1850 to 1890

In 1850, Pope Pius IX erected the Apostolic Vicariate of Indian Territory East of the Rocky Mountains. This vicariate covered all of the Missouri Territory, which then included the Kansas region.^[6] Seven years later, Pius IX create a separate Apostolic Vicariate of Kansas, covering the newly created Kansas Territory.

The first Catholic mass in Salina was celebrated in 1861 in a private home. Sacred Heart Church, the first Catholic church in the city, was dedicated in 1876.^[7] In Beloit, the first mass was offered in 1871, with the first church, St. John the Baptist, dedicated in 1878.^[8]

The Diocese of Leavenworth, covering all of Kansas, was erected in 1877 by Pius IX. He named Reverend Louis Fink as its first bishop. Fink visited Salina that same year.^[7] Kansas grew so rapidly over the next ten years that Fink petitioned the Vatican to establish two new dioceses in the western part of the state. Our Lady of Good Hope, the first Catholic church in Concordia, was completed in 1879.^[9]

In 1887, Pope Leo XIII erected the Diocese of Concordia, the forerunner of the Diocese of Salina, out of the Diocese of Leavenworth. The pope named Monsignor Richard Scannell from the Diocese of Nashville as the first bishop of Concordia.

1890 to 1910

With only 20 resident pastors and a growing Catholic population, Scannell attempted to solve the priest shortage by establishing a preparatory seminary in Belleville, laying its cornerstone in June 1890.^[10] However, due to an economic depression, the seminary was never built and left the diocese with a long-lasting debt. During his three-year-long tenure, Scannell also assisted the Sisters of St. Joseph to become permanently established in the diocese, erected 15 churches, and increased the number of diocesan priests from five to 22.^[10] Leo XIII named Scannell as Bishop of Omaha in 1891. Leo XIII's replacement for Scannell in Salina, Reverend Thaddeus J. Butler, died before his consecration as bishop.

In 1898, Monsignor John Cunningham of Leavenworth was appointed the second bishop of Concordia by Leo XIII.^[11] Described as the "diocesan builder,"^[12] Cunningham erected 54 churches, 22 schools, and three hospitals during his tenure.^[13] He also dedicated the cathedral and laid the cornerstone for the Nazareth Motherhouse in 1902. Cunningham also founded Hays Catholic College and St. Joseph's Orphanage in addition to several rectories and convents.^[12]

1910 to 1944

After Cunningham died in 1919, Pope Benedict XV named Monsignor Francis Joseph Tief of the as the third bishop of Concordia.^[14] During his tenure, Tief built or renovated eight churches, eight rectories, six schools, two convents, the Home of the Little Flower in Concordia (1924), St. Mary's Hospital in Manhattan (1936), St. Joseph's College and Military Academy in Hays (1931), and Marymount College in Salina (1922).^[15] He ordained 28 priests, built a new episcopal residence and chancery in Concordia (1926–1927), and established the Northwestern Kansas Register as the diocesan newspaper in 1937.^[15] Tief also pioneered the religious vacation school movement in 1927.^[15] Tief retired due to poor health in 1938.

Monsignor Francis Thill from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati was appointed bishop of Concordia in 1938 by Pope Pius XI.^[16] Thill founded the Catholic Youth Organization of Concordia in 1939.^[17] Despite the lingering effects of the Great Depression, he liquidated the diocesan debt of nearly $250,000 in late 1942.^[18]

1944 to 1980

On December 23, 1944, Pope Pius XII renamed the Diocese of Concordia as the Diocese of Salina, with Thill remaining as bishop.^[19] During his tenure, Thill erected or remodeled 25 churches, ten schools, 11 rectories, nine convents, and six chapels.^[17] He also ordained 35 priests.^[17] Thill died in 1957.

To replace Thill, Pope Pius XII appointed Reverend Frederick Freking, spiritual director of the Pontifical North American College in Rome, as the second bishop of Salina.^[20] Early in his tenure in Salina, Freking founded the Salina Council of Catholic Women in 1958 and Catholic Charities of Salina the following year.^[21] He convoked the first diocesan synod in 1962.^[21] As bishop of Salina, he established seven new churches, eleven new convents, four new high schools, and seven new grade schools.^[22] He also expanded the diocesan Charity and Religion Fund to help parishes finance their construction and renovation projects.^[23] Freking became bishop of the Diocese of La Crosse in 1964.

The next bishop of Salina was Monsignor Cyril Vogel of the Diocese of Greensburg, named by Pope Paul VI in 1965.^[24] Vogel attended the final session of the Second Vatican Council in Rome; he implement the reforms from the council in the diocese. During Vogel's tenure, the diocesan and parish councils, Priests' Senate, Clergy Personnel Board, Clergy Health and Retirement Association, Diocesan Liturgy and Building Commissions, and programs for education at all levels were established.^[25] He erected new churches in Hays and Minneapolis, Kansas (1967), Clyde (1969), and Hoxie and Washington, Kansas (1979).^[25] He also purchased two houses that were converted into a facility for the Catholic Student Union at Fort Hays State University in Hays (1969).^[25]

1980 to 2000

After Vogel died in 1979, Pope John Paul II selected Auxiliary Bishop Daniel Kucera of the Diocese of Joliet in 1980 as bishop of Salina. He established the diocesan Office of Planning, the Bishop's Council for Catholic Education and the Office of Youth Ministries . The diocese hired a business manager, and the chancery and other administrative offices of the diocese were moved to a larger building downtown. Marymount College in Salina became a diocesan institution after the Sisters of St. Joseph of Concordia decided they were no longer able to continue ownership.^[26] Kucera was named archbishop of the Archdiocese of Dubuque in 1983.

Auxiliary Bishop George Fitzsimons of the Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph was selected by John Paul II as the next bishop of Salina in 1984.^[27] During his tenure, he established an Office of Lay Ministry, with a director and an advisory board, funded and initiated by the Catholic Church Extension Society in Chicago, as well as a Rural Life Commission. He initiated the RENEW parish spiritual growth program.^[28] Marymount College closed in 1989 because of financial difficulties.^[28] Due to a declining population and priest shortage, Fitzsimons merges several parishes. He erected St. Nicholas of Myra Parish in Hays and St. Thomas More Parish in Manhattan.^[28]

2000 to present

After Fitzsimon retired in 2004, John Paul II named Reverend Paul Coakley of the Diocese of Wichita as the next bishop of Salina in 2004.^[29] He became archbishop of the Archdiocese of Oklahoma City in 2010. To replace Coakley, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Monsignor Edward Weisenburger of Oklahoma city as bishop of Salina.^[30] He became bishop of the Diocese of Tucson in 2017.

Pope Francis appointed Reverend Gerald Vincke from the Diocese of Lansing as bishop of Salina in 2018.^[31][32] In September 2018, the Archdiocese of Washington announced that former Cardinal Theodore McCarrick, the center of a major sexual abuse scandal in the church, would move to the rectory of St. Fidelis Parish in Victoria, Kansas.^[33] Vincke explained his decision to allow McCarrick to live in the diocese as showing mercy while pursuing justice. Vincke cite the story of Maria Goretti, a sainted girl who forgave her killer on her deathbed. In January 2020, the archdiocese announced that McCarrick, by then laicized, had moved to an undisclosed location.

As of 2023, Vincke is the current bishop of Salina.

Bishops of Concordia

1. Richard Scannell (1887–1891), appointed Bishop of Omaha
2. Thaddeus J. Butler (1897) (died before consecration)^[34]
3. John F. Cunningham (1898–1919)
4. Francis Joseph Tief (1920–1938)
5. Francis Augustine Thill (1938–1957)

Bishops of Salina

1. Francis Augustine Thill (1938–1957)
2. Frederick William Freking (1957–1964), appointed Bishop of La Crosse
3. Cyril John Vogel (1965–1979)
4. Daniel Kucera (1980–1983), appointed Archbishop of Dubuque
5. George Kinzie Fitzsimons (1984–2004)
6. Paul Stagg Coakley (2004–2010), appointed Archbishop of Oklahoma City
7. Edward Joseph Weisenburger (2012–2017), appointed Bishop of Tucson
8. Gerald Lee Vincke (2018–present)