DeWitt Clinton High School
Address
100 W Mosholu Pkwy

Bronx
,
New York
10468

United States
Coordinates40°52′52″N 73°53′11″W / 40.8811°N 73.8865°W / 40.8811; -73.8865
Information
TypePublic
Established1897 (1897)
School districtNew York City Geographic District #10
NCES School ID360008701940[1]
PrincipalPierre Orbe[2]
Teaching staff84.67 (on an FTE basis)[1]
Grades9-12
Enrollment1,026 (2021-2022)[1]
Student to teacher ratio12.12[1]
CampusCity: Large
Color(s)Red and Black
   
MascotGovernors
NewspaperThe Clinton News
YearbookClintonian
Websitewww.dewittclintonhs.com

DeWitt Clinton High School is a public high school located since 1929 in The Bronx, New York. Opened in 1897 in Lower Manhattan as an all-boys school, it maintained that status for 86 years. In 1983, it became co-ed. From its original building on West 13th Street in Manhattan, it moved in 1906 to its second home, located at 59th Street and Tenth Avenue (now the site of the John Jay College of Criminal Justice). In 1929, the school moved to its present home on Mosholu Parkway in The Bronx, across from the renowned Bronx High School of Science.

After more than a century of operations, producing a raft of accomplished alumni, DeWitt Clinton High School in the early 21st century has faced serious problems involving student performance, gang culture, and security.[3][4]

History

Manhattan history

Haaren Hall in 2008

Clinton opened in 1897 at 60 West 13th Street at the northern end of Greenwich Village under the name of Boys High School,[5] although this Boys High School was not related to the one in Brooklyn. This school was renamed for former New York governor DeWitt Clinton in 1900.[5]

In 1906, it moved to a newly constructed building on Tenth Avenue between 58th Street and 59th Street in the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood—the same year as the opening of the nearby DeWitt Clinton Park where students farmed plots in what was the first community garden in New York.

The school's H-shaped building, designed by C. B. J. Snyder, was said to be the biggest high school building in the United States at the time.[6] After the school moved to the Bronx, this building became Haaren High School. It is now Haaren Hall on the campus of the John Jay College of Criminal Justice.[7]

Until a high school education became compulsory in the early 1930s, Clinton, like all other public schools in the city, had a Classics Department, where Greek and Latin were taught. Perhaps its most famous teacher was history teacher Dr. Irwin Guernsey, known to generations of students as "Doc" Guernsey. He came to Clinton in the fall of 1914 and retired in the spring of 1959, due to illness. Using two "Irish" canes, he taught from the chair and won twice in his lifetime the title of Master Teacher in New York City. He was also head of the Honors Association, Arista. The History wing is named "Guernsey Hall" in his memory, and one can still see the library cart named "Doc's Special" on which he sat while students wheeled him to class during the last years of his tenure when he was sick.[8]

The Bronx history

DeWitt Clinton High School front view.

The school moved to a new building on a 21-acre (85,000 m2) campus at 100 West Mosholu Parkway South and East 205th Street in the Bedford Park section of the Bronx in 1929,[5] where it has remained. Paul Avenue, which runs to the side of the school from Mosholu Parkway to Lehman College, is named after a DeWitt Clinton High School principal, Dr. Paul. It was under this principal that the school moved to its current location in the Bronx.

In the 1930s, its enrollment peaked at 12,000 and it was said to be the largest high school in the world. Enrollment by 1999 was about 4,000.[9][10] In 2021, the New York City Department of Education reports 1,118 students.[11]

It remained the last gender-segregated public school in New York City until 1983.

In 1996, Clinton was selected by Redbook magazine as one of the five most improved schools in America. In 1999, U.S. News & World Report designated Clinton as one of 96 outstanding schools in America.[9]

In 1999, Geraldine Ambrosio became the first woman to hold the principal's post at the school.

The school qualifies for government aid because of the low income status of its students. As of 2006, the school has a large Hispanic population, followed by African-Americans, Asians, non-Hispanic Whites, and Albanians.[12]

Clinton received poor evaluations from the New York City Department of Education in its 2010–11 Progress Report. It received a grade of F (39.4 out of 100) with the worst marks in school environment and closing the achievement gap.[13] The Quality Report for the academic year 2011-12 rated the school as "underdeveloped", its lowest rating. It particularly faulted the school for failing to design "engaging, rigorous and coherent curricula" and for failing to ensure that teaching was "aligned to the curriculum, engaging, and differentiated to enable all students to produce meaningful work products."[14] In 2013, to address these issues, the city's Department of Education tapped Santiago Taveras, one of its former deputy chancellors, as the school's principal to replace the retiring Ambrosio.[15] In November 2016, after Department of Education investigators found evidence of grade tampering, Taveras was removed as principal.[16]

Organization-houses and small learning communities

Clinton is split into several small learning communities. They include the Macy Honors Gifted Program (internally often called the Macy House), Health Professions, Veterinary Professions, Public Service, Business Enterprise, Future Educators, Academy House, and Varsity House.

The Macy Program, begun in 1985 with funding from the Macy Foundation,[9] attracts intelligent, hard-working children and preparing them for exceptionally selective colleges. The Macy program has been expanded to serve 1,200 students. The current Macy coordinator is Ernesta Consolazio.[17] The Macy Honors Gifted Program in the Sciences and Humanities has its own teachers, and a nine-period day compared to the regular New York City eight-period day. The program offers Specialized and Advanced Technology (SMT) courses, Science, Math, English, Law, Government, Philosophy and Great Books. All students in the program are required to have a minimum average of 80 and not to fail any courses. When Macy students are removed from the program, they are placed in Excel, a special Macy-run program just for its kick-outs and drop-outs, before being fully demoted to the lower programs. From at least 1998 to 2002, some students went directly into the Excel program.

Advanced Macy students are invited to join the even more selective Einstein Program, which has about 50 students in each grade. This program has even more rigorous academic performance requirements. Einstein students in their junior year are required to take a College Now course for philosophy and government science, in their first and second semester, respectively. These courses allow students to earn college credits. Einstein students are automatically assigned to honors and AP classes as early as freshman year, followed by the mandatory AP United States History and AP English Language for Einstein students who make it to their junior year.

Many Macy students are invited to MASTERS, a month-long summer program that offers many hands-on college courses emphasizing mathematics and science. These include Forensic Science, Robotics, Anatomy, Business, Consumer Chemistry and Electricity.

Student organizations

The school has over 40 academic and interest clubs.

The Clinton News, the school's newspaper,[18] is written and managed by its students. However, like many other outstanding Clinton possessions, The Clinton News publishes several multi-page full color papers a year by a grant from the Christian A. Johnson Endeavour Foundation.

Another Clinton High School publication is The Magpie. Published yearly, the historic color edition of this magazine came out May 2007. This literary collection received the most attention for its association with the Harlem Renaissance.[19]

Sports

DeWitt Clinton High School athletic field.

DeWitt Clinton teams are known as the Governors; there are approximately 35 teams. Some teams no longer exist, such as fencing and rifle. Teams for the 2007–2008 school year included:[20]

  • Baseball: boys' varsity, boys' JV
  • Basketball: boys' varsity, boys' JV, girls' varsity, girls' JV
  • Bowling: boys' varsity, girls' varsity
  • Cricket: co-ed
  • Cross country: boys' varsity, girls' varsity
  • Football: boys' varsity, boys' JV
  • Golf: girls' varsity
  • Gymnastics: boys' varsity, girls' varsity
  • Handball: girls' varsity
  • Indoor track: boys' varsity, girls' varsity
  • Outdoor track: boys' varsity, girls' varsity
  • Soccer: boys' varsity, girls' varsity
  • Softball: girls' varsity, girls' JV
  • Step: girls
  • Swimming: boys' varsity, girls' varsity
  • Tennis: boys' varsity, girls' varsity
  • Volleyball: boys' varsity, girls' varsity
  • Wrestling: boys' varsity

The cricket team's formation was encouraged by the large number of South Asians.[21]

School facilities

DeWitt Clinton High School front panorama

DeWitt Clinton High School is located at 100 West Mosholu Parkway South. It dominates the entire block, excluding the ground at the south where the Bronx High School of Science is situated. Facing the main entrance of the building, Paul Avenue runs to the east and Goulden Avenue to the west. The school faces Mosholu Parkway, and has its turf field and track behind it, followed by the softball field, and then the school's baseball and grass football field, Alumni Field. It is after this point that DeWitt Clinton's territory ends, meeting that of Bronx Science.[22]

Clinton has a small branch of Montefiore Medical Clinic within it, capable of supplying essential services to the students of the campus.[23]

The ceiling of a hallway had a 1930s mural by Alfred Floegel called "Constellations", a part of the Federal Art Project. In 2018 the mural was painted over accidentally as part of a roof repair.[24]

In the media

The institution was featured in A Walk Through The Bronx with David Hartman and historian Barry Lewis. In it, Hartman and Lewis take a peek at the library.[25]

The DeWitt Clinton Chorus performed songs in the 2000 production, Finding Forrester.[26]

A book has been written about the school: Pelisson, Gerard J., and James A. Garvey III (2009). The Castle on the Parkway: The Story of New York City's DeWitt Clinton High School and Its Extraordinary Influence on American Life. Hutch Press. ISBN 978-1-883269-30-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Clintonites made headlines and New York City School history in September 2005, when they walked out. The 1,500 strong walk out was a result of the installation of metal detectors.[27]

Notable alumni

Records

  • DeWitt Clinton High School students organized one of the largest high school walkouts in New York on September 19, 2005. The protest occurred over installation of airport-style metal detectors and X-ray scanners, which had already been installed in many other schools throughout New York City.[105]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Search for Public Schools - DEWITT CLINTON HIGH SCHOOL (360008701940)". National Center for Education Statistics. Institute of Education Sciences. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
  2. ↑ "DeWitt Clinton High School". New York City Department of Education. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  3. ↑ Samuels, Tanyanika; Chapman, Ben (August 29, 2012). "DeWitt Clinton High School makes dishonor roll: Judged most heavily armed with 33 weapons seized, 252 'violent or disruptive' events in 2010". New York Daily News. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
  4. ↑ Trangle, Sarina (November 28, 2012). "Two 'F' grades in a row lead city to mull closing DeWitt Clinton". The Riverdale Press. Retrieved July 23, 2013.
  5. 1 2 3 Jackson, Kenneth T. The Encyclopedia of New York City, The New York Historical Society; Yale University Press; 1995. p.332.
  6. ↑ "To Open De Witt Clinton High School Bids; Detailed Plan for New Structure on Tenth Avenue. Designed to be the Largest Building and One of the Best Appointed for Such an Institution in the Country". The New York Times. May 10, 1903. p. 24.
  7. ↑ Nash, Eric P. (December 16, 2001). "F.Y.I." The New York Times. p. Section 14, pg. 2.
  8. ↑ "DOC GUERNSEY, 76, OF CLINTON DIES". The New York Times. February 23, 1970. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  9. 1 2 3 Lakhman, Marina. "Making it Work; F's to A's in the Bronx", The New York Times, March 14, 1999.
  10. ↑ The DeWitt Clinton Way, dewittclintonalumni.com. Retrieved July 30, 2008.
  11. ↑ "School". web. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
  12. ↑ "DeWitt Clinton safe from state takeover, for now". The Riverdale Press. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  13. ↑ Progress Report 2010-11: DeWitt Clinton High School New York City Department of Education. Accessed May 6, 2013.
  14. ↑ Quality Review Report, 2011-2012: DeWitt Clinton High School New York City Department of Education (Review dates: February 13–15, 2012). Accessed May 6, 2013.
  15. ↑ Anand, Anika (June 25, 2013). "Santiago Taveras, a former DOE official, returning as a principal". Gotham Schools. Retrieved July 23, 2013.
  16. ↑ Edelman, Susan; Algar, Selim (November 23, 2016). "Principal removed for changing grades to boost graduation rates". New York Post. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
  17. ↑ "Macy, Coordinator: P. McCabe-Department Information". Archived from the original on April 30, 2009. Retrieved March 29, 2008.
  18. ↑ "DeWitt Clinton High School- School Newspaper". Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved July 7, 2007.
  19. ↑ "The Magpie Sings The Great Depression". Archived from the original on October 9, 2007. Retrieved October 15, 2007.
  20. ↑ "PSAL School Profile". Retrieved July 30, 2007.
  21. ↑ "CD 10: Cricket Bowls Over Schools". Retrieved October 22, 2022.
  22. ↑ "DeWitt Clinton High School Google Maps". Retrieved November 2, 2007.
  23. ↑ "New York State Hospital Profile". Archived from the original on April 30, 2009. Retrieved December 28, 2007.
  24. ↑ "A historic decades-old mural was painted over at a New York high school during a repair project". CNN. June 18, 2018. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
  25. ↑ "A Walk Through The Bronx. about the Program". Retrieved December 28, 2007.
  26. ↑ "DeWitt Clinton High School Chorus". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. 2012. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved December 28, 2007.
  27. ↑ "The Real Cost of Prisons Weblog". Retrieved December 28, 2007.
  28. ↑ Buckman, Adam. "He's Agent 86'd – 'Get Smart' Star Don Adams Dies", The New York Post, September 27, 2005. Accessed September 14, 2009. "Graduated from DeWitt Clinton HS in The Bronx."
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "DeWitt Clinton High School, Bronx, New York". Retrieved July 30, 2007.
  30. ↑ Martin, Sandra (October 19, 2012). "Obituary: Former lieutenant-governor took discrimination as personal challenge". Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on October 23, 2015. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
  31. ↑ "Charles Alston Oral History Interview". Retrieved March 30, 2008.
  32. ↑ "About the Charles Henry Alston Papers", Archives of American Art. Accessed September 14, 2009. "Found here are Charles Henry Alston's resumes, vital information, a copied marriage certificate, memorial information, and educational records from Dewitt Clinton High School and Columbia University."
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 Allyn, Bobby (July 21, 2009). "DeWitt Clinton's Remarkable Alumni". City Room. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  34. ↑ Boehm. "Theater; Lured Back for One Last Great Role", Los Angeles Times, December 31, 2000. Accessed September 14, 2009. "Arbus says he yearned to be an actor from his early teens, when he had a moment of special clarity while playing in a student production at DeWitt Clinton High School."
  35. ↑ "Mainpage- Hoopedia". Retrieved July 22, 2009.
  36. ↑ Herzog, Bob; and Barker, Barbara. "Ewing, Five Former Knicks Among NBA's 50 Greatest", Newsday, October 30, 1996. Accessed September 14, 2009. "Three former Nets, Julius Erving (Roosevelt High), Rick Barry (Roselle Park, N.J., High) and Nate Archibald (DeWitt Clinton), also were selected"
  37. 1 2 Staff. "Richard Avedon", The Daily Telegraph, October 2, 2004. Accessed September 14, 2009. "He also edited the school magazine at DeWitt Clinton High, on which the black American writer James Baldwin was literary editor."
  38. ↑ "Axt, William - Discography of American Historical Recordings". adp.library.ucsb.edu. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  39. ↑ Miller, Bill. "Plus: Track and Field – National Scholastic Championships - Ayre of the Bronx Speeds to Victory", The New York Times, June 13, 1999. Accessed September 14, 2009. "Sanjay Ayre of the Bronx, who attended DeWitt Clinton but did not compete for the school this year as a senior, won the boys' 400 meters in a swift 46.25 seconds last night in the Foot Locker national scholastic championships at North Carolina State in Raleigh."
  40. 1 2 3 "The DWC Alumni Website- Notable Alumni Hall of Fame". Archived from the original on July 9, 2011. Retrieved April 2, 2008.
  41. 1 2 Lester, Julius. "Afterglow; BALDWIN Early Novels and Stories By James Baldwin Edited by Toni Morrison; The Library of America; Volume I: 970 pp., $35; Volume II: 870 pp., $35", Los Angeles Times, February 15, 1998. Accessed September 15, 2009. "He attended New York's prestigious DeWitt Clinton High, where his classmates included writers Emile Capouya and Sol Stein and photographer Richard Avedon. He graduated in 1942 and, upon the death of his stepfather a year later, moved to Greenwich Village."
  42. ↑ James Baldwin at aalbc.com
  43. 1 2 3 4 5 Kipen, David. "Flawed look at career of blacklisted director", San Francisco Chronicle, August 29, 2001. Accessed September 14, 2009.
  44. ↑ Van Gelder, Lawrence. "Martin Balsam Is Dead at 76; Ubiquitous Character Actor", The New York Times, February 14, 1996. Accessed September 14, 2009. "He grew up on Mosholu Parkway and became involved in theater and music at DeWitt Clinton High School."
  45. ↑ Saxon, Wolfgang (January 12, 1983). "ELLIOTT V. BELL IS DEAD AT 80; EX-EDITOR OF BUSINESS WEEK". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  46. ↑ Mallozzii, Vincent M. "Lou Bender, Columbia Star Who Helped Popularize Basketball in New York, Dies at 99", The New York Times, September 12, 2009. Accessed September 13, 2009.
  47. ↑ Colford, Paul D. "A Birthday Salute to the Father of Public Relations - For Immediate Release: Edward Bernays Is 100", Newsday, December 5, 1991. Accessed September 14, 2009. "Through most of his life, home base was Manhattan, where Bernays grew up and graduated from P S 184 and DeWitt Clinton High School, then at 10th Avenue and 58th Street, before going on to Cornell University."
  48. ↑ Berstein, Alice. "Harlem artist Robert Blackburn remembered", The New York Beacon, October 22, 2003. Accessed September 14, 2009. "Blackburn's early work at DeWitt Clinton High School, where classmates included artists Burton Hasen, David Finn and Harold Altman, was recently exhibited at the Metropolitan Museum."
  49. ↑ "Bronx rap star hopes to make the big time". News 12 - The Bronx. August 18, 2017. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  50. ↑ China, Stacy Y. "World Series / No Ordinary Path / After up-and-down times, Bronx' Borbon Jr. up again", Newsday, October 6, 1995. Accessed September 14, 2009. "He attended DeWitt Clinton High School, and was coached by Steve Nathanson."
  51. ↑ Columbia University "1976 Winners", Pulitzer Prize, 1976. Accessed May 28, 2012.
  52. ↑ Staff. "Securities Firm Founder Cantor Dies", Los Angeles Times, July 6, 1996. Accessed August 14, 2009. "Cantor was born in the Bronx in 1916 and attended DeWitt Clinton High School."
  53. ↑ Burger, Timothy J. "Prez Taps Maverick for Surgeon General", Daily News (New York), March 27, 2002. Accessed September 14, 2009. "Carmona, 52, who dropped out of DeWitt Clinton High School in the Bronx at 16 and later joined the Army, got a GED and was a Green Beret in Vietnam, where he was wounded twice."
  54. ↑ Voce, Steve. "Al Casey: Swinging guitarist with Fats Waller", The Independent, September 15, 2005. "Once in New York he studied guitar at DeWitt Clinton High School before his uncles sent him to the Martin Smith Music School for three years."
  55. ↑ Champlin, Charles. "Another Year, Another Oscar Strategy – Movies: Gilbert Cates finds a different set of circumstances for this year's Academy Awards, his second as producer of the annual awards show.", Los Angeles Times, February 26, 1991. Accessed September 14, 2009. "He started fencing at Dewitt Clinton High School in the Bronx and, he says, you spent three months of exercise just getting in shape to fence."
  56. ↑ via The New York Times, "'Marty' And 'Network' Author Dies", Star-Banner, August 2, 1981. Accessed September 14, 2009. "He was born in the Bronx in 1923 and attended DeWitt Clinton High School."
  57. ↑ Buckley, Tom. "The Literary Conspiracies of Richard Condon", The New York Times, September 2, 1979. Accessed September 14, 2009.
  58. 1 2 3 Wasserstein, Wendy. "Theater, A Place They'd Never Been: the Theater", The New York Times, June 20, 1999. Accessed September 15, 2009. "DeWitt Clinton High School, named for the 19th-century New York mayor and governor, is the alma mater of the comedian Robert Klein, the designer Ralph Lauren and the writers James Baldwin and Avery Corman."
  59. ↑ Henahan, Donal. "When the stage director takes on the opera; Says Frank Corsaro: 'My productions are supposed to be so sensational and sexual, but what in God's name is the theater all about? Theater is vulgar in the best sense'", The New York Times, November 12, 1972. Accessed September 15, 2009. "I attended DeWitt Clinton High School in the Bronx for a while and the Immaculata High School on East 33rd Street, but they threw me out after awarding me a prize for oratory. So I went back to DeWitt Clinton."
  60. ↑ Justice Cotillo Dead Here at 53, The New York Times, July 28, 1939
  61. ↑ "About Countee Cullen's Life and Career". www.english.uiuc.edu.
  62. ↑ "DeWitt Clinton Hidh School, Bronx, New York". Retrieved July 30, 2007.
  63. ↑ "B.U. Bridge: Boston University community's weekly newspaper". www.bu.edu. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
  64. ↑ "New York Daily News".
  65. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pelisson, Gerard J. (July 2021). "DWC Notable Alumni" (PDF). DeWitt Clinton Alumni Association. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2021.
  66. ↑ "Fliegel, Bernie". jewsinsports.org. 2011. Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
  67. ↑ Greenfield, Josh. "Bruce Jay Friedman Is Hanging by His Thumbs", The New York Times, January 14, 1968. Accessed September 15, 2009. "While attending DeWitt Clinton High School, Friedman became interested in writing for the first time."
  68. ↑ Turman, Katherine (September 10, 2014). "Ace Frehley Gives Us a Ride Around His Old Bronx Stomping Grounds". The Village Voice. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  69. ↑ Hutchins, Mason C., ed. (1936). The New York Red Book, 1936. Albany, N.Y.: Albany, N.Y. pp. 103–104 – via FamilySearch.
  70. ↑ "Former Net, Sixer Green dies of lung cancer". ESPN.com. January 26, 2006. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  71. ↑ Waddles, Hank. "Bronx Banter Interview: Arnold Hano". Alex Belth Bronx Banter. September 28, 2009. Retrieved August 25, 2015. "I grew up in the Bronx and went to DeWitt Clinton High School, which is the high school at the north end of the Bronx, and we were there until I was maybe fourteen or fifteen when we moved into Manhattan. ... So I was writing at that age, and when I went to college – I started college when I was fifteen – I was going to be a doctor."
  72. ↑ "Writer Creates a Scholarship for Journalists" Archived September 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. LIU Planned Giving. Retrieved August 25, 2015. "Arnold Hano B'41 is creating a scholarship in his will for journalism majors so the next generation of students can improve their lives as he did at LIU."
  73. ↑ Jeffrey B. Perry, "Hubert Harrison: The Voice of Harlem Radicalism, 1883-1918", Columbia University Press, 2008, pp. 56–57.
  74. ↑ "In Memoriam: Richard D. Heffner 1925 – 2013 - The Open Mind, Hosted by Alexander Heffner". April 19, 2014.
  75. ↑ Grimes, William (October 9, 2013). "Stanley Kauffmann, Critic, Dies at 97; Spent a Half-Century at the Movies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
  76. ↑ Langum, David J. "William M. Kunstler: the most hated lawyer in America", p. 25. New York University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-8147-5150-4. "Kunstler attended DeWitt Clinton High School at its annex on West End Avenue."
  77. ↑ Buford, Kate. "Burt Lancaster: An American Life", Alfred A. Knopf, 2000. Accessed September 14, 2009. "Before he graduated from DeWitt Clinton, where he was a basketball star, his mother was dead of a cerebral hemorrhage."
  78. ↑ Staff. "Selling a Dream of Elegance and the Good Life", Time, September 1, 1986. Accessed September 15, 2009. "At DeWitt Clinton High School in the Bronx, Lauren attended business classes but paid little attention to studies. His adolescent idols were British and American style setters: the Duke of Windsor, for example, and Katharine Hepburn, who stole the show in The Philadelphia Story with her pants-and-pearls look."
  79. ↑ "Barry Liebowitz Stats". Basketball-Reference.com. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  80. ↑ "Seymour "Cy" Leslie". Syracuse University Office of Veteran and Military Affairs. Archived from the original on October 26, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  81. ↑ Murlin, Edgar L. (1913). The New York Red Book. Albany, N.Y.: J. B. Lyon Company. p. 158 – via Google Books.
  82. ↑ Vardi, Nathan. "The Connecticut Oil Baron". Forbes. Retrieved February 11, 2013.
  83. ↑ "A Heritage Press Retrospective-How These Books Came to Be". Archived from the original on May 31, 2008. Retrieved April 3, 2008.
  84. ↑ "The Newsletter" (PDF). Dewitt Clinton Alumni Association. September 2019. p. 5. Retrieved October 11, 2020.
  85. ↑ Garraty, John Arthur; Carnes, Mark Christopher (1999). American National Biography. Vol. 16. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 388. ISBN 0195127951.
  86. ↑ "Historian Herbert Parmet Has Passed Away | History News Network". historynewsnetwork.org. Retrieved December 5, 2021.
  87. ↑ Ramsey, Guthrie P." (2013). The Amazing Bud Powell: Black Genius, Jazz History, and the Challenge of Bebop. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 49. ISBN 9780520243910.
  88. ↑ Williams, Chuck (March 14, 2015). "Sunday Interview with Bob Poydasheff: 'Fort Benning is Columbus and Columbus is Fort Benning'". Ledger-Enquirer. Retrieved December 16, 2018.
  89. ↑ Pincus, Arthur (September 27, 1973). "A Winning Tradition". The New York Times. Retrieved September 19, 2016.
  90. ↑ van Gelder, Lawrence (December 21, 1995). "Mario A. Procaccino, 83, Who Lost to Lindsay in 1969, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved September 19, 2016.
  91. ↑ "Rangel, Charles B. – Biographical Information". Retrieved July 22, 2009.
  92. ↑ Grimes, William (September 2, 2011). "Maurice M. Rapport, Who Studied Serotonin, Dies at 91". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
  93. ↑ "C.C.N.Y. ELECTS CAPTAIN.; Tubby Raskin to Lead Lavender Basketball Team Next Season". The New York Times. March 17, 1921.
  94. ↑ Roberts, Sam (March 23, 2015). "Danny Schechter, 'News Dissector' and Human Rights Activist, Dies at 72". The New York Times. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  95. ↑ "Brady World-Sherwood Schwartz". Retrieved July 22, 2009.
  96. ↑ "Happy 69th Birthday, Brother Gil Scott-Heron". AP. March 30, 2018. Retrieved October 21, 2021.
  97. ↑ Genzlinger, Neil (September 6, 2020). "Gerald Shur, Architect of Witness Protection Program, Dies at 86". New York Times. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
  98. ↑ Remnick, David (December 20, 1983). "Sobers' Best Moves Can Transport Fans And Carry a Team". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  99. ↑ Solomon, Herbert (1986). "Looking at Life Quantitatively". In Gani, J. (ed.). The Craft of Probabilistic Modelling. Applied Probability. Vol. 1. Springer. pp. 10–30. doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-8631-5_2. ISBN 0-387-96277-8.
  100. ↑ Columbia University "1942 Winners", Pulitzer Prize, 1942. Accessed May 28, 2012.
  101. ↑ Steinberg, Michael (March 17, 2017). "David Steinberg, former chief executive of PR Newswire and chairman of Canada Newswire, dies at 85". Cision. Retrieved October 12, 2021.
  102. ↑ Severo, Richard. "Howard Taubman, 88, a Times Music Critic", The New York Times, January 9, 1996. Accessed October 18, 2009.
  103. ↑ Goldstein, Richard (September 11, 2002). "Ed Warner, 73, College Star Convicted of Shaving Points". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  104. ↑ "Lester Wunderman's Facebook Page". Facebook. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
  105. ↑ Fernanda Santos (September 21, 2005). "Protest Over Metal Detectors Gains Legs as Students Walk Out". The New York Times. Retrieved July 30, 2007.

Bibliography

  • Kelley, Frank Bergen, ed. The DeWitt Clinton Book, New York: Clinton Memorabilia Society, 1906.

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