A midshipman is subjected to a random breathalyzer test to determine whether he is sober.

Sobriety is the condition of not having any effects from alcohol or drugs.[1] Sobriety is also considered to be the natural state of a human being at birth. A person in a state of sobriety is considered sober. Organizations of the temperance movement have encouraged sobriety as being normative in society.[2]

In a treatment setting, sobriety is the achieved goal of independence from consuming alcohol. As such, sustained abstinence is a prerequisite for sobriety. Early in abstinence, residual effects of alcohol consumption can preclude sobriety. These effects are labeled "PAWS," or "post-acute-withdrawal syndrome." Someone who abstains, but has a latent desire to resume use, is termed a "Dry drunk" and not considered truly sober. An abstainer may be subconsciously motivated to resume alcohol consumption, but for a variety of reasons, abstains (e.g. a medical or legal concern precluding use).[3]

Sobriety has more specific meanings within specific contexts, such as the culture of many substance use recovery programs, law enforcement, and some schools of psychology. In some cases, sobriety implies the achievement of "life balance."[4]

Recovery support programs

Sobriety may refer to being clear of immediate or residual effects of any mind-altering substances. Colloquially, it may refer to a specific substance that is the concern of a particular recovery support program[5] (e.g. alcohol, marijuana, opiates, or tobacco). "Clean and sober" is a commonly used phrase, which refers to someone having an extended period without alcohol or other drugs in their body.

Recovery can start in many different ways for all people. One may go to rehab, a detox center or engage a sober companion to start. The next recovery support program may be slightly more difficult to find. Sober living can be confusing using any generic search engine. Recovery resources exist for many different companies, mainly across the United States.

Alcoholics can also use books, podcasts and online resources to help their own recovery.

Temperance organizations

Organizations of the temperance movement have encouraged sobriety as being normative in society.[2] The Woman's Christian Temperance Union disseminates literature on the living a sober lifestyle,[6] while fraternal organisations such as the Independent Order of Rechabites and International Organisation of Good Templars provide a space for teetotalers to socialize.[7]

Law enforcement

Field sobriety tests and breathalyzer testing are two ways law enforcement officers often test for sobriety in a suspected high or drunk driver. In the US, these "standardized field sobriety tests" are at the officer's discretion. They can also administer other tests including blood and urine tests.[8] In other countries (for example The Netherlands), only breathalizer and blood testing is used. Standardized tests that can be performed in the US include:

  • One-leg stand test
  • Walk and turn test
  • HGN (eye) test (horizontal gaze nystagmus test)

Non-standardized tests include:

  • Romberg's test
  • Finger-to-nose test
  • Finger-count test
  • Hand pat test
  • Alphabet recitation test
  • Counting numbers backwards

Since these tests rely on cooperation of the subject, the final result often depends on the presiding officer's interpretation. There are many factors that can lead to inaccuracies in sobriety testing including orthopedic or neurologic conditions, and fatigue.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "WHO - Lexicon of drug terms published by the World Health Organization". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 4 July 2004.
  2. 1 2 Sonnenstuhl, William J. (31 May 2018). Working Sober: The Transformation of an Occupational Drinking Culture. Cornell University Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-5017-1121-3.
  3. ↑ ""Scientific grounding for sobriety: Western experience." MD Basharin K.G., Yakutsk State University" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 May 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
  4. ↑ "TWELVE STEPS and TWELVE TRADITIONS" Archived 27 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ↑ "Alcohol Support Groups - Alcohol Recovery Programs". Alcohol.org. Archived from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  6. ↑ Chase, Fanny DuBois (1899). Glimpses of a Popular Movement; Or, Sketches of the W.C.T.U. of Pennsylvania. Leeds Press. p. 60.
  7. ↑ Logan, Norma Davies (1983). "Drink and Society: Scotland 1870–1914" (PDF). University of Glasgow. p. 34. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  8. ↑ "Field Sobriety Tests". Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
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