Satyrini
Satyrus actaea, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
Lethe appalachia (syn. Satyrodes appalachia), Virginia, United States
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Nymphalidae
Subfamily:	Satyrinae
Tribe:	Satyrini Boisduval, 1833
Subtribes[1]
Parargina Tutt, 1896 Lethina Reuter, 1896 Mycalesina Reuter, 1896 Eritina Miller, 1968 Ragadiina Herrich-Schäffer, 1864 Coenonymphina Tutt, 1896 Euptychiina Reuter, 1896 Erebiina Tutt, 1896 Maniolina Grote, 1897 Melanargiina Wheeler, 1903 Pronophilina Reuter, 1896 Satyrina Boisduval, 1833 Ypthimina Reuter, 1896 some genera incertae sedis
Diversity[2]
approximately 220 genera, 2200 species

Toothed satyr
Praepronophila petronius, Colombia

The Satyrini is one of the tribes of the subfamily Satyrinae. It includes about 2200 species and is therefore the largest tribe in the subfamily which comprises 2500 species.^[2]

Distribution

Satyrini butterflies have a worldwide distribution, but the distribution pattern differs between subtribes. Some subtribes are almost restricted to a single biogeographic region, such as the Pronophilina, which is found only in Andean cloud forests from Venezuela to Bolivia.^[2]

Biology

The larval food plants of many species in this tribe are grasses, i.e. Poaceae. It is considered that the Satyrini diversified at about the same time as the grasses did, and that the radiation of the tribe is therefore closely related to the evolution of the grasses.^[2][3]

In contrast, the tribe has a few genera which show uncommon feeding preferences.^[3] Three genera, Euptychia, Ragadia and Acrophtalmia, feed on Lycopsida, and moreover, some species of Euptychia have been reported to feed on mosses of Neckeraceae. This is interesting cases as these genera are not considered to be very closely related to each other.^[4]

Taxonomy

Pararge aegeria ♂, Portugal

Lethe europa pavida, Taiwan

Mycalesis francisca formosana, Taiwan

Coelites epiminthia, Malaysia

Ragadia makuta, Malaysia

Coenonympha oedippus, Japan

Euptychia westwoodi, Panama

Erebia ligea takanonis, Japan

Maniola telmessia, Turkey

Melanargia galathea, UK

Lasiophila sp., Peru

Ypthima baldus, India

Calisto herophile, Cuba

The taxonomy of the subfamily Satyrinae has recently undergone a significant revision. Peña et al. (2006) showed that most of the traditionally well known group are paraphyletic or polyphyletic and developed a new taxonomy, based on molecular phylogenetic. The classification scheme transferred many genera traditionally placed in the Elymniini to the Satyrini,^[5] and later studies have largely followed this classification.^[6][7] Thus, the Satyrini is now considered to include the genera previously placed in the Elymniini, such as Lethe, Pararge and Mycalesis.^[1] However, the phylogenetic statuses of some subtribes within the tribe are still unclear and the revision of the classification is likely to continue.^[7]

According to Wahlberg (2019), the Satyrini includes the following subtribes and genera:

Notes

References

External links

• Satyrinae at NYMPHALIDAE.net (There is no individual page for Satyrini as it is split into pages for each subtribes.)
• Satyrini Boisduval 1833 at TREE OF LIFE web project
• ジャノメチョウ族（Satyrini）のページ at Pteron World (in Japanese)