germany in the 1977 contest, performed as a backing singer for the German entry MeKaDo;[10] and Eyjólfur Kristjánsson, who represented Iceland at the 1991 contest alongside Stefán Hilmarsson, returned as a backing singer for Sigga.[11] Additionally, having supported Malta's William Mangion as backing performers in the previous year's event, Moira Stafrace and Christopher Scicluna returned to the Eurovision stage as the country's entrants at this year's contest.[12]

Participants of the Eurovision Song Contest 1994[9][13][14]
Country Broadcaster Artist Song Language Songwriter(s) Conductor
 Austria ORF Petra Frey "Für den Frieden der Welt" German
Hermann Weindorf
 Bosnia and Herzegovina RTVBiH Alma and Dejan "Ostani kraj mene" Bosnian
Sinan Alimanović
 Croatia HRT Tony Cetinski "Nek' ti bude ljubav sva" Croatian
  • Željen Klašterka
  • Željko Krznarić
 Miljenko Prohaska
 Cyprus CyBC Evridiki "Ime anthropos ki ego" (Είμαι άνθρωπος κι εγώ) Greek George Theofanous George Theofanous
 Estonia ETV Silvi Vrait "Nagu merelaine" Estonian Urmas Lattikas
 Finland YLE CatCat "Bye Bye Baby" Finnish[lower-alpha 1]
  • Markku "Make" Lentonen
  • Kari Salli
 Olli Ahvenlahti
 France France Télévision Nina Morato "Je suis un vrai garçon" French
Alain Goraguer
 Germany MDR[lower-alpha 2] Mekado "Wir geben 'ne Party" German[lower-alpha 1] Norbert Daum
 Greece ERT Kostas Bigalis and the Sea Lovers "To trehandiri (Diri Diri)" (Το τρεχαντήρι (Ντίρι Ντίρι)) Greek Kostas Bigalis Noel Kelehan
 Hungary MTV Friderika "Kinek mondjam el vétkeimet?" Hungarian Szilveszter Jenei Péter Wolf
 Iceland RÚV Sigga "Nætur" Icelandic Frank McNamara
 Ireland RTÉ Paul Harrington and Charlie McGettigan "Rock 'n' Roll Kids" English Brendan Graham No conductor
 Lithuania LRT Ovidijus Vyšniauskas "Lopšinė mylimai" Lithuanian
Tomas Leiburas
 Malta PBS Moira Stafrace and Christopher Scicluna "More than Love" English Anthony Chircop
 Netherlands NOS Willeke Alberti "Waar is de zon" Dutch
  • Coot van Doesburgh
  • Edwin Schimscheimer
 Harry van Hoof
 Norway NRK Elisabeth Andreasson and Jan Werner Danielsen "Duett" Norwegian
Pete Knutsen
 Poland TVP Edyta Górniak "To nie ja!" Polish[lower-alpha 3]
  • Jacek Cygan
  • Stanisław Syrewicz
 Noel Kelehan
 Portugal RTP Sara "Chamar a música" Portuguese
Thilo Krasmann
 Romania TVR Dan Bittman "Dincolo de nori" Romanian
Noel Kelehan
 Russia RTR Youddiph "Vechny strannik"[lower-alpha 4] (Вечный странник) Russian
Lev Zemlinski
 Slovakia STV Martin Ďurinda and Tublatanka "Nekonečná pieseň" Slovak Vladimír Valovič
 Spain TVE Alejandro Abad "Ella no es ella" Spanish Alejandro Abad Josep Llobell
 Sweden SVT Marie Bergman and Roger Pontare "Stjärnorna" Swedish
  • Peter Bertilsson
  • Mikael Littwold
 Anders Berglund
  Switzerland SRG SSR Duilio "Sto pregando" Italian Giuseppe Scaramella Valeriano Chiaravalle
 United Kingdom BBC Frances Ruffelle "We Will Be Free (Lonely Symphony)" English
  • George De Angelis
  • Mark Dean
 Michael Reed

Production and format

The Eurovision Song Contest 1994 was produced by the Irish public broadcaster Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ). Moya Doherty served as executive producer, Patrick Cowap served as director, Paula Farrell served as designer, and Noel Kelehan served as musical director, leading the RTÉ Concert Orchestra.[6][16][17] A separate musical director could be nominated by each country to lead the orchestra during their performance, with the host musical director also available to conduct for those countries which did not nominate their own conductor.[9]

Each participating broadcaster submitted one song, which was required to be no longer than three minutes in duration and performed in the language, or one of the languages, of the country which it represented.[18][19] A maximum of six performers were allowed on stage during each country's performance, and all participants were required to have reached the age of 16 in the year of the contest.[18][20] Each entry could utilise all or part of the live orchestra and could use instrumental-only backing tracks, however any backing tracks used could only include the sound of instruments featured on stage being mimed by the performers.[20][21]

Following the confirmation of the twenty-five competing countries, the draw to determine the running order was held on 16 November 1993 at the Point Theatre and was conducted by Niamh Kavanagh and Fionnuala Sweeney.[3][22][23]

The results of the 1994 contest were determined through the same scoring system as had first been introduced in 1975: each country awarded twelve points to its favourite entry, followed by ten points to its second favourite, and then awarded points in decreasing value from eight to one for the remaining songs which featured in the country's top ten, with countries unable to vote for their own entry.[24] The points awarded by each country were determined by an assembled jury of sixteen individuals, which was required to be split evenly between members of the public and music professionals, between men and women, and by age. Each jury member voted in secret and awarded between one and ten votes to each participating song, excluding that from their own country and with no abstentions permitted. The votes of each member were collected following the country's performance and then tallied by the non-voting jury chairperson to determine the points to be awarded. In any cases where two or more songs in the top ten received the same number of votes, a show of hands by all jury members was used to determine the final placing.[25][26]

With the Point Theatre situated on the banks of the river Liffey, rivers was an integral part of the overall creative vision for the show and was a key theme of the opening and interval acts as well as the stage design.[27] Paula Farrell's design, which was four times the size of the stage constructed for the Millstreet contest, provided a scene of a futuristic Dublin at night, featuring representations of skyscrapers which incorporated video screens and lighting effects and underfloor lighting representing the Liffey and Dublin Bay. On either side of the stage podium-lined platforms were used by the presenters in-between songs and during the voting segment.[8][28][29][30]

Rehearsals at the contest venue began on 25 April 1994. Each participating delegation took part in two technical rehearsals in the week approach the contest, with countries rehearsing in the order in which they would perform. In each country's first rehearsal, held on 25 and 26 April, the delegations were provided with a 15-minute stage-call to prepare the stage and to brief the orchestra, followed by a 25-minute rehearsal. This was then followed by an opportunity to review footage of the rehearsal on video screens and to conduct a 20-minute press conference. The second rehearsals on 27 and 28 April consisted of a 10-minute stage-call and a 20 minute rehearsal. Three dress rehearsals were held with all artists, two in the afternoon and evening of 29 April and one final rehearsal in the afternoon of 30 April, with an audience present at the evening rehearsal on 29 April. The competing delegations were additionally invited to a welcome reception during the week of the event, held on the evening of 25 April in the Dining Hall of Trinity College Dublin.[3]

During the final dress rehearsal on 30 April, the Polish entrant Edyta Górniak performed the second half of her song "To nie ja!" in English. As this rehearsal was also heard by the juries this constituted a break of the contest rules. Although discussions were held on whether to sanction or disqualify the country, Poland was ultimately allowed to compete.[6][8][9]

Contest overview

Edyta Górniak (pictured in 2009), the first artist to represent Poland in Eurovision, finished in second place and achieved the most successful result for a début country in the contest's history.

The contest took place on 30 April 1994 at 20:00 (IST) and lasted 3 hours and 3 minutes. The show was presented by the Irish journalist and television presenter Cynthia Ní Mhurchú and the Irish radio and television presenter Gerry Ryan.[6][9] Ní Mhurchú and Ryan had been considered as hosts for the 1993 event before the eventual choice of Fionnuala Sweeney.[31]

The contest was opened with a segment by the Galway-based arts and theatre company Macnas, featuring a mixture of pre-recorded and live footage of a replica Viking longship on the river Liffey, and dancers, flag-bearers and performers in caricature masks of notable Irish personalities in various locations in central Dublin and in the Point Theatre.[3][32][33][34] The interval act, "Riverdance", was a seven-minute composition by the Irish composer Bill Whelan, and took inspiration from "Timedance", the interval act from the 1981 contest also held in Dublin.[35] "Riverdance" featured a mix of traditional Irish and modern music by the RTÉ Concert Orchestra, choral singing from the Celtic ensemble Anúna, and Irish dancing led by the Irish-American dancers Jean Butler and Michael Flatley.[36][37] The trophy awarded to the winners, entitled "Wavelength", was designed by the Irish sculptor Grace Weir of the Temple Bar Gallery, and was presented by the previous year's winning artist Niamh Kavanagh.[32][38][39]

The winner was Ireland represented by the song "Rock 'n' Roll Kids", written by Brendan Graham and performed by Paul Harrington and Charlie McGettigan. This marked Ireland's sixth contest win – a new contest record – and also gave the country its third win in a row – the first time a country had won three successive contests.[5][40][25] "Rock 'n' Roll Kids" became the highest scoring winner in Eurovision history to date with 226 points, and was the first song to receive over 200 points. It was also the first time that a song had won without using the orchestra. Harrington and McGettigan additionally became the oldest winning performers and the first winning male duo.[5][8][25] First-time participating countries Poland, Hungary and Russia all finished in the top ten, placing second, fourth and ninth respectively, with Poland achieving the most successful début performance of any country in the contest's history.[2][41] Lithuania conversely scored nul points with its first ever entry.[42]

Results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1994[25][41]
R/O Country Artist Song Points Place
1  Sweden Marie Bergman and Roger Pontare "Stjärnorna" 48 13
2  Finland CatCat "Bye Bye Baby" 11 22
3  Ireland Paul Harrington and Charlie McGettigan "Rock 'n' Roll Kids" 226 1
4  Cyprus Evridiki "Ime anthropos ki ego" 51 11
5  Iceland Sigga "Nætur" 49 12
6  United Kingdom Frances Ruffelle "We Will Be Free (Lonely Symphony)" 63 10
7  Croatia Tony Cetinski "Nek' ti bude ljubav sva" 27 16
8  Portugal Sara "Chamar a música" 73 8
9   Switzerland Duilio "Sto pregando" 15 19
10  Estonia Silvi Vrait "Nagu merelaine" 2 24
11  Romania Dan Bittman "Dincolo de nori" 14 21
12  Malta Moira Stafrace and Christopher Scicluna "More than Love" 97 5
13  Netherlands Willeke Alberti "Waar is de zon" 4 23
14  Germany Mekado "Wir geben 'ne Party" 128 3
15  Slovakia Martin Ďurinda and Tublatanka "Nekonečná pieseň" 15 19
16  Lithuania Ovidijus Vyšniauskas "Lopšinė mylimai" 0 25
17  Norway Elisabeth Andreasson and Jan Werner Danielsen "Duett" 76 6
18  Bosnia and Herzegovina Alma and Dejan "Ostani kraj mene" 39 15
19  Greece Kostas Bigalis and the Sea Lovers "To trehandiri (Diri Diri)" 44 14
20  Austria Petra Frey "Für den Frieden der Welt" 19 17
21  Spain Alejandro Abad "Ella no es ella" 17 18
22  Hungary Friderika "Kinek mondjam el vétkeimet?" 122 4
23  Russia Youddiph "Vechny strannik"[lower-alpha 4] 70 9
24  Poland Edyta Górniak "To nie ja!" 166 2
25  France Nina Morato "Je suis un vrai garçon" 74 7

Spokespersons

Each country nominated a spokesperson who was responsible for announcing, in English or French, the votes for their respective country.[18] For the first time the spokespersons were connected to the venue via satellite rather than through telephone lines, allowing them to appear in vision during the broadcast.[2][6][25] Spokespersons at the 1994 contest are listed below.[32]

  1.  Sweden – Marianne Anderberg[43]
  2.  Finland – Solveig Herlin
  3.  Ireland – Eileen Dunne[44]
  4.  Cyprus – Anna Partelidou
  5.  Iceland – Sigríður Arnardóttir
  6.  United Kingdom – Colin Berry[25]
  7.  Croatia – Helga Vlahović[45]
  8.  Portugal – Isabel Bahia
  9.   Switzerland – Sandra Studer
  10.  Estonia – Urve Tiidus[46]
  11.  Romania – Cristina Țopescu
  12.  Malta – John Demanuele[47]
  13.  Netherlands – Joop van Os
  14.  Germany – Carmen Nebel
  15.  Slovakia – Juraj Čurný
  16.  Lithuania – Gitana Lapinskaitė[48]
  17.  Norway – Sverre Christophersen
  18.  Bosnia and Herzegovina – Diana Grković-Foretić
  19.  Greece – Fotini Giannoulatou
  20.  Austria – Tilia Herold
  21.  Spain – María Ángeles Balañac
  22.  Hungary – Iván Bradányi
  23.  Russia – Irina Klenskaya
  24.  Poland – Jan Chojnacki
  25.  France – Laurent Romejko

Detailed voting results

Jury voting was used to determine the points awarded by all countries.[25] The announcement of the results from each country was conducted in the order in which they performed, with the spokespersons announcing their country's points in English or French in ascending order.[32][25] The detailed breakdown of the points awarded by each country is listed in the tables below.

Detailed voting results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1994[25][49][50]
Total score
Sweden
Finland
Ireland
Cyprus
Iceland
United Kingdom
Croatia
Portugal
Switzerland
Estonia
Romania
Malta
Netherlands
Germany
Slovakia
Lithuania
Norway
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Greece
Austria
Spain
Hungary
Russia
Poland
France
Contestants
 Sweden 48272365510512
Finland 11110
Ireland 226107812101212121085121261012101010101288
Cyprus 51103525124253
Iceland 498166331336144
United Kingdom 631568852432413353
Croatia 2710125
Portugal 7355888513127416
Switzerland 15825
Estonia 22
Romania 14626
Malta 9746102174671013107127
Netherlands 44
Germany 128635677101031247417281277
Slovakia 15123
Lithuania 0
Norway 76731014318472161558
Bosnia and Herzegovina 3924787110
Greece 4424126415442
Austria 19173215
Spain 175282
Hungary 122121212102514421078383127
Russia 70434512135663466101
Poland 1668716128710127281041268128612
France 7432456688727106

12 points

The below table summarises how the maximum 12 points were awarded from one country to another. The winning country is shown in bold. Ireland received the maximum score of 12 points from eight of the voting countries, with Poland receiving five sets of 12 points, Hungary receiving four sets, Germany two sets, and Croatia, Cyprus, Malta, Portugal and Slovakia each receiving one maximum score.[49][50]

Distribution of 12 points awarded at the Eurovision Song Contest 1994[49][50]
N. Contestant Nation(s) giving 12 points
8  Ireland Croatia,  Germany,  Iceland,  Netherlands,  Norway,  Portugal,  Russia,   Switzerland
5  Poland Austria,  Estonia,  France,  Lithuania,  United Kingdom
4  Hungary Ireland,  Finland,  Poland,  Sweden
2  Germany Hungary,  Romania
1  Croatia Slovakia
 Cyprus Greece
 Greece Cyprus
 Malta Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Portugal Spain
 Slovakia Malta

Broadcasts

Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating EBU member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants". Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers.[20] Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.

Broadcasters and commentators in participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref(s)
 Austria ORF ORF 1 Ernst Grissemann [51][52]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina RTVBiH
 Croatia HRT HRT 1 Aleksandar Kostadinov [53][54]
 Cyprus CyBC Evi Papamichail [55]
 Estonia ETV Vello Rand [56][57]
 Finland YLE TV1 Erkki Pohjanheimo and Kirsi-Maria Niemi [58]
Riksradion
 France France Télévision France 2 Patrice Laffont [59]
 Germany ARD Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen Jan Hofer [51]
 Greece ERT Dafni Bokota [60]
 Hungary MTV MTV2 István Vágó [61]
 Iceland RÚV Sjónvarpið Jakob Frímann Magnússon [62]
 Ireland RTÉ RTÉ 1 Pat Kenny [63][64]
RTÉ Radio 1 Larry Gogan
 Lithuania LRT LTV [65]
 Malta PBS TVM [66]
 Netherlands NOS Nederland 3 Willem van Beusekom [67]
 Norway NRK NRK Fjernsynet, NRK P1 Jostein Pedersen [68][69]
 Poland TVP TVP1 Artur Orzech [65][70]
 Portugal RTP RTP Canal 1 Eládio Clímaco [71][72]
 Romania TVR TVR1 Gabriela Cristea [73][74]
 Russia RTR RTR Sergey Antipov [75]
 Slovakia STV
 Spain TVE La Primera José Luis Uribarri [76][77][78]
 Sweden SVT Kanal 1 Pekka Heino [43][68]
SR SR P3, SR P4 Claes-Johan Larsson and Lisa Syrén [43]
  Switzerland SRG SSR SF DRS Bernard Thurnheer [51]
TSR Chaîne nationale Jean-Marc Richard
TSI Canale nazionale
 United Kingdom BBC BBC1 Terry Wogan [9][79]
BBC Radio 2 Ken Bruce [9][80]
Broadcasters and commentators in non-participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref(s)
 Australia SBS SBS TV[lower-alpha 5] [81]
 Belgium BRTN TV2 André Vermeulen [82][83]
RTBF RTBF1 Jean-Pierre Hautier [82][84]
 Denmark DR DR TV Jørgen de Mylius [85]
 Israel IBA Channel 1 [86]
 Slovenia RTVSLO SLO 1, Val 202 [87]
 Turkey TRT TRT 1 [88]

Legacy

Michael Flatley featured as part of the contest's interval act "Riverdance", which was subsequently developed into a worldwide hit stage show.

Although the winning song had modest success, peaking in the Irish Singles Chart at number 2 and also entering the Dutch and Flemish charts following the contest,[89][90] it was largely overshadowed by the contest's interval act. The music to "Riverdance" was subsequently released as a single shortly after the contest and shot straight to number 1 on the Irish charts where it remained for 18 weeks.[91][92] As of 2023 "Riverdance" remains the second best selling single in Ireland ever, behind Elton John's "Something About the Way You Look Tonight"/"Candle in the Wind 1997".[92][93] An invite was subsequently given to feature the original seven-minute performance at the Royal Variety Performance in November 1994 at the Dominion Theatre in London in the presence of Prince Charles.[94] At the same time preparations were underway to develop the seven-minute performance into a stage show, preparations led by Moya Doherty, who had been the executive producer of Eurovision 1994, and her husband John McColgan.[95][96] Opening in February 1995 at the Point Theatre and featuring original lead dancers Michael Flatley and Jean Butler, the full length show ran for an initial run of five weeks, with tickets selling out within three days of going on sale, followed by another sold-out run at the Hammersmith Apollo in London and in March 1996 its first performance in the United States, at the Radio City Music Hall in New York City.[92][97][98] It is estimated that Riverdance has now been seen live by over 27.5 million people at performances worldwide, and that over 10 million home videos of Riverdance performances have been sold.[95]

The relegation system introduced to the contest in this edition continued to be used in various forms for the next ten years and allowed even more new countries to join the event, with Macedonia, Latvia and Ukraine competing for the first time in 1998, 2000 and 2003 respectively.[99][100][101] However as the contest continued to develop, and as even more countries began to express an interest in competing, the relegation system proved unable to meet the needs required to allow for an equitable solution for all countries. Ultimately this led to the introduction of a semi-final to the contest format in 2004, allowing all interested countries to participate once again, which was eventually expanded to two semi-finals from 2008.[5][102][103]

Notes and references

Notes

  1. 1 2 Contains some words in English
  2. ↑ On behalf of the German public broadcasting consortium ARD[15]
  3. ↑ The song was submitted to the contest in Polish, but the second verse and the second chorus had been performed in English for the rehearsal during which the jurors cast their votes. The song was performed fully in Polish during the live broadcast.
  4. 1 2 On-screen captions used the English title "Eternal Wanderer"
  5. ↑ Deferred broadcast on 1 May at 20:30 AEST (10:30 UTC)[81]

References

  1. ↑ "Ireland – Participation history". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 "18 years ago today - Ireland makes it three in a row". European Broadcasting Union. 30 April 2012. Archived from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Roxburgh, Gordon (2020). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Four: The 1990s. Prestatyn, United Kingdom: Telos Publishing. pp. 168–170. ISBN 978-1-84583-163-9.
  4. ↑ "3Arena Dublin - About, History & Hotels Near". O'Callaghan Collection. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Jordan, Paul (18 September 2016). "Milestone Moments: 1993/4 - The Eurovision Family expands". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 13 May 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 "Dublin 1994 – Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 2 November 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  7. ↑ Roxburgh, Gordon (2020). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Four: The 1990s. Prestatyn, United Kingdom: Telos Publishing. pp. 131–135. ISBN 978-1-84583-163-9.
  8. 1 2 3 4 O'Connor, John Kennedy (2010). The Eurovision Song Contest: The Official History (2nd ed.). London, United Kingdom: Carlton Books. pp. 136–139. ISBN 978-1-84732-521-1.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Roxburgh, Gordon (2020). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Four: The 1990s. Prestatyn, United Kingdom: Telos Publishing. pp. 170–178. ISBN 978-1-84583-163-9.
  10. ↑ Escudero, Victor M. (11 May 2017). "Eurovision continues to unite states". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 11 May 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  11. ↑ Egan, John (18 October 2017). "Upcycling At The Eurovision Song Contest: How To Get The Most Out Of Your Local Music Industry". ESC Insight. Archived from the original on 30 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  12. ↑ Agius, Monique (18 February 2022). "Musician and singer, Chris Scicluna, passes away aged 62". Newsbook Malta. Archived from the original on 19 February 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
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