World Mission Society Church of God
하나님의교회 세계복음선교협회
A 2011 acquired church building in the USA at Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C.[1]
AbbreviationWMSCOG
ClassificationChristian new religious movement
OrientationRestorationist
TheologyNew Covenant
General PastorKim Joo-Cheol
God the MotherZahng Gil-jah
God the FatherAhn Sahng-hong
RegionWorldwide
Headquarters"WMC Assembly Building" (37°22′49″N 127°07′03″E / 37.3804°N 127.1175°E / 37.3804; 127.1175)[2] in Sunae, Bundang, 25 km southeast of Seoul center, Korea
FounderAhn Sahng-hong
OriginApril 28, 1964 (1964-04-28)
South Korea
Separated from"Witnesses of Jesus Church of God" on June 2, 1985[3]
Congregationsmore than 7,500[4]
Members3,300,000[4]
Other name(s)"Church of God", "Witnesses of Ahn Sahng-hong Church of God"
Official websitewatv.org
SloganWe Love You[5]
Main church is the 2014 acquired "New Jerusalem Pangyo Temple" (37°23′02″N 127°06′31″E / 37.3839°N 127.1087°E / 37.3839; 127.1087),[2] also in Bundang, 25 km southeast of Seoul center

The World Mission Society Church of God is a new religious movement originated in South Korea in 1964.[6][7][8][9] After Ahn Sahng-hong died in 1985, Kim Joo-cheol and Zahng Gil-jah changed the church's name to Witnesses of Ahn Sahng-hong Church of God.[10][11] Thereafter, the Church expanded its activities to other parts of the world, and began using the name World Mission Society Church of God. Its headquarters as well as its main church are located in the southeast of the Seoul metropolitan area (see end of infobox).[8][2]

The church believes in Christ Ahn Sahng-hong, as well as God the Mother, Zahng Gil-jah, as God. The church also believes it is restoring the truth of the early church.[12]

Name

World Mission Society Church of God, or short Church of God, is the name used identically in affiliated churches distributed across Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, North America and South America.

History

Ahn Sahng-hong founded Church of God Jesus Witnesses in South Korea on 28 April 1964.[6][7] After Ahn Sahng-hong died in February 1985, a group of people in the Church of God Jesus Witnesses including the man Kim Joo-cheol and the woman Zahng Gil-jah wanted to re-introduce the concept of a "spiritual mother", and on 22 March 1985 moved from Busan to Seoul.[13][14][15] On a meeting in Seoul on 2 June 1985, they discussed how to call Zahng Gil-jah, and established a church called Witnesses of Ahn Sahng-hong Church of God which is led by Kim Joo-cheol and Zahng Gil-jah.[10][11] Two major new doctrines were codified:[16][17]

A change in religious practice, as reflected in the change of name from "Jesus Witnesses" to "Witnesses of Ahn Sahng-hong", was, that prayers were no longer conducted in the name of Jesus Christ but in the name of Christ Ahn Sahng-hong.[13]

Around 1997, Witnesses of Ahn Sahng-hong Church of God had established a non-profit organization titled the World Mission Society Church of God for the purpose of registering and managing the organization's assets.[20][21]

Development

History Outline
Year# of Churches
19641
19704
198013
199030
2000300
20132,500
At present it records to have over 7,500 churches

South Korea

In 1970, the church grew to four churches. In 1980, the church grew to 13 locations and increased to 30 in 1990. There was sharp increase of the growth in 2000 where it recorded 300 established churches and 400,000 registered members in South Korea. The church currently claims "more than 400 branches were established in Korea alone, within a half century after its establishment."[22]

Abroad

The Church of God started to spread abroad in 1997 starting in Los Angeles, Lahore, and Essen. In 2007 it recorded over 100 churches abroad and in 2008 it recorded over one million registered members.[23] By 2013 the church claims to have expanded to 2,500 churches in "about 175 countries."[24]

Current status

A media outlet owned by the Church of God reports to have more than 7,500 churches, 3.3 million registered members in the world 175 countries.[4]

An external account mentions that the number of church members is estimated to have only been around 100,000 in 2013, contrary to Kim Joo-cheol's claims.[16]

Beliefs and practices

The church believes in God the Father and God the Mother,[25] claiming to be restoring the truth and practices of the early Church.[12] The church also believes that co-founder Zahng Gil-jah is God the Mother, as taught by the founder Ahn Sahng-hong.[26]

The World Mission Society Church of God believes that all of its teachings are based on the Bible, as explained in the numerous books written by Ahn Sahng-hong.

Second coming of Christ

The Church believes that Ahn Sahng-hong is the Second Coming of Jesus, who came with a new name, the name of the Holy Spirit and it states that he fulfilled biblical prophecies that only Jesus could have fulfilled.[27]

Matthew 24:32–34：「From the fig tree learn its lesson: as soon as its branch becomes tender and puts forth its leaves, you know that summer is near. So also, when you see all these things, you know that he is near, at the very gates. Truly I tell you, this generation will not pass away until all these things have taken place.」[lower-alpha 1]

In addition, the church believes that the Elohim (meaning "Gods") created all things in heaven and earth, created men and women in accordance with Gods' image, proving the existence of God in male images and God in female images, and claimed that the bride and Jerusalem represented Mother God Zahng Gil-jah.[29]

Feast days

The church celebrates the seven feasts described in Leviticus 23: Passover, Unleavened Bread, First Fruits, Feast of Weeks, Feast of Trumpets, Day of Atonement, and Feast of Tabernacles.[30] The church believes that they observe these feasts according to the New Covenant established by Jesus, by distinguishing from the feasts kept in the Old Testament.

Sabbath

It believes in the Saturday Sabbath according to Genesis 2:1–3 but celebrates it not from sunset to sunset but from sunrise to sunset. It considers the Sabbath to be a sign between God and God's people according to Ezekiel 20:12 and Exodus 31:13, and it must be kept as a service according to Luke 4:16.[31]

Members are encouraged to keep the three services on the Sabbath day.[31] Between services, members participate in various church-related activities such as Bible studies, watching church produced videos, or preaching in the local community.

Idolatry

The Church replaced the stained glass windows of this Washington D.C. church with clear glass.[1]

According to the church's interpretation of Exodus 20:4, items such as crosses and statues are considered a form of idolatry and are not erected on or in their churches.[32] The Church has likewise removed stained glass windows from existing churches, as images made of light are seen as being connected to sun worship.[1]

Human origin and redemption

The Church believes that all human beings were originally created as angels in Heaven. They sinned against God and were sent to Earth as a second chance to return to God. The only way for humans to return to heaven is by keeping the Passover with bread and wine (Jesus' flesh and blood) and following the teachings of the Bible, as taught by Ahn Sahng-hong. They include believing in God the Mother, who is the Bride to give them life in the last days.[33]

Baptism

The World Mission Society Church of God holds that baptism is the first step towards salvation and must be done in the name of the Father (Jehovah), of the Son (Jesus), and the name of the Holy Spirit, believed to be Ahn Sahng-hong.

18 Then Jesus came to them and said, "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. 19 Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, 20 and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age." – Matthew 28:18–20

Prayer

The Church believes that prayer must be done in the name of the Holy Spirit Ahn Sahng-hong in the last days and that women must wear veils, according to 1 Corinthians 11:1–16 while they pray.

Evangelism

Members travel from house to house and in shopping malls, hospitals and college campuses to share their beliefs in the bible.

Critics note that the group's recruiting efforts can be very aggressive, and target vulnerable people, especially those going through a major life transition or with a void in their lives. Some have alleged that the group targets those with greater access to money. College students and returning veterans have been particularly targeted.[34][35][36]

Some aggressive WMSCOG recruiters have created concern on college campuses, where young women seem to be their primary target, proselytized emphatically with the church's "Mother God" doctrine. Some of these recruiters have been banned from some college campuses in the U.S. for "trespassing" or proselytizing without permission.[37][38][39][40]

Comparisons to traditional Christianity

The World Mission Society Church of God holds many views differing from mainstream Christianity. The church says it observes holy days according to the dates of the sacred calendar in the Old Testament as the early church did in the time of Jesus.[41] They also believe that God the Father and God the Mother have come in the flesh in South Korea, according to Bible prophesies. These beliefs have attracted some criticism of the church. The church teaches that this is the same persecution that the early Christians received for believing in Jesus in the flesh at his first coming.[42]

Responding to an inquiry, the WMSCOG issued a statement that "the biggest difference between our Church and other churches" is that "we believe in God the Mother as well as God the Father. (…) According to the prophecies of the Bible, God the Mother is to appear in the last age of redemption."[34]

The deification of Ahn Sahng-hong and Zahng Gil-jah has been "harshly criticized,"[21] and has led to the church being officially condemned by the National Council of Churches in Korea as an interdenominationally combatted, blasphemous, heretical cult.[43][44] The Christian Council of Korea, which represents Protestant churches in South Korea, has denounced the WMSCOG as "heretical."[8][38]

Awards

UK ZION, a World Mission Society Church of God chapter, was awarded The Queen's Award for Voluntary Service in 2016.[45][46][47][48]

Criticism and controversy

The World Mission Society Church of God is one of many controversial grassroots religious movements that have rapidly emerged in South Korea the latter half of the 20th century.[49] Other groups include the Good News Mission (also known as Guwonpa) and the Shincheonji Church.[49] These groups have been criticized for their recruitment strategies where women, university students, and ethnic minorities are targeted.[49]

The group has been publicly criticized, by some former members and cult researchers, as acting like a cult, exercising unusual control over its members, separating them from family and friends, and exploiting them excessively, while violating laws and avoiding transparency and accountability.[34][35][50][51]

1988 failed doomsday prophecy

Witnesses of Ahn Sahng-hong Church of God announced that "1988 is the end of the world" citing Matthew 24:32–34, as Ahn had done in his 1980 book The Mystery of God and the Spring of the Water of Life.[52][53][54] A few thousand members of Witnesses of Ahn Sahng-hong Church of God gathered on a mountain in Sojeong-myeon, Yeongi County, South Chungcheong Province awaiting the coming of Christ Ahn Sahng-hong, preparing for the rapture and the salvation of 144,000 souls. When Ahn failed to appear and nothing happened the church updated their apocalyptic forecast and scheduled it to the opening of the 1988 Olympics in Seoul later that year where the members gathered and preached the end of the world would come by the end of 1988 and that Ahn Sahng Hong would come again. The WMSCOG later claimed it was a fulfillment of the preaching of Jonah.[13][14]: 77 [15][20][55]: 342 [56]: 494 [57]

At least two former members in South Korea accused Zahng Gil-jah and Kim Joo-cheol who declared 1988, 1999 and 2012 as the end of the world in order to defraud members for more wealth.[58]

Change in Ahn Sahng-hong's book

The Mystery of God and the Spring of the Water of Life (1980) is 38 chapters in total. The WMSCOG removed three chapters from "The Mystery of God and the Spring of the Water of Life", namely Chapter 1: Restoration of Jerusalem and the Prophecy of 40 Years, Chapter 11: Let Us Reveal the Truth from the History Books About the Church, and Chapter 36: Elijah Will Be Sent[59][60]

The "New Covenant Passover Church of God" (NCPCOG) which is the group that has split with the WMSCOG,[3] claimed that the WMSCOG had changed the first edition dates of "The Mystery of God and the Spring of the Water of Life",[60][61] "The Last Plagues and the Seal of God" and "Visitors from the Angelic World" to 1967 once upon a time.[62][63] The NCPCOG also refuted the claim by the WMSCOG that Ahn Sahng-hong had the book "The Law of Moses and the Law of Christ",[64] and said that Ahn Sahng-hong has never published this book, but it seems to have been compiled with reference to Ahn Sahng-hong's book "The New Testament and the Old Testament".[65]

People magazine inquiry

In December 2015, People magazine published an interview with former member Michele Colon, who had attended the WMSCOG church in Ridgewood, New Jersey for two years, and later sued the organization. Colon, who was generally contradicted by the church but generally corroborated in interviews with six other former WMSCOG members, described the WMSCOG as a "doomsday cult" that is "opportunistic." She said they try to recruit people who are going through a life transition period, or have a void in their lives "and they will fill it." She said WMSCOG manipulated members with "fear and guilt," and constant repetitions. She reported that the church "micromanaged" her life, and expected that all her time be spent there, controlling her music-listening and forbidding her from using the internet.[34][35]

Colon said church leaders do not tell members, until they seem fully committed, that their "God the Mother" is actually a living South Korean woman in her 70s, known by multiple names and various spiritual titles, who is apparently the widow of the deceased founder, Ahn Sahng-hong.[34][35]

At least one former member has sued them for urging her to have an abortion, and others have accused the church of discouraging pregnancy in anticipation that the world would end in 2012.[34][35]

Lawsuits

Court document on a lawsuit filed by a former member.

Michele Colon, a nurse from New Jersey, claimed, in a civil suit filed against WMSCOG in New Jersey, in 2013, that the group is a "profit-making" cult, and claimed it "uses a number of psychological control tactics … to prevent its members from exposing its criminal and tortious behavior."[34][66]

However, Colon's lawsuit was almost entirely rejected by the district and appellate state courts. Colon's claims, the court ruled, depended upon her claim that the WMSCOG is a "cult", not a "church" — a determination that the courts ruled they were not allowed to make, by law. The courts, largely citing the "religious freedom" element of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, particularly the judicial church autonomy doctrine (forbidding courts to inquire into "the facts and circumstances which intrude into church doctrine, affairs, and management"), the appellate court ruled that:[67]

Each claim springs from Colón's contention that WMSCOG is a cult, not a church, and that she was essentially defrauded by this cult. The conflict arises from her disagreement about the manner in which the church implemented its doctrinal beliefs, managed its clergy and parishioners, and invested donations. Therefore Colón's complaint necessarily required the court to examine the interior workings and structure of the church, a constitutionally unacceptable process.

Paralyzing the telephone of Wonju municipal government

The WMSCOG originally planned to purchase an LH office building in the city of Wonju in Gangwon, Korea planning to make it a religious place. Upon learning of this, the local residents formed the "Church of God residents emergency response committee" to oppose the church's actions. After that, the Wonju municipal government refused to allow the building to be used as a religious institution.[68] As a result, from May 30 to June 1, 2016, the Wonju municipal government received more than 30,000 calls from members of the WMSCOG, which led to interference in the work of the municipal government.[69] Following this, the Wonju municipal government issued a press release on June 2 stating: "This will be a phone paralysis operation of a religious organization."[70] Finally, two administrative proceedings were initiated by the WMSCOG, but all the appeals were rejected. "The reason why the administrative court refused the WMSCOG's request is because of traffic congestion and residents' complaints," said Wonju municipal government official. Church of God residents emergency response committee said: "It is normal for the plaintiff to be rejected. We will never stop unless the true face of the WMSCOG is revealed."[71][72]

Rick Ross critique

Rick Alan Ross, cult researcher and deprogrammer[36][51] describes the WMSCOG as "a very intense group... similar to the Unification Church [of] Sun Myung Moon — the Moonies", comparing WMSCOG indoctrination methods to those of the Unification Church.[36]

Ross claims that the WMSCOG has driven members into "bankruptcies because of excessive donations", and claims that some have lost their jobs to "excessive demands" of the group and associated "sleep deprivation". He says that members often are sent to group housing and shared apartments, becoming isolated and alienated from family and friends, even spouses and adult children. Ross notes the group, which recruits members on university campuses, at malls and other shopping sites, has no meaningful accountability for leadership — a "dictatorship in Korea" — nor for the millions in revenue it receives.[36]

Vietnam

In Vietnam, the Committee for Religious Affairs urged vigilance about the group and cautioned that it should not be equated with other Protestant groups using similar names. Claiming the organization as cult-like, the government cited the group as engaging in deceptive recruitment, with questionable and manipulative indoctrination, doomsday predictions, and urging the donation of cash and members' abandonment of their own families.[73]

In May 2018, Vietnamese authorities seized the Church's assets in Hanoi, Saigon and in other provinces, and interrogated hundreds of its members. The Church leaders were accused of brainwashing its members and micromanaging their lives by urging students to abandon their studies and their workers to abandon their jobs in order to recruit more followers.[74]

Recruitment and human trafficking rumors

WMSCOG has been investigated for — and subsequently cleared of — human trafficking on multiple American university campuses. Police investigations into possible human sex trafficking connections ensued in January 2018 at the University of Mississippi,[75] in September 2019 at the University of South Carolina,[76] and in March 2020 at the University of Utah.[77] Similar reports also occurred at the University of Louisville, Vanderbilt University, the University of Georgia,[75] Oberlin College,[78] Texas State University,[79] and Arizona State University,[80] among others. All investigations were closed after failing to find a link between the church and illicit activity.

Many students, across multiple campuses, reported unknown persons asking if they knew about "God the Mother."[75][76][77] Recruiters have been known to approach female students and ask if they believe in a female god, which often will lead to invitations to study groups.[77] Recruiters will also approach students and ask if they would like to join a Bible study group.[77]

This style of recruitment has come under fire from former church members, who have said that the church tends to target those who appear "psychologically vulnerable" and specifically young white people who appear wealthy.[34]

New Zealand

In August 2017, the Otago University Students' Association in Dunedin disaffiliated the Elohim World Academy following complaints from students about deceptive and coercive recruitment methods. The University of Otago's Proctor Dave Scott had considered trespassing members of the group but ruled it out since that would have violated the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990's provisions on religious freedom and freedom of expression.[81][82] In 2020, the University of Auckland student magazine Craccum reported that members of the Elohim Academy had targeted students at the University of Auckland and the University of Waikato in Hamilton.[83][84]

In September 2021, Craccum reported that the Elohim Academy was also conducting door-knocking evangelism campaigns in Wellington and Auckland, with an emphasis on recruiting young women. Members were expected to follow strict rules separating themselves from social media and non-church friends, attend masses and recruitment sessions, tithing ten percent of their income, avoid wearing jeans, reject music and masturbation, and losing weight to fit Korean beauty standards. Former members alleged that members including minors were shamed for not meeting the church's rules and standards and that members were ranked based on their recruitment rates. Church members were also reportedly shown graphic videos of Hell. In addition, pastors also arranged marriages between congregants.[85]

Affiliated institutions

  • Okcheon Go&Come Training Institute
  • Jounyisan Training Institute
  • Elohim Training Institute
  • The Church of God Theological Institute
  • The Church of God History Museum
  • The International WeLoveU Foundation[86]
  • Messiah Orchestra
  • Saet-byul Kindergarten
  • ASEZ, the World Mission Society Church of God University Student Volunteer Group[87]
  • ASEZ WAO, the World Mission Society Church of God Young Adult Worker Volunteer Group[88][5]

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Now that the disciples were able to see the fig tree's branches and leaves, and knew that summer was near, they should also be able to discern by signs that the coming of Jesus was near. However, because the fig tree is the national flower of Israel, and the fig tree is often used to represent the state of Israel in the Old Testament, the WMSCOG interprets this passage as "when you see the restoration of Israel", you should know that Christ will be baptized again.[28]

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 Lydia DePillis (23 May 2012). "Broken Windows Theory". Washington City Newspaper. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  2. 1 2 3 "Representative Church". watv.org (Introduction Page). WMSCOG. 2019. Archived from the original on 8 January 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022. New Jerusalem Pangyo Temple – 35, Pangyoyeok-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Rep. of Korea – ... – P.O. Box 119, Seongnam Bundang Post Office, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Rep. of Korea – Tel. +82-31-738-5999 – Fax. +82-31-738-5998 – Head Office: 50, Sunae-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Rep. of Korea
  3. 1 2 Introvigne, Massimo; Folk, Holly (13 October 2017). "World Mission Society Church of God". wrldrels.org (Profile of a religious group). World Religions and Spirituality Project. Quote at one fifth of page. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022. His followers divided between a majority that recognized Zahng Gil-jah as God the Mother, [...] and a minority that followed Ahn's widow and three children. [...] The minority group later came to be known as New Covenant Passover Church of God (NCPCOG).
  4. 1 2 3 "WATV Welcome – Worldwide Status". WATVWelcome.org. More than 7,000 churches in 175 countries deliver Mother's heartwarming love to seven billion people.
  5. 1 2 Choi, Yun-heui (2020). "A Beautiful Mind". Section "Faith & Life". watv.org (Volunteer Service Review). WMSCOG. Quote at one third of text. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022. Even when we cheered him, shouting our slogan, "We love you,"...
  6. 1 2 "하나님의 교회 교회연혁 | 하나님의 교회" (in Korean). 27 February 2017. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  7. 1 2 "하나님의 교회". ncpcog.com (in Korean). Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  8. 1 2 3 James, Jonathan D., Edith Cowan University, editor, "The Southern Factor: Prospects and Challenges," from book A Moving Faith: Mega Churches go South, 2015, Sage Publications, Los Angeles and New Delhi, retrieved 2018-05-23.
  9. ↑ James, Jonathan D. The Southern Factor: Prospects and Challenges – via www.academia.edu.
  10. 1 2 "真理研究小冊子 1" (in Korean). www.ncpcog.co.kr. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
  11. 1 2 New Jersey, Superior Court (19 April 2013). "Law Suit Issued by WMSCOG" (PDF). Cult Education. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
  12. 1 2 "WATV". WATV. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
  13. 1 2 3 Information Network on Christian Heresy. ///현대종교/// (in Korean). Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
  14. 1 2 이대복; 월간교회와이단 (1999). 이단연구: 안식일교정체, 안상홍(하나님교회)사교집단 [Heresy studies: Sabbath school retention, ansanghong (Church of God) cult] (in Korean). 기독교이단문제연구소. Archived from the original on 17 June 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  15. 1 2 한국의 재림주들(2002 한국의 신흥종교 실태조사 연구집 1) [Researches on the New Religions of Korea 2002, Collection I (subtitled, Self-Claimed Reborn Jesus Christ of Korea)] (in Korean). Hyudae Jongyo. 27 April 2002. pp. 145–168. Archived from the original on 15 September 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  16. 1 2 Amennews (5 June 2013). '하나님의교회'(세계복음선교협회)의 주요교리와 그 비판 [Criticism of the Major Doctrines of World Mission Society Church of God] (in Korean). Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  17. ↑ International Korean Christian Coalition against Heresy (18 May 2012). 과연 안상홍의 부인은 누구인가? [Who is the wife of ansanghong really?] (in Korean). Archived from the original on 17 September 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  18. ↑ "Trinity". Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  19. ↑ "God Elohim". Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  20. 1 2 법원, "근거없는 추측비방은 비인격적인 범법행위". The Christian World Monitor (in Korean). 29 September 2003. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  21. 1 2 Church of God World Gospel Association v. Ji Won Tak (Northern Seoul Regional Court Civil Section Number 11 8 July 2005), Text.
  22. ↑ "World Mission Society Church".
  23. ↑ "WATV – History". WATV.org. Archived from the original on 15 August 2013. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
  24. ↑ "WATV – Worldwide Status". english.watv.org. Over 2,500 local Churches have been established in about 175 countries
  25. ↑ "Joongang Monthly Magazine". Joongang Il Bo. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
  26. ↑ "World Mission Society Church of God". english.watv.org.
  27. ↑ "WATV – Second Coming Christ". WATV. World Mission Society Church of God. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  28. ↑ "什麼時候來？". 全副軍裝 – 要穿戴基督安商洪所賜的全副軍裝 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 18 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
  29. ↑ "埃洛希姆上帝". World Mission Society Church of God (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 3 July 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
  30. ↑ "WATV – Feasts of God". World Mission Society Church of God. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  31. 1 2 "Sabbath". en.churchofgod.wiki (church's own wiki). WMSCOG. See intro of article and chapter “The Church of God Keeps the Sabbath Day”. Archived from the original on 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023. The Sabbath is a sign between God and His people, and a symbol of the eternal rest; only those who keep the Sabbath of the new covenant can enter the kingdom of heaven. [...] According to the biblical time reckoning, the day begins when the sun rises; therefore the Church of God keeps worship services on Saturday in the morning, afternoon, and evening.
  32. ↑ "WMSCOG Bible Q&A". World Mission Society Church of God. Retrieved 24 May 2013.
  33. ↑ "WATV – About Soul". World Mission Society Church of God. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  34. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Harris, Chris, "Former Members Allege New Jersey Church, South Korea-Based World Mission Society Church of God, is Actually a 'Cult'," December 10, 2015, People Magazine, retrieved 2018-05-22.
  35. 1 2 3 4 5 Ma, Myles, NJ Advance Media, "Ex-members accuse Ridgewood church of being cult, reports say," January 17, 2016, Bergen County Record / NJ.com, retrieved 2018-05-22.
  36. 1 2 3 4 "Cult expert: Pocono Dome church has cult markers". Pocono Record. 29 March 2017. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
  37. ↑ "Church members barred from U of M campus for 'aggressively' discussing religion," January 31, 2018, WREG-TV, Memphis, Tennessee, retrieved 2018-05-22.
  38. 1 2 "God the Mother" Followers Aim to Proselytize Students," February 23, 2018, Oberlin Review, Oberlin College, retrieved 2018-05-22.
  39. ↑ "Wichita police: No abductions linked to missionaries in silver van," September 14, 2015, The Wichita Eagle,
  40. ↑ "Religious recruiters spark concern,", February 20, 2014, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, retrieved 2018-05-23.
  41. ↑ "Feasts of God". World Mission Society Church of God. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
  42. ↑ "World Mission Society Church of God". english.watv.org.
  43. ↑ 기독교 이단 사이비 종교 명단과 종교차별 신고 (in Korean). The National Council of Churches in Korea. 13 December 2012. Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  44. ↑ Research Directorate, Immigration; Refugee Board, Canada (8 December 2004). "Korea: The Church of God, including the denomination of Christianity to which it adheres, its beliefs and practices; whether there is a congregation of the Church of God in Seoul known as the Church of God Mission Society located at 381-2 Suyu-dong No. 2, Gangbuk-gu (2002–2004)". Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  45. ↑ Cunningham, Cara,"Old Trafford's World Mission Society Church of God bestowed with prestigious Queen's voluntary award". Messenger Newspapers. 8 July 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
  46. ↑ Skinner, Nigel (14 July 2016). "Queen's award for church group". Glossop Chronicle. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
  47. ↑ "No. 61599". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 June 2016. p. J4.
  48. ↑ "Queen's Award for Voluntary Service recipients 2016". GOV.UK. 2 June 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  49. 1 2 3 Kim, David W. (3 March 2020). "South Korea must tame Christian cults or worsen coronavirus spread". Nikkei Asian Review.
  50. ↑ "Who is God the Mother?". Arizona State Press. 4 November 2019. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 7 March 2021 suggested (help)
  51. 1 2 "NBC Investigates – World Mission Church of God member John Power," Dec 4, 2016, The Today Show, host Ronan Farrow, NBC News on YouTube.
  52. ↑ Ahn, Sahng-hong (1980). The Mystery of God and the Spring of the Water of Life (in Korean). Korea: Jesus Witnesses Church of God. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  53. ↑ Church of God, the association of An Sang Hong Witness [sic] (1988). "1988 is the end of the world (front)" (in Korean and English). Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  54. ↑ Church of God, the association of An Sang Hong Witness [sic] (1988). "1988 is the end of the world (back)" (in Korean and English). Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  55. ↑ 탁명환 (1992). 한국 의 신흥 종교: 기독교 편 [South Korea's emerging Christian side] (in Korean). Vol. 4. 국제 종교 문제 연구소. Archived from the original on 17 June 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  56. ↑ 이대복 (2000). 이단종합연구 [Comprehensive heresy studies] (in Korean). 기독교이단문제연구소. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
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  62. ↑ "거짓으로 태산을 이룬 장길자 어머니 하나님 교회". blog.naver.com. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  63. ↑ "진리책자의 역사를 조작하는 장길자교회". blog.naver.com. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
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  66. ↑ "New Jersey Criminal Case Against World Mission Society Church of God – Non Disclosure Agreement – Piercing The Corporate Veil". Scribd.
  67. ↑ "COLÓN v. WORLD MISSION SOCIETY CHURCH OF GOD: Docket No. A-5008-14T4.", Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division, Argued September 28, 2016, Decided November 29, 2016, as transcribed and posted by Leagle.com, retrieved 2018-05-26.
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  72. ↑ "강원행정심판위, 하나님의교회 건축허가 청구 기각". 7 November 2017.
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  74. ↑ AsiaNews.it. "Authorities seize cult assets and detain cult members". www.asianews.it. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
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