Bottlebrush orchid
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Genus: Dendrobium
Species:
D. smillieae
Binomial name
Dendrobium smillieae
Synonyms[1]
List
  • Coelandria smillieae (F.Muell.) Fitzg.
  • Callista smillieae (F.Muell.) Kuntze
  • Pedilonum smillieae (F.Muell.) Rauschert
  • Dendrobium ophioglossum Rchb.f.
  • Dendrobium smillieae var. ophioglossum (Rchb.f.) F.M.Bailey
  • Dendrobium hollrungii Kraenzl.
  • Callista ophioglossa (Rchb.f.) Kuntze
  • Dendrobium kaernbachii Kraenzl.
  • Dendrobium pachyceras F.Muell. & Kraenzl.
  • Dendrobium hollrungii var. australiense Rendle
  • Dendrobium secundum var. urvillei Finet
  • Pedilonum ophioglossum (Rchb.f.) Brieger
  • Pedilonum hollrungii (Kraenzl.) Rauschert
  • Pedilonum pachyceras (F.Muell. & Kraenzl.) Rauschert
  • Chromatotriccum pachyceras (F.Muell. & Kraenzl.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones

Dendrobium smillieae, commonly known as the bottlebrush orchid,[2] is an epiphytic or lithophytic orchid with large, spongy pseudobulbs, thin, bright green leaves which are shed after their first year and crowded flowers in a bottlebrush-like arrangement. The flowers are white, to cream-coloured or pink and the labellum has a shiny, dark green tip. This orchid species is found in some of the Torres Strait Islands, and through Cape York Peninsula to Townsville, Queensland. It is also found in New Guinea and eastern Indonesia (Sulawesi and Maluku).[3]

Description

Dendrobium smillieae is an epiphytic or lithophytic herb with crowded, ribbed, greenish or yellowish spindle-shaped pseudobulbs 0.3–1.0 m (1–3 ft) long and 20–30 mm (0.8–1 in) wide. The psudobulbs have leaves during their first year, but are leafless at maturity. The leaves are bright green, thin, often twisted, 150–200 mm (6–8 in) long and 30–40 mm (1.2–1.6 in) wide. The flowers are arranged in crowded, bottlebrush-like groups 80–150 mm (3–6 in) long on the end of the pseudobulbs. The flowers are white, greenish, cream-coloured or pink, more or less tube-shaped and 20–25 mm (0.79–0.98 in) long. The sepals and petals are blunt, 7–10 mm (0.28–0.39 in) long and do not open widely. The labellum is about 16 mm (0.6 in) long, 3–4 mm (0.1–0.2 in) wide with a shiny, dark green tip. Flowering occurs from August to November.[2][4][5]

A white variety is found in the Sepik swamps in New Guinea.[6]

Taxonomy and naming

Dendrobium smillieae was first formally described in 1867 by Ferdinand von Mueller from a specimen collected near Rockingham Bay by John Dallachy. The description was published in Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae.[7] The specific epithet (smillieae) honours E.J. Smillie.[8]

Distribution and habitat

The bottlebrush orchid is widespread and common, growing on trees and sometimes on rocks, in woodland, forest and rainforest margins. It prefers trees which are exposed to sunlight and commonly grows on trees such as Lophostemon suaveolens (swamp turpentine or swamp box) which have loose papery bark. The roots of the orchid penetrate below the bark and form large mats which are well protected beneath the bark. It is found in New Guinea, including on the Bismarck Archipelago, on the Aru Islands, on some Torres Strait Islands and on the Cape York Peninsula as far south as Townsville.[2][4][9]

Ecology

The flowers of this orchid produce nectar and are pollinated by the yellow honeyeater (Stomiopera flava) also known in Queensland as the canary honeyeater. The bird hovers in front of the flowers while feeding on the nectar.[2]

References

  1. 1 2 "Dendrobium smillieae". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. pp. 384–385. ISBN 1877069124.
  3. ↑ Beasley, John. (2009). Plants of Cape York: The Compact Guide. John Beasley, Kuranda, Qld., Australia. ISBN 978-0-9806863-0-2. p. 385.
  4. 1 2 "Dendrobium smillieae". Orchids of New Guinea. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
  5. ↑ D.L.Jones; T.Hopley; S.M.Duffy (2010). "Factsheet - Coelandria smillieae". Australian Tropical Rainforest Orchids. Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  6. ↑ Teoh, Eng-Soon. (2005) Orchids of Asia. New & Expanded Third Edition. Times Editions - Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 978-981-261-015-7. p. 124.
  7. ↑ "Dendrobium smillieae". APNI. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
  8. ↑ von Mueller, Ferdinand (1867). Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae. Melbourne: Victorian Government Printer. p. 94.
  9. ↑ Beasley, John (2006). Plants of Tropical North Queensland the Compact Guide. Footloose Publications. Kuranda, Qld., Australia. ISBN 1-876617-13-6. pp. 57, 73.
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