The following data is current as of January 9, 2024 after the completion of the 2023 season, which ends after the 2024 College Football Playoff National Championship. The following list reflects the records according to the NCAA. Not all wins and losses in this list have occurred in the highest level of play, but are recognized by the NCAA. This list takes into account results modified later due to NCAA action, such as vacated victories and forfeits. Percentages are figured to 3 decimal places. In the event of a tie, the team with the most wins is listed first.
Team | Won | Lost | Tied | Pct. | Years | Total Games | Conference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Michigan | 1004 | 353 | 36 | .734 | 144 | 1393 | Big Ten |
Ohio State | 964 | 333 | 53 | .734 | 134 | 1350 | Big Ten |
Alabama | 965 | 337 | 43 | .733 | 129 | 1345 | SEC |
Notre Dame | 948 | 337 | 42 | .730 | 134 | 1327 | Independent |
Oklahoma | 944 | 341 | 53 | .725 | 129 | 1338 | Big 12 |
Boise State | 490 | 187 | 2 | .723 | 56 | 679 | Mountain West |
Texas | 948 | 392 | 33 | .702 | 131 | 1373 | Big 12 |
Southern California | 875 | 368 | 54 | .695 | 130 | 1297 | Pac-12 |
Penn State | 930 | 409 | 41 | .689 | 137 | 1380 | Big Ten |
Nebraska | 917 | 424 | 40 | .678 | 134 | 1381 | Big Ten |
Florida State | 581 | 281 | 17 | .671 | 77 | 879 | ACC |
Tennessee | 865 | 414 | 53 | .669 | 127 | 1343 | SEC |
Georgia | 881 | 429 | 54 | .666 | 130 | 1364 | SEC |
Coastal Carolina | 166 | 89 | 0 | .651 | 21 | 255 | Sun Belt |
Appalachian State | 664 | 354 | 29 | .648 | 94 | 1047 | Sun Belt |
LSU | 806 | 434 | 47 | .645 | 130 | 1324 | SEC |
Miami (FL) | 663 | 388 | 19 | .629 | 98 | 1070 | ACC |
Florida | 758 | 445 | 40 | .626 | 117 | 1243 | SEC |
Auburn | 799 | 471 | 47 | .625 | 131 | 1317 | SEC |
James Madison | 369 | 221 | 4 | .625 | 51 | 594 | Sun Belt |
Clemson | 798 | 472 | 45 | .624 | 128 | 1315 | ACC |
Georgia Southern | 418 | 253 | 10 | .621 | 60 | 681 | Sun Belt |
Washington | 775 | 466 | 50 | .620 | 134 | 1291 | Pac-12 |
Texas A&M | 778 | 504 | 48 | .603 | 129 | 1330 | SEC |
Virginia Tech | 772 | 505 | 46 | .601 | 130 | 1323 | ACC |
Arizona State | 638 | 424 | 24 | .599 | 111 | 1086 | Pac-12 |
Michigan State | 730 | 487 | 44 | .596 | 127 | 1261 | Big Ten |
Miami (OH) | 724 | 484 | 44 | .596 | 135 | 1252 | MAC |
Utah | 719 | 482 | 31 | .596 | 130 | 1232 | Pac-12 |
West Virginia | 781 | 526 | 45 | .594 | 131 | 1352 | Big 12 |
Fresno State | 645 | 446 | 27 | .589 | 102 | 1118 | Mountain West |
Jacksonville State | 612 | 422 | 39 | .589 | 114 | 1073 | C-USA |
Western Kentucky | 615 | 426 | 30 | .588 | 105 | 1071 | C-USA |
Central Michigan | 647 | 450 | 36 | .587 | 123 | 1133 | MAC |
Wisconsin | 742 | 518 | 53 | .585 | 135 | 1313 | Big Ten |
UCLA | 637 | 446 | 37 | .585 | 105 | 1120 | Pac-12 |
Georgia Tech | 756 | 540 | 43 | .581 | 131 | 1339 | ACC |
BYU | 616 | 443 | 26 | .580 | 99 | 1085 | Big 12 |
Oregon | 705 | 511 | 46 | .577 | 128 | 1262 | Pac-12 |
Arkansas | 740 | 539 | 40 | .576 | 130 | 1319 | SEC |
Pittsburgh | 761 | 560 | 42 | .574 | 134 | 1363 | ACC |
Minnesota | 733 | 543 | 44 | .572 | 140 | 1320 | Big Ten |
Stanford | 670 | 496 | 49 | .572 | 117 | 1215 | Pac-12 |
Southern Miss | 613 | 460 | 26 | .570 | 107 | 1099 | Sun Belt |
Troy | 575 | 431 | 28 | .570 | 103 | 1034 | Sun Belt |
Army | 727 | 545 | 51 | .569 | 133 | 1323 | Independent |
Colorado | 723 | 544 | 36 | .569 | 134 | 1303 | Pac-12 |
San Diego State | 592 | 447 | 32 | .568 | 101 | 1071 | Mountain West |
Boston College | 694 | 525 | 37 | .567 | 125 | 1256 | ACC |
Middle Tennessee | 607 | 463 | 28 | .566 | 109 | 1098 | C-USA |
Bowling Green | 562 | 426 | 52 | .565 | 105 | 1040 | MAC |
Syracuse | 743 | 577 | 49 | .561 | 134 | 1369 | ACC |
Louisiana Tech | 640 | 496 | 37 | .561 | 120 | 1185 | C-USA |
Toledo | 580 | 452 | 24 | .561 | 103 | 1056 | MAC |
North Carolina | 729 | 569 | 54 | .559 | 133 | 1352 | ACC |
Arizona | 633 | 499 | 33 | .558 | 120 | 1165 | Pac-12 |
Air Force | 433 | 342 | 13 | .558 | 68 | 788 | Mountain West |
UCF | 293 | 234 | 1 | .556 | 45 | 528 | Big 12 |
Western Michigan | 597 | 481 | 24 | .553 | 118 | 1102 | MAC |
Texas Tech | 597 | 481 | 32 | .552 | 99 | 1097 | Big 12 |
Navy | 738 | 600 | 57 | .549 | 142 | 1395 | American |
California | 692 | 569 | 51 | .547 | 128 | 1312 | Pac-12 |
Tulsa | 647 | 534 | 27 | .547 | 123 | 1208 | American |
Ole Miss | 675 | 547 | 35 | .551 | 129 | 1257 | SEC |
Missouri | 711 | 590 | 52 | .545 | 133 | 1353 | SEC |
Iowa | 693 | 576 | 39 | .545 | 135 | 1308 | Big Ten |
Houston | 472 | 394 | 15 | .544 | 78 | 881 | Big 12 |
TCU | 685 | 574 | 57 | .543 | 127 | 1316 | Big 12 |
Hawaii | 583 | 492 | 25 | .541 | 107 | 1100 | Mountain West |
Liberty | 299 | 254 | 4 | .540 | 51 | 557 | C-USA |
Sam Houston | 571 | 488 | 34 | .538 | 108 | 1093 | C-USA |
Old Dominion | 92 | 79 | 0 | .538 | 13 | 171 | Sun Belt |
Northern Illinois | 611 | 527 | 51 | .535 | 122 | 1189 | MAC |
UTSA | 84 | 75 | 0 | .528 | 12 | 159 | American |
Oklahoma State | 637 | 572 | 48 | .526 | 122 | 1257 | Big 12 |
Nevada | 577 | 521 | 33 | .525 | 117 | 1131 | Mountain West |
Louisville | 550 | 496 | 17 | .525 | 105 | 1063 | ACC |
Marshall | 628 | 571 | 47 | .523 | 124 | 1246 | Sun Belt |
South Florida | 168 | 154 | 0 | .522 | 26 | 322 | American |
Maryland | 677 | 624 | 43 | .520 | 131 | 1344 | Big Ten |
Cincinnati | 659 | 607 | 51 | .520 | 136 | 1317 | Big 12 |
Purdue | 641 | 597 | 48 | .517 | 136 | 1286 | Big Ten |
Texas State | 533 | 500 | 25 | .516 | 109 | 1058 | Sun Belt |
Virginia | 683 | 642 | 48 | .515 | 134 | 1373 | ACC |
NC State | 638 | 599 | 55 | .513 | 132 | 1292 | ACC |
South Carolina | 635 | 612 | 44 | .509 | 129 | 1279 | SEC |
Baylor | 625 | 602 | 44 | .509 | 122 | 1271 | Big 12 |
Ball State | 476 | 459 | 32 | .509 | 99 | 964 | MAC |
Ohio | 603 | 584 | 48 | .508 | 128 | 1235 | MAC |
Illinois | 632 | 625 | 50 | .503 | 134 | 1307 | Big Ten |
Utah State | 573 | 567 | 31 | .503 | 126 | 1171 | Mountain West |
East Carolina | 460 | 454 | 12 | .503 | 87 | 926 | American |
Kentucky | 653 | 647 | 44 | .502 | 133 | 1344 | SEC |
North Texas | 542 | 541 | 33 | .500 | 107 | 1116 | American |
Memphis | 533 | 537 | 33 | .498 | 107 | 1103 | American |
Washington State | 572 | 586 | 45 | .494 | 128 | 1203 | Pac-12 |
Louisiana | 565 | 580 | 34 | .494 | 122 | 1179 | Sun Belt |
Rutgers | 671 | 695 | 42 | .491 | 154 | 1408 | Big Ten |
Mississippi State | 586 | 609 | 39 | .491 | 124 | 1234 | SEC |
Duke | 538 | 556 | 31 | .491 | 111 | 1125 | ACC |
San Jose State | 517 | 539 | 38 | .490 | 106 | 1094 | Mountain West |
Wyoming | 565 | 599 | 28 | .486 | 127 | 1192 | Mountain West |
Arkansas State | 496 | 525 | 37 | .486 | 109 | 1058 | Sun Belt |
SMU | 522 | 557 | 54 | .485 | 106 | 1133 | American |
Vanderbilt | 618 | 665 | 50 | .482 | 134 | 1333 | SEC |
UAB | 172 | 187 | 2 | .479 | 30 | 361 | American |
Massachusetts | 580 | 639 | 50 | .477 | 141 | 1269 | Independent |
Oregon State | 564 | 629 | 50 | .474 | 127 | 1243 | Pac-12 |
South Alabama | 83 | 92 | 0 | .474 | 15 | 175 | Sun Belt |
Akron | 525 | 593 | 36 | .471 | 123 | 1154 | MAC |
Kansas | 605 | 679 | 58 | .470 | 134 | 1342 | Big 12 |
Colorado State | 539 | 616 | 33 | .468 | 125 | 1188 | Mountain West |
UConn | 521 | 609 | 38 | .462 | 124 | 1168 | Independent |
Kansas State | 570 | 670 | 42 | .461 | 128 | 1282 | Big 12 |
Tulane | 565 | 672 | 38 | .458 | 129 | 1275 | American |
Iowa State | 566 | 678 | 46 | .457 | 132 | 1277 | Big 12 |
Northwestern | 566 | 702 | 44 | .448 | 136 | 1312 | Big Ten |
Temple | 494 | 617 | 52 | .447 | 124 | 1163 | American |
Eastern Michigan | 490 | 623 | 47 | .443 | 132 | 1160 | MAC |
New Mexico | 499 | 640 | 31 | .440 | 125 | 1170 | Mountain West |
Florida Atlantic | 122 | 155 | 0 | .440 | 22 | 277 | American |
Rice | 492 | 652 | 32 | .432 | 111 | 1176 | American |
Buffalo | 408 | 557 | 28 | .425 | 110 | 993 | MAC |
Wake Forest | 492 | 685 | 33 | .421 | 122 | 1210 | ACC |
Indiana | 507 | 713 | 44 | .419 | 136 | 1264 | Big Ten |
UL Monroe | 325 | 464 | 8 | .413 | 73 | 797 | Sun Belt |
New Mexico State | 455 | 671 | 30 | .407 | 127 | 1156 | C-USA |
UTEP | 410 | 634 | 30 | .396 | 106 | 1074 | C-USA |
UNLV | 252 | 386 | 4 | .396 | 56 | 642 | Mountain West |
Kent State | 366 | 595 | 28 | .384 | 101 | 989 | MAC |
Georgia State | 61 | 106 | 0 | .365 | 14 | 167 | Sun Belt |
FIU | 88 | 170 | 0 | .341 | 22 | 258 | C-USA |
Charlotte | 45 | 87 | 0 | .341 | 12 | 132 | American |
American Athletic Conference
School | Won | Lost | Tied | Pct. | Years | Total Games |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Navy | 738 | 600 | 57 | .549 | 142 | 1395 |
Tulsa | 647 | 534 | 27 | .547 | 123 | 1208 |
UTSA | 84 | 75 | 0 | .528 | 12 | 159 |
South Florida | 168 | 154 | 0 | .522 | 26 | 322 |
East Carolina | 460 | 454 | 12 | .503 | 87 | 926 |
North Texas | 542 | 541 | 33 | .500 | 107 | 1116 |
Memphis | 533 | 537 | 33 | .498 | 107 | 1103 |
SMU | 533 | 560 | 54 | .488 | 107 | 1147 |
UAB | 172 | 187 | 2 | .479 | 30 | 361 |
Tulane | 565 | 672 | 38 | .458 | 129 | 1275 |
Temple | 494 | 617 | 52 | .447 | 124 | 1163 |
Florida Atlantic | 122 | 155 | 0 | .440 | 22 | 277 |
Rice | 492 | 652 | 32 | .432 | 111 | 1176 |
Charlotte | 45 | 87 | 0 | .341 | 12 | 132 |
Total | 5,395 | 5,825 | 340 | .481 | 81.4 | 11,760 |
Atlantic Coast Conference
School | Won | Lost | Tied | Pct. | Years | Total Games |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Florida State | 581 | 281 | 17 | .671 | 77 | 879 |
Miami (FL) | 663 | 388 | 19 | .629 | 98 | 1070 |
Clemson | 798 | 472 | 45 | .624 | 128 | 1315 |
Virginia Tech | 772 | 505 | 46 | .601 | 130 | 1323 |
Georgia Tech | 756 | 540 | 43 | .581 | 131 | 1339 |
Pittsburgh | 761 | 560 | 42 | .574 | 134 | 1363 |
Boston College | 694 | 525 | 37 | .567 | 125 | 1256 |
Syracuse | 743 | 577 | 49 | .561 | 134 | 1369 |
North Carolina | 729 | 569 | 54 | .559 | 133 | 1352 |
Louisville | 550 | 496 | 17 | .525 | 105 | 1063 |
Virginia | 683 | 642 | 48 | .515 | 134 | 1373 |
NC State | 638 | 599 | 55 | .513 | 132 | 1292 |
Duke | 538 | 556 | 31 | .491 | 111 | 1125 |
Wake Forest | 492 | 685 | 33 | .421 | 122 | 1210 |
Total | 9,398 | 7,395 | 536 | .558 | 121 | 17,329 |
Big 12 Conference
School | Won | Lost | Tied | Pct. | Years | Total Games |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oklahoma | 944 | 341 | 53 | .725 | 129 | 1338 |
Texas | 948 | 392 | 33 | .702 | 131 | 1373 |
West Virginia | 781 | 526 | 45 | .594 | 131 | 1352 |
BYU | 616 | 443 | 26 | .580 | 99 | 1085 |
UCF | 293 | 234 | 1 | .556 | 45 | 528 |
Texas Tech | 597 | 481 | 32 | .552 | 99 | 1097 |
Houston | 472 | 394 | 15 | .544 | 78 | 881 |
TCU | 685 | 574 | 57 | .543 | 127 | 1316 |
Oklahoma State | 637 | 572 | 48 | .526 | 122 | 1257 |
Cincinnati | 659 | 607 | 51 | .520 | 136 | 1317 |
Baylor | 625 | 602 | 44 | .509 | 122 | 1271 |
Kansas | 605 | 679 | 58 | .470 | 134 | 1342 |
Kansas State | 570 | 670 | 42 | .461 | 128 | 1282 |
Iowa State | 566 | 678 | 46 | .457 | 132 | 1277 |
Total | 8,998 | 7,192 | 551 | .554 | 115.2 | 16,715 |
Big Ten Conference
School | Won | Lost | Tied | Pct. | Years | Total Games |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Michigan | 1004 | 353 | 36 | .734 | 144 | 1393 |
Ohio State | 964 | 333 | 53 | .734 | 134 | 1350 |
Penn State | 930 | 409 | 41 | .689 | 137 | 1380 |
Nebraska | 917 | 424 | 40 | .678 | 134 | 1381 |
Michigan State | 730 | 487 | 44 | .596 | 127 | 1261 |
Wisconsin | 742 | 518 | 53 | .585 | 135 | 1313 |
Minnesota | 733 | 543 | 44 | .572 | 140 | 1320 |
Iowa | 693 | 576 | 39 | .545 | 135 | 1308 |
Maryland | 677 | 624 | 43 | .520 | 131 | 1344 |
Purdue | 641 | 597 | 48 | .517 | 136 | 1286 |
Illinois | 632 | 625 | 50 | .503 | 134 | 1307 |
Rutgers | 671 | 695 | 42 | .491 | 154 | 1408 |
Northwestern | 566 | 702 | 44 | .448 | 136 | 1312 |
Indiana | 507 | 713 | 44 | .419 | 136 | 1264 |
Total | 10,405 | 7,599 | 621 | .575 | 136.6 | 18,625 |
Conference USA
School | Won | Lost | Tied | Pct. | Years | Total Games |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jacksonville State | 612 | 422 | 39 | .589 | 114 | 1073 |
Western Kentucky | 615 | 426 | 30 | .588 | 105 | 1071 |
Middle Tennessee | 607 | 463 | 28 | .566 | 109 | 1098 |
Louisiana Tech | 640 | 496 | 37 | .561 | 120 | 1185 |
Liberty | 299 | 254 | 4 | .540 | 51 | 557 |
Sam Houston | 571 | 488 | 34 | .538 | 108 | 1093 |
New Mexico State | 455 | 671 | 30 | .407 | 127 | 1156 |
UTEP | 410 | 634 | 30 | .396 | 106 | 1074 |
FIU | 88 | 170 | 0 | .341 | 22 | 258 |
Total | 4,297 | 4,024 | 232 | .516 | 95.8 | 8,565 |
Independent
School | Won | Lost | Tied | Pct. | Years | Total Games |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notre Dame | 948 | 337 | 42 | .730 | 134 | 1327 |
Army | 727 | 545 | 51 | .569 | 134 | 1323 |
Massachusetts | 580 | 639 | 50 | .477 | 141 | 1269 |
UConn | 521 | 609 | 38 | .462 | 124 | 1168 |
Total | 2,776 | 2,130 | 181 | .563 | 133.3 | 5,087 |
Mid-American Conference
School | Won | Lost | Tied | Pct. | Years | Total Games |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Miami (OH) | 724 | 484 | 44 | .596 | 135 | 1252 |
Central Michigan | 647 | 450 | 36 | .587 | 123 | 1133 |
Bowling Green | 562 | 426 | 52 | .565 | 105 | 1040 |
Toledo | 580 | 452 | 24 | .561 | 103 | 1056 |
Western Michigan | 597 | 481 | 24 | .553 | 118 | 1102 |
Northern Illinois | 611 | 527 | 51 | .535 | 122 | 1189 |
Ball State | 476 | 459 | 32 | .509 | 99 | 964 |
Ohio | 603 | 584 | 48 | .508 | 128 | 1235 |
Akron | 525 | 593 | 36 | .471 | 123 | 1154 |
Eastern Michigan | 490 | 623 | 47 | .443 | 132 | 1160 |
Buffalo | 408 | 557 | 28 | .425 | 110 | 993 |
Kent State | 366 | 595 | 28 | .384 | 101 | 989 |
Total | 6,589 | 6,231 | 450 | .513 | 116.6 | 13,267 |
Mountain West Conference
School | Won | Lost | Tied | Pct. | Years | Total Games |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boise State | 490 | 187 | 2 | .723 | 56 | 679 |
Fresno State | 645 | 446 | 27 | .589 | 102 | 1118 |
San Diego State | 592 | 447 | 32 | .568 | 101 | 1071 |
Air Force | 433 | 342 | 13 | .558 | 68 | 788 |
Hawaii | 583 | 492 | 25 | .541 | 107 | 1100 |
Nevada | 577 | 521 | 33 | .525 | 117 | 1131 |
Utah State | 573 | 567 | 31 | .503 | 126 | 1171 |
San Jose State | 517 | 539 | 38 | .490 | 106 | 1094 |
Wyoming | 565 | 599 | 28 | .486 | 127 | 1192 |
Colorado State | 539 | 616 | 33 | .468 | 125 | 1188 |
New Mexico | 499 | 640 | 31 | .440 | 125 | 1170 |
UNLV | 252 | 386 | 4 | .396 | 56 | 642 |
Total | 6,265 | 5,782 | 297 | .520 | 101.3 | 12,344 |
Pac-12 Conference
School | Won | Lost | Tied | Pct. | Years | Total Games |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Southern California | 875 | 368 | 54 | .695 | 130 | 1297 |
Washington | 775 | 466 | 50 | .620 | 134 | 1291 |
Arizona State | 638 | 424 | 24 | .599 | 111 | 1086 |
Utah | 719 | 482 | 31 | .596 | 130 | 1232 |
UCLA | 637 | 446 | 37 | .585 | 105 | 1120 |
Oregon | 705 | 511 | 46 | .577 | 128 | 1262 |
Stanford | 670 | 496 | 49 | .572 | 117 | 1215 |
Colorado | 723 | 544 | 36 | .569 | 134 | 1303 |
Arizona | 633 | 499 | 33 | .558 | 120 | 1165 |
California | 692 | 569 | 51 | .547 | 128 | 1312 |
Washington State | 572 | 586 | 45 | .494 | 128 | 1203 |
Oregon State | 564 | 629 | 50 | .474 | 127 | 1243 |
Total | 8,202 | 6,019 | 506 | .574 | 124.3 | 14,727 |
Southeastern Conference
School | Won | Lost | Tied | Pct. | Years | Total Games |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alabama | 965 | 337 | 43 | .733 | 129 | 1345 |
Tennessee | 865 | 414 | 53 | .669 | 127 | 1343 |
Georgia | 881 | 429 | 54 | .666 | 130 | 1364 |
LSU | 806 | 434 | 47 | .645 | 130 | 1324 |
Florida | 758 | 445 | 40 | .626 | 117 | 1243 |
Auburn | 799 | 471 | 47 | .625 | 131 | 1317 |
Texas A&M | 778 | 504 | 48 | .603 | 129 | 1330 |
Arkansas | 740 | 539 | 40 | .576 | 130 | 1319 |
Ole Miss | 675 | 547 | 35 | .551 | 129 | 1257 |
Missouri | 711 | 590 | 52 | .545 | 133 | 1353 |
South Carolina | 635 | 612 | 44 | .509 | 129 | 1279 |
Kentucky | 653 | 647 | 44 | .502 | 133 | 1344 |
Mississippi State | 586 | 609 | 39 | .491 | 124 | 1234 |
Vanderbilt | 618 | 665 | 50 | .482 | 134 | 1333 |
Total | 10,470 | 7,242 | 636 | .588 | 129 | 18,384 |
Sun Belt Conference
School | Won | Lost | Tied | Pct. | Years | Total Games |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coastal Carolina | 166 | 89 | 0 | .651 | 21 | 255 |
Appalachian State | 664 | 354 | 29 | .648 | 94 | 1047 |
James Madison | 369 | 221 | 4 | .625 | 51 | 594 |
Georgia Southern | 418 | 253 | 10 | .621 | 60 | 681 |
Southern Miss | 613 | 460 | 26 | .570 | 107 | 1099 |
Troy | 575 | 431 | 28 | .570 | 103 | 1034 |
Old Dominion | 92 | 79 | 0 | .538 | 13 | 171 |
Marshall | 628 | 571 | 47 | .523 | 124 | 1246 |
Texas State | 533 | 500 | 25 | .516 | 109 | 1058 |
Louisiana | 565 | 580 | 34 | .494 | 122 | 1179 |
Arkansas State | 496 | 525 | 37 | .486 | 109 | 1058 |
South Alabama | 83 | 92 | 0 | .474 | 15 | 175 |
UL Monroe | 325 | 464 | 8 | .413 | 73 | 797 |
Georgia State | 61 | 106 | 0 | .365 | 14 | 167 |
Total | 5,588 | 4,725 | 248 | .541 | 72.6 | 10,561 |
References
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.