Croatian Canadians
Hrvati u Kanadi, Hrvatski Kanađani or Kanadski Hrvati
Total population
200,000 (2020)[1]
Regions with significant populations
Toronto, Vancouver, Windsor, Montreal, Calgary, Edmonton, Hamilton, Winnipeg, Ottawa, Waterloo Region
Languages
Canadian English, Canadian French, Croatian
Religion
Majority Christian
Related ethnic groups
Croatian Americans, European Canadians, Yugoslav Canadians

Croatian Canadians (French: Canadiens d'origine Croate) are Canadian citizens who are of Croatian descent. The community exists in major cities including the Greater Toronto Area, Hamilton, Ottawa, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Windsor, Montreal and Waterloo Region.

Popular events celebrated in the Croatian-Canadian community include the Canadian-Croatian Folklore Festival (held both in eastern and western Canada), the Croatian-North American Soccer Tournament, North American Mladifest and annual Croatia days, organised by Croatian Cultural Centre in Vancouver.[2]

Demographics

There were approximately 114,880 Canadians of Croatian ethnic origin as reported in the 2011 Census compiled by Statistics Canada,[3] rising to 133,965 by the 2016 Census.[1] Although predominantly found in Ontario, Croatian Canadians are present in most major Canadian cities throughout the country. The ten largest Croatian communities are found in the following cities:[4]

The town with the largest percentage of people of Croatian ethnic origin is Kenaston, Saskatchewan - 17.5% of its 285 inhabitants claim Croatian ethnic origin. Statistics Canada also designates Census Metropolitan Areas in the collection of its data. The ten Census Metropolitan Areas with the highest concentration of Croatian Canadians are:[4]

Religious affiliation

Most Croatian Canadians are Roman Catholic who follow the Latin Rite of their ancestors in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. This is in line with the population in Croatia, which is also majority Catholic. A very small minority of Croatians are Byzantine Rite Roman Catholics. There is also a very small community of Croats who follow Islam, the descendants of those who converted after the 16th century, after the conquest of much of Croatia by the Ottomans. Communities of Protestants have historically been negligible in Croatia.

Catholicism

In Canada, the first ethnic Croatian parish was established in Windsor in 1950. Soon, parishes were established in Toronto (1951), Hamilton (1958),[5] Vancouver (1967), Winnipeg (1968). Today there are ethnic Croatian parishes and missions in seventeen cities in Canada. One of the most prominent Croatian Catholic parishes is the Queen of Peace Catholic Church in Norval, Ontario. The establishment of the parish began in 1976 when community members, under the guidance of the Franciscan Friars, gathered for one evening to discuss the necessity and logistics of creating a place of gathering and cultural and faith building and preservation for the large Croatian immigrant population. In May 1977, 160 acres of property were purchased by the organizing committee with the specific dedication to Croatian Catholics.[6] In the Norval Croatian Centre, as is in many other Croatian Catholic parishes, brochures, books, CDs and other forms of Croatian media are offered.

The Croatian Catholic youth in particular have started and taken part in many faith developments of their own. The Croatian Catholic Youth Group (CCY) is a faith-based group that comes together by schedule to discuss Catholic subjects and strengthen their religious belief.[7] In addition, Mladifest is an annual event started in 2013 by the Queen of Peace Parish and has each year attracted hundreds of young Catholic Croatian to further explore the intersection of their faith and culture. As the event continued to develop over the years, the rotation of it between host parishes started, with the 2013, 2014, and 2015 Mladifest being in Norval, 2016 in Sacred Heart, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 2017 in Immaculate Heart of Mary, Vancouver, British Columbia, 2018 in Croatian Martys Church, Mississauga, Ontario, and 2019 in Saint Nicholas Tavelic, Montreal, Quebec.[8] It is an event funded by each parishes' members donations and contributions to bake sales, banquets and other events held to amass funds.

Other Christian

While an overwhelming percentage of Croatians in Canada remain Roman Catholic, there are non-Catholic populations, including Protestants (most of whom have been in Canada for more than one generation) and Eastern Orthodox (the majority of whom are of mixed ethnic background).

Islam

Previously unorganized Croats of the Muslim faith, with the arrival of eminent physician Asaf Duraković[9] founded the Croatian Islamic Centre[10] on June 23, 1973 in Etobicoke (75 Birmingham Street, Etobicoke, ON M8V 2C3),[11] helped by the Croatian Catholic community.[9][12] An old Catholic school was bought for 75,000 CAD and readjusted into masjid. Since the old building was in bad condition, a new mosque was built on the site of the old one in 1983.[9]

Today, given changing political affiliations and political pressures from 1990's, and influx of non-Croat option of Bosnian Muslims, the center is now known as the Bosnian Islamic Centre. Despite that, today 4 out of 64 Canadian mosques have the attribute "Croatian".[11] In Croatian Islamic Centre the children are taught the Croatian and Arabic languages, but there also Croatian Islamic newspapers, books, brochures, etc.[12][13][14] Croatian Islamic Center called on Muslim governments, organisations, and individuals to press the Yugoslav regime, to end the persecution of Islam and to grant genuin equality of Muslims in Yugoslavia. The director of Centre Kerim Reis wanted that Belgrade releases the Muslim prisoners of conscience and to end to restrictions on the building of mosques.[15] During Yugoslavia, this group often spoke accused Tito's Yugoslavia for practising discrimination both Muslim and Catholic Croats.[16]

Culture

Folklore

The Croatian Folklore Federation of Canada (Croatian: Hrvatsko-kanadski folklorni savez) was founded in Sudbury on 27 October 1973, after successfully organised Folk Dance Festival.[17] First Canadian-Croatian Folklore Festival was organised in Sudbury in 1975, as well as first folklore seminars. Western-Canadian section of CFFC was established in Edmonton in the beginning of the year 1978. On 20 and 21 May 1978, CFFC West held fourth edition of the Festival.[17] Western and Eastern section of the CFFC held three joint festival editions (Sudbury 1983, Winnipeg 1987 and Calgary 2000). Federation also organised three festivals in Croatia: two in Zagreb (12 and 13 July of 1991 and 1997) and one in Split (10 and 11 July 2004).[17] Federation also organises Tamburafest, with different hosts every year (Jadran Toronto in 2017, KUD Vukovar in 2018, FEC Mississauga in 2019, Vatroslav Lisinski - Mississauga in 2022).[18]

Music

Group of Croatian emigrants in Vancouver, fishermen from Sumartin, started in 1979 Klapa "Zvonimir", as a form of immigrant singing society.[19] In the first decade Klapa was active in a form of traditional klapa, in informal and occasional ways. When Croatian ethnomusicologist Joško Ćaleta became a director, Klapa transformed into festival klapa type, formal and organised setting.[19] While Ćaleta was conductor, Klapa "Zvonimir" was double winner of the best ethnic choir award in Canada (1994 and 1996).[20]

Organisations

In 1928, Croatian emmigrants founded Croatian National Home of Hamilton (Croatian: Hrvatski narodni dom) in Hamilton, Ontario.[21]

Sport

Soccer

Clubs
  • Croatia Norval SC, Ontario[22]
  • Mississagua Croatia SC
  • Hamilton Croatia
  • Toronto Croatia
  • Windsor Croatia
  • CSC Oakville HRVAT
  • HNK Livno
  • Kitchener - Waterloo Croatia
  • Ottawa Jadran
  • HNNK HRVAT St. Catharines
  • London Croatia
  • HNK Zagreb Toronto
  • HNNK Dalmacija Streetsville
  • Croatia “Adria” SC Sudbury
  • Winnipeg Croatia
  • Calgary Croatia
  • Edmonton Croatia
  • Vancouver Croatia
Tournaments
  • HNNS Youth Tournament[23]

Notable Croatian Canadians

Businesspeople

Politicians

Scientists

  • Asaf Durakovic - physician and expert in nuclear medicine and depleted uranium; poet

Arts and entertainment

Athletes

Political activists

Other

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables". statcan.gc.ca. 25 October 2017.
  2. ↑ Croatia days Archived 2023-04-25 at the Wayback Machine croatiancentre.com. Croatian Cultural Centre
  3. ↑ Statistics Canada (8 May 2013). "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables". Retrieved 14 February 2014.
  4. 1 2 "Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables - Immigrant status and period of immigration, 2016 counts, both sexes, age (Total), Canada and census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". 25 October 2017.
  5. ↑ "Hamilton: Proslavljena 65. obljetnica osnutka hrvatske Župe Svetog Križa". ika.hkm.hr (in Croatian). Informative Catholic Agency. 21 September 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  6. ↑ "Povijest Župe - Our History".
  7. ↑ "CROATIAN CATHOLIC YOUTH - HOME". www.croatiancatholicyouth.com. Archived from the original on 2016-01-06.
  8. ↑ "Mladifest". Archived from the original on 2019-12-10. Retrieved 2019-12-11.
  9. 1 2 3 Poskok.info Fikret Artuković: Toronto slavi 35 godina hrvatske džamije (picture)
  10. ↑ Salatomatic - Croatian Islamic Centre
  11. 1 2 "Toronto: 'Hrvatska' džamija slavi 35 godina postojanja!" [Toronto: 'Croatian' mosque celbrates 35th anniversary!] (in Croatian). BH raja.ca. June 24, 2008. Archived from the original on April 22, 2012.
  12. 1 2 Vinko Grubisic: Croatians in Toronto, From: Polyphony Vol.6, 1984 pp. 88-91 Archived 2011-07-06 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ↑ Google Books Massacre of Croatians in Bosnia-Hercegovina and Sandžak, Croatian Islamic Centre (Toronto, Ontario, Canada), 1978
  14. ↑ Mushtak Parker: Muslims in Yugoslavia: The quest for justice, Croatian Islamic Center, 1986, ASIN: B0006EVF9U
  15. ↑ Google Books The Light, Vol. 20-21, Bilal Muslim Mission of Tanzania, 1986
  16. ↑ Google Books Paul R. Magocsi,Multicultural History Society of Ontario: Encyclopedia of Canada's peoples
  17. 1 2 3 History/Povijest hkfsavez.com. Croatian Folklore Federation of Canada. Access date 24 May 2023.
  18. ↑ Tambura fest hkfsavez.com. Croatian Folklore Federation of Canada. Access date 24 May 2023.
  19. 1 2 Ćaleta 1997, p. 129.
  20. ↑ Joško Caleta umbc.edu. University of British Columbia in Vancouver. Access date 24 May 2023.
  21. ↑ "Oldest Croatian cultural organization in Canada celebrates 95th anniversary". croatiaweek.com. Croatia Week. 24 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
  22. ↑ "Contact us". Croatia Norval SC. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  23. ↑ "43rd HNNS Youth Tournament". Croatia Norval SC. Retrieved 16 June 2023.

Literature

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