Bailiaspis
Temporal range:
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
†Trilobita
Order:
†Ptychopariida
Suborder:
†Ptychopariina
Superfamily:
†Ptychoparioidea
Family:
†Conocoryphidae
Genus:
†Bailiaspis

Species

See text

Bailiaspis dalmani (Angelin, 1854), basal Whitesands Bay Formation, Porth-y-rhaw; cast of external mould of cephalon and incomplete thorax figured Salter & Hicks (1869, pl. 2, fig 8) as holotype of Conocoryphe bufo Hicks, and Lake (1940, pl. 40, figs 15, 16) as B. dalmani. Scale bar represents 5 mm.

Bailiaspis Resser, 1936,[1] is a Middle Cambrian (Miaolingian) trilobite genus belonging to the Family Conocoryphidae Angelin, 1854. Within the Acado-Baltic region, the genus ranges from Wuliuan into Guzhangian age strata (Ptychagnostus gibbus to Lejopyge laevigata Biozones in terms of Scandinavian biostratigraphic terminology).

Diagnosis

A genus of Conocoryphidae in which backward expansion of the anterior cranidial border and the border furrow arched sharply towards posterior (sag) combine to form a distinct medial 'plectrum'.[2][3]

Species

Type species: Conocephalites elegans Hartt in Dawson, 1868, by original designation.[4][5] From the Middle Cambrian, Chamberlain's Brook Formation (Fossil Brook Member), Eccaparadoxides eteminicus Zone, of Saint John, New Brunswick.

other species

  • B. dalmani (Angelin, 1854)[6] [= Conocoryphe bufo Hicks, 1869].[7]
  • B. glabrata (Angelin, 1854) [= Holocephalina agrauloides Sdzuy, 1966,[8] by ontogeny].[9]
  • B. nicholasi Resser, 1936, p. 14 [= B. glabrata according to Young et al. (1994, p. 354, fig. 9 g, k, n and ?m)].[10]
  • B. venusta Resser, 1937 [= B. prominens Resser, 1937, according to Kim et al., 2002, p. 830].
  • B. inflata Lake, 1940[11]
  • B. tuberculata Lake, 1940
  • B. cf. tuberculata Lake, 1940 and B. aff. tuberculata Lake, 1940[12]
  • B. latigenae Hutchinson, 1962[13]
  • B. griffei (Courtessole, 1967)[14]
  • B. menneri Korobov, 1973[15]
  • B. bobrovi Korobov, 1973
  • B. jakutensis Korobov, 1973
  • B. botomensis Korobov, 1973
  • B. picta Korobov, 1973
  • B. curta Korobov, 1973
  • B. senonta Korobov, 1973

Distribution

  • B. dalmani (Angelin, 1854) occurs in Southern Sweden in the Exsulans Limestone and immediately adjacent shale layers at various locations (Scania: Brantevik and Gislövshammar; Kiviks-Esperöd; Andrarum; Fågelsång; also Borgholm on the island of Öland at the same stratigraphic horizon. Hicks collected 'Conocoryphe' bufo from the ' Paradoxides aurora Zone' near the base of the Whitesands Bay Formation (formerly 'Upper Solva Beds') and Ptychagnostus gibbus Biozone at Porth-y-rhaw, St David's, South West Wales (Rees et al., 2014).[16] The Whitesands Bay Formation is conventionally referred to the biozone of Paradoxides aurora, following Hicks (1881).[17] However, that species is a probable subjective junior synonym of Mawddachites hicksii, and so no independent aurora biozone can be recognized.
  • B. glabrata (Angelin, 1854) [= Holocephalina agrauloides Sdzuy, 1966, and B. nicholasi Resser, 1936] was originally derived from the Zone of Solenopleura brachymetopa (Andrarum Limestone) of Andrarum, Scania and at the same horizon on the Danish island of Bornholm (Westergard, 1950, p. 31). The species also occurs in the Manuels River Formation, davidis Zone of Deep Cove, Cape St Mary's Peninsula, Newfoundland [Fletcher, 2007, p. 86, (fig. 56, p. 67)],[18] in the Valtorres Formation (Guzhangian) at Purujosa, Iberian Chains, NE Spain (Álvarez et al. 2013), and in the lower part of the Jbel Lmgaysmat Formation in the central Anti-Atlas of Morocco.[19] Westergård (1950, p. 31) noted that "An incomplete and somewhat distorted cranidium identified as Conocoryphe cf. dalmani by Nicholas (1916)[20] and later described and illustrated by Lake (1940) under the name of Bailiaspis nicholasi Resser MS. (1936, p.14), seems to agree with glabrata", an opinion upheld by Young et al. (1994). The specimen was obtained from Nicholas's (1915)[21] 'thin calcareous grit' that spans the junction of the Nant-y-big and Maentwrog Formations near Nant-y-big, Porth Ceiriad, North West Wales and the fauna indicates correlation with the Andrarum Limestone (Solenopleura brachymetopa and Lejopyge Laevigata biozones) of Andrarum, Scania, Sweden. Poorly preserved specimens assigned to Bailiaspis cf. glabrata have also been reported from the upper Languedocian strata of the Coulouma-Refescals sector of the southern Montagne Noire (Courtessole, Pillet & Vizcaïno, 1988; Álvaro & Vizcaïno, 1998).[22][23]
  • B. venusta Resser, 1937 [= B. prominens Resser, 1937, according to Kim et al., 2002, p. 830]. Collected from the Fossil Brook Member of the Chamberlain's Brook Formation, P. bennettii zone on Manuels River (Hutchinson, 1962, p. 101)
  • B. inflata Lake, 1940. Comley Breccia Bed (Bb 1), = upper gibbus – fissus Biozones Comley, Shropshire, England (Rushton in Rushton et al. 2011, fig. 12, p. 32).[24] Also recorded by Fletcher (2007, p. 67, pl. 34, fig. 30) from the Chamberlain's Brook Formation, Agraulos affinis Zone in Wester Cove of Branch, St. Mary's Bay, Newfoundland. Fletcher stated (p. 74), however, that "the species close to Bailiaspis inflata in this A. affinis faunal assemblage may indicate a slightly earlier occurrence than the type specimen" from Comley.
  • B. tuberculata Lake, 1940. Recorded from Illing's (1916)[25] level A4 in the Abbey Shale Formation of Nuneaton, Warwickshire, central England. Illing assigned his level A4 to the former Paradoxides aurora Zone (now abandoned) which has been correlated with some reserve to the Ptychagnostus gibbus Biozone (Rushton, 1979,[26] 1999,[27] 2011; Rees et al., 2014). B. cf. tuberculata, B. aff. tuberculata and B. sp. occur in the Mansilla Formation of the Iberian Chains, NE Spain and indicate a range from the Eccaparadoxides asturianus Zone (upper Leonian) to the lowermost Badulesia tenera Zone (lower Caesaraugustan), which correspond to the late Wuliuan ["upper part of Stage 5 of Cambrian Series 3"] and, probably, the lowermost Drumian Stages (Chirivella Martorell et al., 2017).
  • B. latigenae Hutchinson, 1962 (Pl. 14, figures 7a, b, 8) was collected from a loose limestone nodule at only one beach locality in Deep Cove, St. Mary's Bay. The north and west shores of Deep Cove expose a section through Elliott Cove, Manuels River, and Chamberlain's Brook Formations and judging from the faunal association the nodule must have come from the hicksii, or the lowest part of the davidis zone within the Manuels River Formation.
  • B. griffei (Courtessole, 1967) is from the Middle Cambrian La Gardie Formation, Point 13, Ferrals-les-Montagnes, Hérault, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
  • B. menneri Korobov, 1973 is from the Middle Cambrian Olenek Formation of the Siberian Platform, Russia.
  • B. bobrovi Korobov, 1973
  • B. jakutensis Korobov, 1973
  • B. botomensis Korobov, 1973
  • B. picta Korobov, 1973
  • B. curta Korobov, 1973
  • B. senonta Korobov, 1973

Notes

  • B. dalmani is clearly closely related to the type species, B. elegans (Hartt in Dawson) from the E. eteminicus Zone of New Brunswick. The species was redescribed and reillustrated by Matthew (1885, p. 1 15, figs. 18 - 34) and by Kim et al. (2002, p. 831, Fig. 6, 8–10) and any apparent variance may in future prove attributable to preservation. However, a close comparison of further material is required to verify whether the Swedish form is actually a subjective senior synonym of elegans.
  • Conocoryphe emarginata Linnarsson (Westergård, 1950, pl. 5, figs. 1–4) was originally assigned to Bailiaspis by Resser (1936, p. 19) but transferred to Bailiella Matthew, 1885, by Westergård (1936, p. 58).[28]

Other species previously assigned to Bailiaspis and listed below have more recently been transferred by Kim et al. (2002, p. 830) to Bailiella Matthew, 1885:[29]

  • B. meridiana Sdzuy, 1958.[30]
  • B. howelli Hutchinson (1962, pl. 14, figs. 1 – 4).
  • B. cf. howelli Hutchinson (1962, pl. 14, figs. 5 – 6).

Cladistic analyses of the Conocoryphidae by Cotton (2000, p. 193)[31] gave strong evidence that Bailiaspis glabrata (Angelin, 1854) should also be assigned to the genus Bailiella, as tentatively suggested by Sdzuy (1966), although subsequent authors (e.g. Kim et al., 2002) have for now preferred to retain the species in Bailiaspis.

See also

References

  1. ↑ RESSER, C. E., 1936. Second contribution to nomenclature of Cambrian trilobites. Smithsonian Misc. Coll. (Washington), 95 (4). pp. 1 - 29
  2. ↑ WESTERGÅRD, A. H. 1950. Non-agnostidean trilobites of the Middle Cambrian of Sweden, II. Sveriges Geologiska Underso Èkning, Series C, 511, 1 - 56.
  3. ↑ KIM, D. H., WESTROP, S. R., LANDING, E. 2002. Middle Cambrian (Acadian Series) conocoryphid and paradoxidid trilobites from the Upper Chamberlain's Brook Formation, Newfoundland and New Brunswick. Journal of Paleontology, 76 (05): 822 - 842. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305883546_Middle_Cambrian_Acadian_Series_conocoryphid_and_paradoxidid_trilobites_from_the_Upper_Chamberlain's_Brook_Formation_Newfoundland_and_New_Brunswick
  4. ↑ DAWSON, J. W. 1868. Acadian geology. The geological structure, organic remains and mineral resources of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island, etc. 2nd edition. London, xxvi, 694 pp.
  5. ↑ RESSER, C. E., 1937. New species of Cambrian trilobites of the family Conocoryphidae. Journal of Paleontology, 11, 39 – 42. (Stable URL)
  6. ↑ ANGELIN, N. P. 1854. Palaeontologia Scandinavica: Academiae Regiae Scientiarum Suecanae (Holmiae). Pars II, pp. i-ix, 25 - 92
  7. ↑ HICKS, H. in SALTER, J. W. and HICKS, H. 1869. On some fossils from the 'Menevian Group'. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London. vol. 25 (1): p. 52, pl. 2, fig. 8.
  8. ↑ SDZUY, K. 1966. Das Kambrium des Frankenwaldes. 2, Die Bergleshof-Schichten und ihre Trilobiten-Fauna. Senckenbergiana Lethaea, 47, 57 – 86.
  9. ↑ ÁLVARO, J. J., ZAMORA, S., VIZCAÏNO, D., and AHLBERG, P. 2013. Guzhangian (mid Cambrian) trilobites from siliceous concretions of the Valtorres Formation, Iberian Chains, NE Spain. Geological Magazine, 150, pp. 123 - 142. doi:10.1017/S0016756812000416
  10. ↑ YOUNG, T., MARTIN, F., DEAN, W. T., & RUSHTON, A. W. A. 1994. Cambrian stratigraphy of St Tudwal's Peninsula, Gwynedd, northwest Wales. Geol. Mag., 131 (3), pp. 335 - 360.
  11. ↑ LAKE, P., 1940. A monograph of the British Cambrian Trilobites, Part 12. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, pp. 273-306, pls 40 - 43.
  12. ↑ CHIRIVELLA MARTORELL, J. B., LIÑÁN, E., DIEZ ÁLVAREZ, M. E., & GOZALO, R. 2017. Bailiaspis (Trilobita) with English affinities from the Mansilla Formation (Cambrian Series 3 of the Iberian Chains; NE Spain). [Bailiaspis (Trilobita) de afi nidad inglesa en la Formación Mansilla (Serie 3 del Cámbrico de la Cadena Ibérica; NE España)]. Spanish Journal of Palaeontology, 32 (1), 17 - 26.
  13. ↑ HUTCHINSON, R. D. 1962. Cambrian stratigraphy and trilobite faunas of southeastern Newfoundland. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada, 88, 156 pp.
  14. ↑ COURTESSOLE, R. 1967: Contribution a la connaissance de la Paleontologie et de la Stratigraphie du Cambrien moyen de la Montagne Noire (versant meridional). Bull. Soc. d'Hist. Nat. Toulouse, 103, 493 - 526 [1 - 32], Pls. 11 - 12 [1 - 2].
  15. ↑ KOROBOV, M. N., 1973. Trilobites of the family Conocoryphidae and their importance for the stratigraphy of Cambrian deposits. Trudy, Geologii Institut, Akademiia Nauk SSSR, 211, 176 pp. [In Russian]
  16. ↑ REES, A. J., THOMAS, A. T., LEWIS, M., HUGHES, H. E. & TURNER, P. 2014. The Cambrian of SW Wales: Towards a United Avalonian Stratigraphy. Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 42, 1–30.
  17. ↑ HICKS, H. 1881. The classification of the Eozoic and Lower Palaeozoic rocks of the British Isles. Popular Science Review, 5, 289 - 308.
  18. ↑ FLETCHER, T. P., 2007. Bedrock geology of the Cape St. Mary's Peninsula, map areas: Ship Cove (1M/SE), Placentia (1N/4-S), St. Bride's (1L/16) and St. Mary's (1K/13). Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Report 06 - 02, 117 pp. 1:50 000 map.
  19. ↑ ÁLVARO, J. J., VISCAÏNO, D. 2018. The Furongian break-up (rift/drift) unconformity in the central Anti-Atlas, Morocco. J Iber Geol 44, 567 – 587. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41513-018-0066-2.
  20. ↑ NICHOLAS, T. C. 1916. Notes on the trilobite fauna of the Middle Cambrian of the St. Tudwal's Peninsula (Caernarvonshire). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 71, 451 - 71.
  21. ↑ NICHOLAS, T. C. 1915. The geology of the St. Tudwal's Peninsula (Carnarvonshire). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 71, 83 - 141.
  22. ↑ COURTESSOLE, R., PILLET, J. & VIZCAÏNO, D. 1988. Stratigraphie et paléontologie du Cambrien moyen gréseux de la Montagne Noir (versant Méridional). Memoire de la Société d'Etudes Scientifiques de l'Aude, 55 pp.
  23. ↑ ÁLVARO, J. J. & VIZCAÏNO, D.1998. Révision biostratigraphique du Cambrien moyen du versant méridional de la Montagne Noire (Languedoc, France). Bulletin de la Société géologique de France 169, 233 - 42
  24. ↑ RUSHTON, A. W. A. 2011. Midland microcraton. In: A Revised Correlation of the Cambrian Rocks in the British Isles (eds RUSHTON, A. W. A., BRÜCK, P. M., MOLYNEUX, S .G., WILLIAMS, M. & WOODCOCK, N. H.). Geological Society of London, Special Report 25, 28 - 34.
  25. ↑ ILLING, V. C. 1916. The paradoxidian fauna of a part of the Stockingford Shales. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, London, 71 [for 1915], 386 – 450.
  26. ↑ RUSHTON, A. W. A. 1979. A review of the Middle Cambrian Agnostida from the Abbey Shales, England. Alcheringa 3: 43-61.
  27. ↑ RUSHTON, A. W. A., OWEN, A. W., OWENS, R. M. & PRIGMORE, J. K. 1999. British Cambrian to Ordovician Stratigraphy. Geological Conservation Review Series no. 18. xxi + 435 pp.
  28. ↑ WESTERGÅRD, A. H., 1936: Paradoxides oelandicus beds of Öland, with the account of a diamond boring through the Cambrian at Mossberga. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning C 394, 1 – 66.
  29. ↑ MATTHEW, G. F. 1885. The fauna of the St. John Group continued. On the Conocoryphea, with further remarks on Paradoxides. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 2, 99 - 124.
  30. ↑ SDZUY, K. 1958. Neue Trilobiten aus dem Mittelkambrium von Spanien. Senckenbergiana lethaea, 39, 235 – 53.
  31. ↑ COTTON, T. J. 2001. 'The phylogeny and systematics of blind Cambrian Ptychoparioid trilobites. Palaeontology, Vol. 44, Part 1, pp. 167 - 207, 4 pls.
  • "Bailiaspis" at the Encyclopedia of Life
  • "Bailiaspis". Fossilworks. Retrieved 9 July 2016 from the Paleobiology Database.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)


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