Conscience of the Fatherland (Spanish: Conciencia de Patria, abbreviated CONDEPA) was a populist political party in Bolivia in the late 20th century. The party was led by Carlos Palenque.

Goals

CONDEPA was founded in Tiwanaku on September 21, 1988.[1][2] The party was primarily based in the La Paz Department.[2]

CONDEPA was the first major party in Bolivia that appealed to the cultural identity of the Aymaras, the indigenous majority of the country.[3] It borrowed katarista symbols and used the wiphala flag.[4] Palenque often used references to Aymara culture in his campaigns.[1]

Election history

The party won strong support amongst urban poor, amongst Aymaras that had migrated to the urban centres.[3]

CONDEPA lost the mayoral post of La Paz in 1995.[1]

At the time of the 1999 elections the CONDEPA was a party in crisis.[5] It was discredited by having entered into Hugo Banzer's government.[3] The party had suffered the death of its leader Carlos Palenque, and divisions had erupted amongst his successors. Moreover, the influence of the mass media connected to the party had decreased significantly.[5] As the party lost the municipal contest in El Alto in these elections, it lost its last remaining political stronghold in the country.[6]

Ahead of the 2002 general election, CONDEPA launched Nicolás Valdivia as its presidential candidate and Esperanza Huanca as vice-presidential candidate.[7] CONDEPA lost all of its 22 seats in the Congress of Bolivia in the elections. The implosion of CONDEPA enabled the nascent Movement for Socialism to gain a wide following amongst indigenous urban poor.[3] CONDEPA-Patriotic Movement lost its registration at the National Electoral Court shortly after the 2002 election.[8]

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Fiscalía investigará a vocales de la CNE por caso Condepa". lostiempos.com. 2006-02-13. Archived from the original on 2012-02-29. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
  2. 1 2 "El legado de Condepa y del "compadre" Carlos Palenque". caracol.com. 2008-07-16. Archived from the original on 2013-01-01.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Van Cott, Donna Lee (November 2003). "From Exclusion to Inclusion: Bolivia's 2002 Elections". Journal of Latin American Studies. 35 (4): 751–775. doi:10.1017/S0022216X03006977. JSTOR 3875831. S2CID 147569474.
  4. ↑ Van Cott, Donna Lee (2007). From Movements to Parties in Latin America: The Evolution of Ethnic Politics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521707039. p. 84
  5. 1 2 Toranzo Roca, Carlos (2006). Rostros de la democracia: una mirada mestiza. Plural Ed. [u.a.] ISBN 9789990586930. p. 406
  6. ↑ Lazar, Sian (2008). Alto, Rebel City: Self and Citizenship in Andean Bolivia. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822341543. p. 93
  7. ↑ "Elecciones Generales Bolivia 2002". bolivia.com. 2002.
  8. ↑ "Cuatro partidos políticos pierden personería jurídica". eldiario.net. 2005. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
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