Chocobo
Final Fantasy character
Chocobo artwork by Tetsuya Nomura in Final Fantasy VII
First gameFinal Fantasy II (1988)
Created byKoichi Ishii
Designed byKoichi Ishii
Toshiyuki Itahana (Chocobo series)

The Chocobo (Japanese: チョコボ, Hepburn: Chokobo) is a fictional species created for the Final Fantasy franchise by Square Enix (originally Square). A galliform bird commonly having yellow feathers, they were first introduced in Final Fantasy II (1988), and have since featured in some capacity in nearly every Final Fantasy title, usually as a means of transport. Chocobos or chocobo-themed characters have played story roles in multiple titles, notably in Final Fantasy V and XIII. A recurring Chocobo also acts as protagonist of the Chocobo spin-off series.

The chocobo was created by designer and artist Koichi Ishii, inspired by childhood memories of raising a chick to adulthood. In Final Fantasy III it was going to be part of a trio of mascot characters alongside the Moogle, but the third planned mascot was scrapped. The chocobo has gone through multiple redesigns for each entry, with a notable contributing artist being Toshiyuki Itahana. In addition to Final Fantasy, the character has made cameo appearances in other video games. The chocobo has remained an icon of the series, recognised and noted by journalists and fans.

Creation and development

The chocobo was created by Koichi Ishii, an artist and game designer who worked on the original Final Fantasy (1987) and Final Fantasy II (1988).[1][2] The origins of chocobos came from Ishii's childhood. When he was at elementary school, he bought a chick at a festival market and formed a strong bond with it.[1] One day while he was away at school, his parents decided they could no longer care for it and gave it to a neighbour who kept chickens. Ishii was very upset when he found out, and kept the memory of the chick into his adult life.[1][2] All through development of Final Fantasy, Ishii wanted to create an animal companion character.[2] A challenge to himself was creating a character that could not speak but would still be capable of creating an empathic connection with the player.[3] The chocobo's design was inspired by the middle stage of his chick before it matured into a chicken.[1] The name "Chocobo" was inspired by the Chocolate Ball, a popular confection in Japan created by Morinaga & Company.[2][4]

He created the first Chocobo designs in ten minutes during a lunch break, imagining chocobos as a near-constant companion players would connect with, similar to the horse Thunderbolt from Kōya no Shōnen Isamu.[2] When Ishii presented the chocobo concept to series creator Hironobu Sakaguchi, they were initially rejected, but Sakaguchi eventually included them in Final Fantasy II in the much-reduced role of temporary mounts. Ishii was annoyed by their reduced role both in II and III (1990).[2] This anger prompted him to include the chocobo in its intended companion role in the debut Mana title Final Fantasy Adventure (1991), which was the first project where he had creative control.[2][3] He considered that version to be the original Chocobo, which appeared in other properties around that game.[2] He was originally going to make the chocobo one of a trio of mascot characters alongside the Moogle and a third animal creation that ended up being scrapped.[5]

Ishii originally envisioned the chocobo as a non-vocal character, communicating through its movements and thus being true to its feelings.[6] Going forward, the chocobo sported a distinctive "Kweh" call.[7][8] A recurring element in games featuring the chocobo is a titular musical theme, created for Final Fantasy II by Nobuo Uematsu and remixed or redone in subsequent entries.[9][10] For the remixes he chose, Uematsu always selected a genre which had the same number of syllables as "chocobo".[10] Though Ishii never intended the chocobo to become a mascot, positive fan reception caused it to become a fixture in the series going forward.[5] It underwent multiple redesigns based on the setting of each game, such as Final Fantasy XV (2016) where it was designed to appear realistic while still having exotic flourishes.[11][12] They were initially left out of the world design of Final Fantasy XVI (2023), but staff protests prompted scenario writer Kazutoyo Maehiro to incorporate them.[13]

The most notable version features in the long-running Chocobo spin-off series, which share a protagonist in the form of a male Chocobo.[14][15][16] This incarnation of Chocobo was designed by Toshiyuki Itahana, who created a more cute design that would fit into a roguelike game design while also appealing to a wider market than the "sleek" designs of Chocobos from the main series.[14][12] His early attempts to make a more monster-like version did not work due to the planned tone, which focused on a light-hearted story.[12] He also created versions of Chocobo that had him wearing Final Fantasy job outfits.[14] Recurring artist Yoshitaka Amano created a concept for the Chocobo summon from Final Fantasy III, though this design differed markedly from its usual appearance. The in-game sprite, while a typical chocobo design, reused colors from the Amano artwork.[17] Due to his workload at the time, he had no memory of his chocobo design.[18]

Appearances

Across the series, chocobos are portrayed as galliform birds, often with yellow feathers but also coming in other colors such as black.[19][20] Their primary role, particularly in earlier titles, was acting as transportation for the party across the world map.[19][21] From Final Fantasy VII onwards, Chocobos have appeared in more substantial roles within racing minigames, and as summoned monsters.[19][20][21] Other pieces of media within the series, including Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within, have featured chocobo imagery in some way.[22] Several spin-off titles including Final Fantasy Tactics and Final Fantasy XIII-2 have included chocobos as playable or support characters.[7][21] In Final Fantasy XI and XIV, chocobos were included in player-focused activities, featuring them as both pets and means of transport.[23][24] A notable narrative use of Chocobos was in the opening section of Final Fantasy Type-0, where a chocobo was gunned down and their owner was unable to save it, setting the game's darker emotional tone.[15]

Some chocobos have acted as individual characters.[21][22] The first was Boco, a chocobo from Final Fantasy V who accompanied the protagonist Bartz.[21][25] Ishii was pleased with this interpretation, feeling that the developers of V had understood his intentions with the Chocobo character.[2] Boco was referenced through a Chocobo character within Final Fantasy IX, which featured multiple callbacks to earlier Final Fantasy titles.[26] Another notable Chocobo character is Chocolina from Final Fantasy XIII and its sequels XIII-2 and Lightning Returns.[27][28] Originally a chocobo chick bought as a pet by character Sazh Katzroy, she is granted the ability to take human shape by the Goddess Etro, and takes on the role of a merchant and quest giver.[28][29] The chick was originally going to play a role in combat in Final Fantasy XIII, but this was scrapped.[30] The Eidolon Odin, who serves Final Fantasy XIII protagonist Lightning, is put in the form of a chocobo during the events of Lightning Returns, with Lightning able to ride him in one of the game's areas. The developers did this to allow players to see Lightning's emotional connection with Odin.[31] Both Boco and Chocolina were featured, alongside other chocobo-related characters, in World of Final Fantasy.[32]

Chocobos also feature in a dedicated self-titled Chocobo subseries.[16][21] Beginning in 1997 with Chocobo no Fushigi na Dungeon, a spin-off of the Mystery Dungeon franchise, the series spans nearly twenty entries across game consoles and mobile platforms within multiple genres.[16][33][34] While one of the most prolific Final Fantasy subseries in terms of games released, relatively few have been published outside Japan.[33][22] Final Fantasy XIV featured a chocobo character called Alpha in a questline surrounding a machine called Omega, with its design referencing Itahana's artwork and its inclusion being a homage to Chocobo's clashes with Omega within the Chocobo subseries.[12]

Within Square Enix's library, chocobos also saw playable cameo appearances in Tobal 2,[35] Legend of Mana,[36] and Dragon Quest X.[37] It also cameoed beyond the company in Everybody's Golf,[38] and Assassin's Creed Origins as part of a crossover with Final Fantasy XV.[39] Chocobo merchandise has been released, including a rubber duck,[40] a plush baby Chocobo,[41] and coffee mugs.[42] Square Enix designed a chocobo character costume for the release of Chocobo Tales.[43]

Reception

The Chocobo has been referred to or considered to be a series mascot by fans and journalists since its introduction, becoming synonymous with the series's visual identity.[5][20][44][45] In a feature on the series for Retro Gamer, Samuel Roberts referred to the Chocobo as an iconic creature since its introduction in Final Fantasy II.[46] Anthony John Agnello, writing for The Escapist, praised the Chocobo as an adorable mainstay within both the main series and its spin-off series and media.[8] In a feature for The Guardian, the Chocobo was 9th in a list of 18 video game animal characters.[47]

In 2008, Boco was voted by Joystiq as the 20th most desired character to be placed in the Final Fantasy fighting game Dissidia: Final Fantasy.[48] In 2007, the Chocobo was listed by IGN as one of the most likely Square Enix characters that could appear in the Super Smash Bros. series, comparing them to the Slime from Dragon Quest and saying that "the Chocobo could be an excellent enemy for Yoshi".[49] For Final Fantasy VII, the site Anime News Network regarded the caring for chocobos as an appealing sidequest due to the benefits that come from it and thus wanted the remake to have it.[50]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 第156回スクウェア・エニックス石井 浩一さん. Gpara.com (in Japanese). 2004. Archived from the original on 10 September 2004. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ファイナルファンタジー 20thアニバーサリー アルティマニア File1:キャラクター編 (in Japanese). Square Enix. 31 January 2008. pp. 52–53. ISBN 978-4757522060.
  3. 1 2 人のフィルターがゲームを形作る。「聖剣伝説 RISE of MANA」プロデューサーの小山田 将氏とシリーズ生みの親である石井浩一氏へのインタビュー. 4Gamer.net (in Japanese). 15 April 2014. p. 2. Archived from the original on 29 July 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  4. ↑ Riley, Adam; Smith, Lesley (8 February 2007). "Hiromichi Tanaka, Square Enix (Transcript)". Cubed3. Archived from the original on 3 March 2007. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
  5. 1 2 3 ×ファイナルファンタジー 20thアニバーサリー アルティマニア File1:キャラクター編 (in Japanese). Square Enix. 31 January 2008. pp. 76–77. ISBN 978-4757522060.
  6. ↑ "Final Fantasy III 30th Anniversary Special Interview Vol.2". Square Enix. 1 May 2020. Archived from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  7. 1 2 「チョコボレース」など様々なミニゲームを楽しめるカジノほか. Game Watch Impress (in Japanese). 31 October 2011. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  8. 1 2 Angello, Anthony John (26 April 2019). "Chocobo: Mascot, Friend, Sexy Showgirl". The Escapist. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  9. ↑ Final Fantasy I.II.III Original Soundtrack Revival Disc. Square Enix (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 16 March 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  10. 1 2 Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Asia Pacific Arts (29 July 2018). APA Interview with Nobuo Uematsu and Arnie Roth About "Distant Worlds" (2010). YouTube (Video).
  11. ↑ "FFXV: quelques monstres pour Halloween". Final Fantasy World (in French). 1 November 2015. Archived from the original on 2 November 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Lee, Julia (25 March 2019). "How the art of Final Fantasy character designer Toshiyuki Itahana influenced the series". Polygon. Archived from the original on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  13. ↑ 『FF16』吉田直樹氏＆高井浩氏＆前廣和豊氏最新インタビュー。世界観やストーリーについて詳しく深掘り。裏テーマは“自己肯定”、発売日は年内に発表予定. Famitsu (in Japanese). 4 November 2022. Archived from the original on 8 December 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  14. 1 2 3 Ding, Lowey (20 March 2019). "Chocobo's Mystery Dungeon Every Buddy! Out Today, Character Designer Art Showcase". PlayStation Blog. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  15. 1 2 "Interview: The man that killed a chocobo to make a Final Fantasy game". Digitally Downloaded. 13 March 2015. Archived from the original on 15 March 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  16. 1 2 3 Retro Gamer Collection Volume 8. Imagine Publishing. 1 January 2014. p. 88. ISBN 978-1909758957.
  17. ↑ Square Enix (24 July 2018). Final Fantasy Ultimania Archive Volume 1. Dark Horse Comics. p. 118. ISBN 978-1506706443.
  18. ↑ "Mano A Mano With Amano". Electronic Gaming Monthly. No. 132. EGM Media. July 2000. p. 136-137.
  19. 1 2 3 Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: GameTrailers (3 November 2007). GT Retrospectives: Final Fantasy Retrospective – Part XIII. YouTube (Video).
  20. 1 2 3 Kolan, Patrick (18 January 2007). "The Evolution of Final Fantasy". IGN. Archived from the original on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Evolution of a Chocobo". GameFan. Vol. 7, no. 8. Shinno Media. August 1999.
  22. 1 2 3 Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: GameTrailers (25 September 2007). GT Retrospectives: Final Fantasy Retrospective – Part X. YouTube (Video).
  23. ↑ Fahay, Rob (24 August 2010). "Retrospective: Final Fantasy XI". Eurogamer. Archived from the original on 1 September 2010. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  24. ↑ Ramos, Jeff (13 April 2021). "Final Fantasy 14 guide: How to get a mount". Polygon. Archived from the original on 6 August 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  25. ↑ Romano, Sal (19 August 2016). "World of Final Fantasy details Terra, Bartz, Boco, and more". Gematsu. Archived from the original on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
  26. ↑ "Final Fantasy IX 20th Anniversary Special Interview Vol. 1". Square Enix. 7 July 2020. Archived from the original on 9 August 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  27. ↑ ファイナルファンタジーXIII-2インタビュー:北瀬佳範、鳥山求. Dengeki PlayStation (in Japanese). No. 508. ASCII Media Works. December 2011. pp. 82–84.
  28. 1 2 『ライトニング リターンズ ファイナルファンタジーXIII』スタートから1時間でわかった自由度と歯応え【プレイリポート】. Famitsu (in Japanese). 1 August 2013. Archived from the original on 10 August 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  29. ↑ Final Fantasy XIII-2 Ultimania Omega (in Japanese). Tokyo: Studio Bentstuff. 21 June 2012. ISBN 9784757536197.
  30. ↑ "Interview: Motomu Toriyama and Nao Ikeda". Dengeki PlayStation (in Japanese). No. 440. ASCII Media Works. 27 February 2009.
  31. ↑ Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII Ultimania (in Japanese). Studio Bentstuff. 19 December 2013. pp. 742–743. ISBN 978-4-7575-4158-0.
  32. ↑ 「WORLD OF FINAL FANTASY」 - キャラクター. Square Enix (in Japanese).
  33. 1 2 Thorpe, Nick (July 2017). "30 Years of Final Fantasy". Retro Gamer. No. 170. Future plc. p. 34.
  34. ↑ "History Lesson #45: Shiren the Wanderer". NGamer. No. 48. April 2020. p. 99.
  35. ↑ Region Locked. Unbound. 8 July 2021. p. 197. ISBN 978-1783529261.
  36. ↑ "Legend of Mana – 1999 Developer Interview". Shumplations. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  37. ↑ 『ドラゴンクエストX』アニバーサリー企画で『FFXI』、『FFXIV』とコラボ. Famitsu (in Japanese). 14 January 2014. Archived from the original on 14 January 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  38. ↑ 『New みんなのGOLF』でチョコボに乗れる！ 2月26日より開催の『ファイナルファンタジー30周年記念』コラボ情報. PlayStation Blog (in Japanese). 8 February 2018. Archived from the original on 10 August 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  39. ↑ Bailey, Dustin (19 December 2017). "Assassin's Creed Origins' new free update adds a Final Fantasy quest and chocobo mount". PC Games. Archived from the original on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  40. ↑ Michael McWhertor (22 January 2008). "Final Fantasy's Chocobo Goes Rubbery, Ducky". Kotaku. Archived from the original on 23 January 2008. Retrieved 1 April 2008.
  41. ↑ "PlayStation: The Official Magazine Holiday Gift Guide '08", PlayStation: The Official Magazine 13 (Holiday 2008): 37.
  42. ↑ McWhertor, Michael (16 May 2007). "Chocobo Coffee Mugs". Kotaku. Archived from the original on 26 April 2009. Retrieved 17 February 2009.
  43. ↑ Fahey, Mike (14 December 2006). "Chocobos In The Wild". Kotaku. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2009.
  44. ↑ "Chocobo's Dungeon 2: Square's feathered mascot is on a role". PSM. No. 29. Imagine Media. January 2000. p. 79.
  45. ↑ Ceung, Kevin (October 1999). "Review: Chocobo Racing". Hyper. No. 72. Next Publishing Pty. Ltd. p. 62.
  46. ↑ Roberts, Samuel (November 2009). "The Complete History of Final Fantasy". Retro Gamer. No. 69. Future plc. p. 28.
  47. ↑ Gray, Kate; Stuart, Keith (20 September 2016). "From cute cats to super monkeys: the 18 most adorable video game animals". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  48. ↑ Athab, Majed (28 March 2008). "Top 20 Final Fantasy characters that should be in Dissidia". Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 31 March 2008.
  49. ↑ Lucas M. Thomas (9 November 2007). "Smash It Up! - It's Hip to be Square". IGN. Retrieved 6 April 2011.
  50. ↑ "Put These 8 Moments in the FFVII Remake, You Cowards". Anime News Network. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
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